WoRMS taxon details
Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878
Proaulax Diesing, 1866 · unaccepted (synonym)
Rhizodinium Baumeister ex Bourrelly, 1955 · unaccepted (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium abbreviatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium achromaticum Lebour, 1917
- Species Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle, 1960
- Species Gymnodinium aeschrum (T.H.Harris) Moestrup
- Species Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium agiliforme Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa ex Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium albidum J.B.Lackey & E.W.Lackey, 1970
- Species Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium allophron J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium alsiophyllum Skuja, 1964
- Species Gymnodinium amphiconicoides J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium amphityphlum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium amphora Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium amplinucleum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
- Species Gymnodinium arcticum Wulff, 1919
- Species Gymnodinium arcuatum Kofoid, 1931
- Species Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
- Species Gymnodinium astigmatum Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium atomatum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium attenuatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium aurantium P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium auratum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium aureolum (E.M.Hulburt) Gert Hansen, 2000
- Species Gymnodinium aureum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium australe Playfair, 1919
- Species Gymnodinium australense Ruiner, 1938
- Species Gymnodinium austriacum J.Schiller, 1932
- Species Gymnodinium baccatum Balech, 1965
- Species Gymnodinium baicalense N.L.Antipova, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium baumeisteri J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium bicaudatum Pavillard, 1905
- Species Gymnodinium biciliatum Ohno, 1911
- Species Gymnodinium biconicum J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium bicorne Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium bifurcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium bilobatum Van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium birotundatum van Goor, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium bisaetosum Lindemann, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium blax T.M.Harris, 1939
- Species Gymnodinium bogoriense G.A.Klebs, 1912
- Species Gymnodinium boguense P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium boguensis P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium bohemicum Fott, 1938
- Species Gymnodinium bonaerense Akselman, 1985
- Species Gymnodinium boreale Gaarder, 1953
- Species Gymnodinium canus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium capitatum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium caput J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium cassieorum R.E.Norris, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium catenatum H.W.Graham, 1943
- Species Gymnodinium caudatum Prescott, 1944
- Species Gymnodinium chiasmonetrium Norris, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium chiastosporum (T.M.Harris) Cridland, 1958
- Species Gymnodinium chinensis A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
- Species Gymnodinium christenii Thessen, D.J.Patterson & Shauna Murray, 2012
- Species Gymnodinium chukwanii D.Ballantine, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium cinctum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium cnecoides T.M.Harris, 1940
- Species Gymnodinium cnodax Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium colymbeticum T.M.Harris, 1940
- Species Gymnodinium concavum Skvortsov, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium contractum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium corii J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium corollarium A.M.Sundström, Kremp & Daugbjerg, 2009
- Species Gymnodinium corpusculum (Perty) W.S.Kent, 1881
- Species Gymnodinium costatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium cruciatum J.Massart
- Species Gymnodinium cryophilum (G.J.Wedemayer, L.W.Wilcox & L.E.Graham) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
- Species Gymnodinium cucumis Schütt, 1895
- Species Gymnodinium cyaneofungiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium dabendorfense (G.Alberti) J.P.Bujak & E.H.Davies, 1983 †
- Species Gymnodinium danicans P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium danubiense J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium dentatum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium depressum Skvortsov, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium devorans J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium diamphidium R.E.Norris, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium diploconus Schütt, 1895
- Species Gymnodinium discoidale T.M.Harris, 1940
- Species Gymnodinium dissimile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium dogielii Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium doma Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum (Hulbert, J.J.A.McLaughlin & Zahl) Shauna Murray, Salas & Hallegraeff, 2007
- Species Gymnodinium elongatum B.Hope, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium endofasciculum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium enorme Ballantine, 1964
- Species Gymnodinium eucyaneum H.J.Hu, 1983
- Species Gymnodinium eufrigidum J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium eurytopum Skuja, 1948
- Species Gymnodinium exechegloutum R.E.Norris, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium filum Lebour, 1917
- Species Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium fontinale (C.E.M.Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium fossarum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium frigidum Wolszynska, 1952
- Species Gymnodinium fukushimae Hada, 1966
- Species Gymnodinium fulgens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenberg) F.Stein, 1878
- Species Gymnodinium fusiforme Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium fusus Schütt, 1896
- Species Gymnodinium galaeformis Matzenauer, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matzenauer, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium galeatum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium galeiforme Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium galesianum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium gelbum Kofoid, 1931
- Species Gymnodinium gibbera J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium glandiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium gleba Schütt, 1895
- Species Gymnodinium gracilentum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium grammaticum (Pouchet) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium granii J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium guttiforme J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium guttula Balech, 1976
- Species Gymnodinium hamulus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium herbaceum Kofoid, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium hippocastanum Cridland, 1958
- Species Gymnodinium hiroshimaense Hada, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium huber-pestalozzii J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium hulburtii P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium hyalinum A.J.Schilling, 1891
- Species Gymnodinium hyperxanthoides (T.M.Harris) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium hyperxanthum (T.M.Harris) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium impatiens Skuja, 1964
- Species Gymnodinium impudicum (S.Fraga & I.Bravo) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
- Species Gymnodinium incertum E.C.Herdman, 1924
- Species Gymnodinium incisum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium incoloratum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium inconstans van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium inerme (Schmarda) Kent, 1881
- Species Gymnodinium intercalare Bursa, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium intermedium Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium inusitatum H.Gu, 2013
- Species Gymnodinium inversum Nygaard, 1929
- Species Gymnodinium irregulare B.Hope, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium irregulare Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium japonicum Hada, 1974
- Species Gymnodinium katodiniforme Elbrachter, 1979
- Species Gymnodinium kesslitzii (J.Schiller) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium kowalevskii Pitzik, 1967
- Species Gymnodinium lachmannii Kent, 1881
- Species Gymnodinium lackeyi Kiselev, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium lacustre J.Schiller, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium lalitae Shyam & Sarma, 1980
- Species Gymnodinium lanskoi Rouchijajnen, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium lantzschii Utermöhl, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium latum Skuja, 1948
- Species Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt, 1957
- Species Gymnodinium legiconveniens J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium leptostauron Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium leptum R.E.Norris, 1961
- Species Gymnodinium limitatum Skuja, 1956
- Species Gymnodinium limneticum Woloszynska, 1936
- Species Gymnodinium lineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium lineopunicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium litoralis A.Reñé, 2011
- Species Gymnodinium lividum Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium lobularis P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium loburare P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium lucidum D.Ballantine, 1964
- Species Gymnodinium luteofaba Javornicky, 1965
- Species Gymnodinium luteo-viride van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium maguelonnense Biecheler, 1952
- Species Gymnodinium mammosum van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium marinum Kent, 1880
- Species Gymnodinium massarti J.Schiller, 1932
- Species Gymnodinium maximum Nordli, 1951
- Species Gymnodinium mazuricum (Javornicky) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium metum Hulburt, 1957
- Species Gymnodinium microreticulatum C.J.S.Bolch, Negri & G.M.Hallegraeff, 1999
- Species Gymnodinium minimum Lantzsch, 1914
- Species Gymnodinium minor Lebour, 1917
- Species Gymnodinium minus Lebour, 1917
- Species Gymnodinium minutulum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium mirabile Penard, 1891
- Species Gymnodinium mirum Utermöhl, 1923
- Species Gymnodinium mitratum J.Schiller, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium modestum Balech, 1976
- Species Gymnodinium mucicola (W.Conrad) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium multilineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium multistriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium najadeum J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium nanum Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium neapolitanum J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium nolleri M.Ellegaard & Ø.Moestrup, 1999
- Species Gymnodinium nucaceum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium obesum J.Schiller, 1932
- Species Gymnodinium obliquum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle, 1960
- Species Gymnodinium ochraceum Kofoid, 1931
- Species Gymnodinium octo J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium oligoplacatum Skuja, 1956
- Species Gymnodinium olivaceum Skvortsov, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium oppressum Conrad, 1926
- Species Gymnodinium opressum Conrad, 1926
- Species Gymnodinium ostenfeldii J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium ovulum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium pallidum Skuja, 1939
- Species Gymnodinium palustre A.J.Schilling, 1891
- Species Gymnodinium palustriforme Gert Hansen & Flaim, 2007
- Species Gymnodinium paradoxiforme J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium paradoxum A.J.Schilling, 1891
- Species Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium parvum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium patagonicum Balech, 1971
- Species Gymnodinium paulseinii Schiller
- Species Gymnodinium paulsenii J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium pavlae Popovsky, 1990
- Species Gymnodinium peisonis J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium perplexum van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium pingue van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium placidum E.C.Herdman, 1922
- Species Gymnodinium planctonicum Skvortsov, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium planum (Fott) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium plasticum N.Wang, Z.Luo, K.N.Mertens, F.M.G.McCarthy & H.Gu, 2017
- Species Gymnodinium poculiferum Skuja, 1956
- Species Gymnodinium polycomma J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium posthiemale J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium pratense (Baumeister) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium prolatum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium pseudomirabile Gert Hansen & Flaim, 2007
- Species Gymnodinium pulchrum J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium pumilum J.Larsen, 1994
- Species Gymnodinium punctatum Pouchet, 1887
- Species Gymnodinium puniceum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium purpureum Skuja, 1956
- Species Gymnodinium pusillum A.J.Schilling, 1891
- Species Gymnodinium pygmaeum Lebour, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium pyrenoidosum T.Horiguchi & Chihara, 1988
- Species Gymnodinium radiatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium rarum Litvinenko, 1963
- Species Gymnodinium ravenescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium regulare van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium rete Schutt, 1895
- Species Gymnodinium rhinophoron (Javornicky) Litvinenko, 1977
- Species Gymnodinium rhomboides Schütt, 1895
- Species Gymnodinium roseostigma P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium rubricauda Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium rubrocinctum Lebour, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium rubrum Koifoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium ruttneri (J.Schiller) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium saginatum T.M.Harris, 1940
- Species Gymnodinium sanctipaulense (C.E.M.Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium scaphium van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium schaefferi S.Morris, 1937
- Species Gymnodinium schilleri (Woloszynska) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium schuettii J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium scopulosum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium semidivisum J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium servatum W.Busch, 1927
- Species Gymnodinium simile Skuja, 1956
- Species Gymnodinium sinuatum Skvortsov, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium situla Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium skvortzovii J.Schiller, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium smaydae N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Ø. Moestrup., 2014
- Species Gymnodinium soyai Hada, 1970
- Species Gymnodinium sphaericum (Calkins) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium sphaeroideum Kofoid, 1931
- Species Gymnodinium sphagnicola (W.Conrad) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium spirodinioides Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium stellatum Hulburt, 1957
- Species Gymnodinium striassimum Hulbert
- Species Gymnodinium subroseum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium subrufescens G.W.Martin, 1929
- Species Gymnodinium suffuscum van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium sulcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium telma van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium terrum Baumeister, 1943
- Species Gymnodinium thomasii Christen, 1959
- Species Gymnodinium thompsonii Kiselev ex Moestrup & Calado, 1954
- Species Gymnodinium titubans Christen, 1958
- Species Gymnodinium translucens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium translucens P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium trapeziforme Attaran-Fariman & Bolch, 2007
- Species Gymnodinium triangularis Lebour, 1917
- Species Gymnodinium triceratium Skuja, 1939
- Species Gymnodinium tridentatum J.Schiller, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium tylotum Mapletoft, M.Montgomery, J.Waters & P.Wells, 1966
- Species Gymnodinium uberrimum (G.J.Allman) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium undulatum Woloszynska, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium valdecompressum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium variabile E.C.Herdman, 1924
- Species Gymnodinium varians Maskell, 1888
- Species Gymnodinium vas Van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium venator Flo Jørgensen & Murray, 2004
- Species Gymnodinium vernum Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium verruculosum P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Species Gymnodinium vierae (Javornicky) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium violescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium virescens Wood, 1963
- Species Gymnodinium viridaliut J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium viridans van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium viridescens Kofoid, 1931
- Species Gymnodinium voukii J.Schiller, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium waltzii Baumeister, 1957
- Species Gymnodinium wawrikae J.Schiller, 1955
- Species Gymnodinium wigrense Woloszynska, 1925
- Species Gymnodinium wilczekii Pouchet, 1894
- Species Gymnodinium wulffii J.Schiller, 1933
- Species Gymnodinium absumens J.Schiller, 1955 accepted as Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium achroum J.Schiller, 1955 accepted as Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium acidotum Nygaard, 1950 accepted as Nusuttodinium acidotum (Nygaard) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2014 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium acuminatum Christen, 1954 accepted as Biecheleria pseudopalustris (J.Schiller) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2009
- Species Gymnodinium acutiusclum Okolodkov, 1997 accepted as Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
- Species Gymnodinium aeruginosum F.Stein, 1883 accepted as Nusuttodinium aeruginosum (F.Stein) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2014
- Species Gymnodinium aesculum Baumeister, 1943 accepted as Biecheleria aesculus (Baumeister) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium affine Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium affine (Dogiel) Chatton, 1920
- Species Gymnodinium agile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Durinskia agilis (Kofoid & Swezy) Saburova, Chomérat & Hoppenrath, 2012 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium agile Herdman, 1922 accepted as Herdmania litoralis J.D.Dodge, 1981 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium alatum Litvienko, 1963 accepted as Tyrannodinium edax (A.J.Schilling) Calado, 2011 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium amphidinioides Geitler, 1924 accepted as Nusuttodinium amphidinioides (Geitler) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2014 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium archimedes Pouchet accepted as Gymnodinium archimedis Pouchet, 1883 accepted as Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet) Lemmermann, 1899 (misspelling)
- Species Gymnodinium archimedis Pouchet, 1883 accepted as Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet) Lemmermann, 1899 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium arenicolum Dragesco, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
- Species Gymnodinium asymmetricum Massart, 1920 accepted as Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart) A.R.Loeblich, III, 1965 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium autumnale Christen, 1959 accepted as Gymnodinium leptostauron Moestrup & Calado, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium autumnale Skvortsov, 1968 accepted as Nusuttodinium aeruginosum (F.Stein) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2014
- Species Gymnodinium bei H.J.Spero, 1987 accepted as Pelagodinium bei (H.J.Spero) Siano, Montresor, Probert & Vargas, 2010 (deleted in Algaebase)
- Species Gymnodinium bisetosum Lindemann, 1928 accepted as Cystodinium cornifax (A.J.Schilling) G.A.Klebs, 1912
- Species Gymnodinium breve C.C.Davis, 1948 accepted as Karenia brevis (C.C.Davis) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium brevis Davis, 1948 accepted as Karenia brevis (C.C.Davis) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium brevisulcatum F.H.Chang, 1999 accepted as Karenia brevisulcata (F.H.Chang) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium caerulescens J.Schiller, 1955 accepted as Nusuttodinium caerulescens (J.Schiller) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium campaniforme Popovsky, 1971 accepted as Nusuttodinium campaniforme (Popovsky) Moestrup & Calado, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium carinatum A.J.Schilling, 1891 accepted as Gymnodinium palustre A.J.Schilling, 1891 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cestocoetes R.H.Thompson, 1947 accepted as Biecheleria cestocoetes (R.H.Thompson) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium chlorophorum Elbrächter & Schnepf, 1996 accepted as Lepidodinium chlorophorum (M.Elbrächter & E.Schnepf) Gert Hansen, Botes & Salas, 2007 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cladochromum J. Larsen, 1996 accepted as Takayama cladochroma (J.Larsen) M.F.Salas, Bolch & Hallegraeff, 2003 (basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium coeruleum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Balechina coerulea (Dogiel) F.J.R.Taylor, 1976 accepted as Cucumeridinium coeruleum (Dogiel) F.Gomez, P.López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium coeruleum Antipova, 1955 accepted as Gyrodinium helveticum (Penard) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2004 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium constrictum Schütt accepted as Cochlodinium constrictum (Schütt) Lemmennann, 1899 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cornutum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Gyrodinium schuettii (Lemmermann) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium coronatum Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Tovellia coronata (Woloszynska) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium crassum Pouchet, 1885 accepted as Gyrodinium crassum (Pouchet) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cruciatum R.H.Thompson, 1950 accepted as Gymnodinium thompsonii Kiselev ex Moestrup & Calado, 1954 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cyaneum H.J.Hu, M.Yu & X.Zhang, 1980 accepted as Nusuttodinium eucyaneum (H.J.Hu) Moestrup & Calado, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium cyaneum J.Schiller, 1955 accepted as Nusuttodinium cyaneum (J.Schiller) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium dimorphe Baumeister, 1938 accepted as Cystodinium dimorphe (Baumeister) Huber-Pestalozzi, 1950 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium dodgei R.Sarma & Y.S.R.K.Shyam, 1974 accepted as Tovellia dodgei (R.Sarma & Y.S.R.K.Shyam) K.N.Mertens & H.Gu, 2016
- Species Gymnodinium excavatum Nygaard, 1945 accepted as Biecheleria pseudopalustris (J.Schiller) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2009
- Species Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014 (basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium frigidum Balech, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
- Species Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortsov, 1968 accepted as Gymnodinium chinensis A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
- Species Gymnodinium fucorum Kuster, 1908 accepted as Crypthecodinium cohnii (Seligo) Javornicky, 1962 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium fungiforme Anisimova, 1926 accepted as Speroidium fungiforme (Anisimova) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud, 1957 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium geminatum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium geminatum (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 accepted as Polykrikos geminatus (Schütt) D.Qiu & S.Lin, 2013 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium gessneri (Baumeister) Bourrelly, 1970 accepted as Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenberg) F.Stein, 1878
- Species Gymnodinium glandula E.C.Herdman, 1924 accepted as Aduncodinium glandula (E.C.Herdman) N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Moestrup, 2015
- Species Gymnodinium glaucum Conrad, 1926 accepted as Amphidinium conradii J.Schiller, 1932 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021
- Species Gymnodinium halophilum Biecheler, 1952 accepted as Biecheleria halophila (Biecheler) Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2009
- Species Gymnodinium helix Pouchet, 1887 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium helix Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium helveticum Penard, 1891 accepted as Gyrodinium helveticum (Penard) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2004
- Species Gymnodinium hiemale Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Jadwigia hiemalis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium hiemale (J.Schiller) Popovsky, 1990 accepted as Nusuttodinium hiemale (J.Schiller) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium hiemale Skvortsov, 1927 accepted as Jadwigia neglecta (A.J.Schilling) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium impar T.M.Harris, 1939 accepted as Gymnodinium triceratium Skuja, 1939 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium indicum R.Shyam & Y.S.R.K.Sarma, 1980 accepted as Nusuttodinium indicum (R.Shyam & Y.S.R.K.Sarma) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium instriatum (Freudenthal & J.J.Lee) D.W.Coats, 2002 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014
- Species Gymnodinium irregulare Christen, 1959 accepted as Gymnodinium uberrimum (G.J.Allman) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
- Species Gymnodinium klebsii Er.Lindemann, 1928 accepted as Hypnodinium sphaericum G.A.Klebs, 1912
- Species Gymnodinium knollii J.Schiller, 1955 accepted as Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
- Species Gymnodinium lebourae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (misspelling)
- Species Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968
- Species Gymnodinium leopoliense Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Tovellia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium leopoliensis Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Woloszynskia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) R.H.Thompson, 1951 accepted as Tovellia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium limneticum J.B.Lackey, 1936 accepted as Nusuttodinium limneticum Moestrup & Calado, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium linucheae R.V.Trench & L.-V.Thinh, 1995 accepted as Symbiodinium linucheae (Trench & Thinh) T.C.LaJenesse, 2001
- Species Gymnodinium lira Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Cucumeridinium lira (Kofoid & Swezy) F.Gómez, P. López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015
- Species Gymnodinium lohmannii Paulsen, 1908 accepted as Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium lunula Schütt, 1895 accepted as Pyrocystis lunula (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium luridum Deflandre, 1938 † accepted as Tubotuberella lurida (Deflandre) Davies, 1983 †
- Species Gymnodinium macronucleum Litvinenko, 1963 accepted as Gymnodinium lantzschii Utermöhl, 1925 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium manchuriense Thessen, D.J.Patterson & Shauna Murray, 2012 accepted as Nusuttodinium aeruginosum (F.Stein) Y.Takano & T.Horiguchi, 2014
- Species Gymnodinium marylandicum R.H.Thompson, 1947 accepted as Borghiella marylandica (R.H.Thompson) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium microadriaticum (Freudenthal) F.J.R.Taylor, 1971 accepted as Symbiodinium microadriaticum LaJeunesse, 2017 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) Loeblich III, 1970 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake & Kominami ex Oda, 1935 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium minimum Klebs, 1912 accepted as Gymnodinium varians Maskell, 1888 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium minutum Lebour, 1925 accepted as Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann) Gert Hansen, 1995 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium monadicum (Deising) W.S.Kent, 1881 accepted as Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium musei Danysz, 1886 accepted as Opisthoaulax musei (Danysz) Calado, 2011 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium musei Danysz, 1887 accepted as Katodinium musei (Danysz) Fott, 1957 accepted as Opisthoaulax musei (Danysz) Calado, 2011 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium myriopyrenoides H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye, 2011 accepted as Nusuttodinium myriopyrenoides (H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye) Y.Takano & H.Yamaguichi, 2014
- Species Gymnodinium nagasakiense H.Takayama & M.Adachi, 1985 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium natalense T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 accepted as Ansanella natalensis (T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar) Dawut, Sym & T.Horiguchi, 2018
- Species Gymnodinium neglectum (A.J.Schilling) Er.Lindemann, 1928 accepted as Jadwigia neglecta (A.J.Schilling) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium nelsonii G.W.Martin, 1929 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium novaculosum Baumeister, 1939 accepted as Cystodinium cornifax (A.J.Schilling) G.A.Klebs, 1912
- Species Gymnodinium nygaardii Christen, 1958 accepted as Tovellia nygaardii Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugberg, 2008 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium opimum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Gyrodinium opimum (Schütt) Lebour, 1925 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium ordinatum Skuja, 1939 accepted as Biecheleria ordinata (Skuja) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium ovato-capitatum van Meel, 1969 accepted as Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
- Species Gymnodinium ovatum Gourret accepted as Gyrodinium ovatum (Gourret) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium ovum Schütt accepted as Gyrodinium ovum (Schütt) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pachydermatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium parasiticum Dogiel, 1906 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium parvulum Schütt, 1895 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium pascheri (Suchlandt) Schiller, 1954 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium p-dohrnii Wawrick, 1956 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pellucidum Wulff, 1916 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pellucidum (E.C.Herdman) Flø Jørgensen & Shauna Murray, 2004 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pigmentosum (Dodge) Loeblich, 1970 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pirum Schütt, 1895 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium polonicum (Woloszynska) Woloszynska, 1917 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium polyphemus Pouchet (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pouchetii Lemmermann, 1899 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium profundum J.Schiller, 1932 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pseudonoctiluca Pouchet, 1885 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pseudopalustre J.Schiller, 1932 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pulchellum J.Larsen, 1994 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) Pouchet, 1885 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium pyrocystis Jørgensen, 1912 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium quadrilobatum T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Gymnodinium roseolum (Schmarda) Stein, 1878 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium roseum Lohmann, 1908 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium roseum Dogiel, 1906 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium rotundatum Klebs, 1912 (unaccepted, basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium rufescens (Penard) Lemmermann, 1910 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium sangineum Hirasaka, 1924 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium sanguineum K.Hirasaka, 1922 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium spirale Bergh, 1882 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium splendens Lebour, 1925 (unaccepted, basionym)
- Species Gymnodinium stagnale J.Schiller, 1955 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium steinii (G.A.Klebs) Lindemann, 1928 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium stigmaticum Er.Lindemann, 1928 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium strangulatum F.Schütt, 1895 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium striatissimum E.M.Hulburt, 1957 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium submontanum J.Schiller, 1955 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium sugashimanii J.Cachon, H.Saton, M.Cachon & S.Sato, 1989 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium tatricum Wołoszyńska, 1919 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium tenuissimum Lauterborn, 1894 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium teredo Pouchet, 1885 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium tintinnicola Lohmann, 1908 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium unicorne (G.A.Klebs) Er.Lindemann, 1928 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballantine, 1956 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium veris Er.Lindemann, 1925 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium vernale Skvortsov, 1968 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium vestifici Schütt, 1895 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium viride Lebour, 1917 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium viride Penard, 1891 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium viridis Lebour, 1917 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium vitiligo D.Ballantine, 1956 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium vorticella F.Stein, 1883 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium woloszynskae Pascher, 1923 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium zachariasii Lemmermann, 1900 (unaccepted)
- Species Gymnodinium aestivale Skvortsov, 1968 (uncertain)
- Species Gymnodinium deformabile J.Schiller, 1955 (uncertain)
- Species Gymnodinium elongatum (J.Schiller) Moestrup & Calado, 2018 (uncertain, uncertain taxonomic status subjected to verification)
- Species Gymnodinium excavatum Van Meel, 1969 (uncertain)
- Species Gymnodinium falcatum V.G.Madhav & B.Kondalarao, 2004 (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Gymnodinium glaucum J.Schiller, 1955 (uncertain)
- Species Gymnodinium lens Fott, 1957 (uncertain, synonym)
- Species Gymnodinium meervallii Redeke, 1919 (uncertain)
- Species Gymnodinium radiatum (Javornicky) Moestrup & Calado, 2018 (uncertain, uncertain taxonomic status subjected to verification)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Not documented
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109475 on 2025-02-18
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
2006-07-12 06:39:56Z
changed
Camba Reu, Cibran
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 License
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details] 
additional source Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. <em>Memoirs of the University of California.</em> 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source Hayward, P. J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. <em>Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6.</em> 352 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Parker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. <em>Memoirs of the University of California.</em> 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source Hayward, P. J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. <em>Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6.</em> 352 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Parker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]




From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]Unreviewed
Classification This genus was originally placed under the family Gymnodiniidae as proposed by Hayward and Ryland (1990). [details]Diet general for group: both heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic) [details]
Ecology Blooms of this genus were recorded as early as 1937 in the Oslo Fjord (Braarud, 1945) an have occured more recently as G. sanguinum with concentrations up to 35 106 ind/l. [details]
Habitat pelagic [details]
Importance General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans. [details]
Predators marine microorganisms and animal larvae [details]
Reproduction general for group: both sexual and asexual [details]
Language | Name | |
---|---|---|
Japanese | ギムノディニウム属 | [details] |
PlanktonNet Image
Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Rhizodinium Baumeister ex Bourrelly, 1955)
Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Proaulax Diesing, 1866)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Gymnodinium)
To Genbank
To NMNH Extant Collection (114051.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (115029.jpg)
To ITIS
Published in AlgaeBase

Published in AlgaeBase

Published in AlgaeBase

To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Gymnodinium)
To Genbank
To NMNH Extant Collection (114051.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (115029.jpg)
To ITIS