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WoRMS taxon details

Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815


Cypraeidae pattern ...

AphiaID

23022 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:23022)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Family

Parent

Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815

Direct children (117)
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Subfamily Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815

» Tribe Cypraeini Rafinesque, 1815

    » Genus Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758
    » Genus Muracypraea Woodring, 1957
    » Genus Cyprea [sic] accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > misspelling)
    » Genus Pantherinaria Sacco, 1894 accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758
    » Genus Vulgusella Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758

» Tribe Mauritiini Steadman & Cotton, 1946

    » Genus Leporicypraea Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Macrocypraea Schilder, 1930
    » Genus Mauritia Troschel, 1863
    » Genus Etronsa Jousseaume, 1886 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)
    » Genus Maurina Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)
    » Genus Mauxiena Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)

Subfamily Cypraeovulinae F. A. Schilder, 1927

  » Genus Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824
  » Genus Notadusta F. A. Schilder, 1935
  » Genus Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
  » Genus Crossia Shikama, 1974 accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  » Genus Cypraeova accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > misspelling)
  » Genus Guttacypraea Iredale, 1935 accepted as Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
  » Genus Luponia J. E. Gray, 1837 accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  » Genus Thelxinovum Iredale, 1931 accepted as Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927 (unaccepted > junior homonym)

Subfamily Erosariinae Schilder, 1924

  » Genus Cryptocypraea C. Meyer, 2003
  » Genus Ipsa Jousseaume, 1884
  » Genus Monetaria Troschel, 1863
  » Genus Naria Gray, 1837
  » Genus Nesiocypraea M. Azuma & Kurohara, 1967
  » Genus Nucleolaria Oyama, 1959
  » Genus Perisserosa Iredale, 1930
  » Genus Propustularia F. A. Schilder, 1927
  » Genus Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884
  » Genus Albacypraea Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Naria Gray, 1837
  » Genus Aricia Gray, 1837 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863 (invalid: junior homonym of Aricia Savigny, 1822 [Polychaeta])
  » Genus Brugnonia Jeffreys, 1883 accepted as Naria Gray, 1837
  » Genus Cupinota Iredale, 1939 accepted as Purpuradusta Schilder, 1939 (nomen nudum)
  » Genus Erosaria Troschel, 1863 accepted as Naria Gray, 1837
  » Genus Eustaphylaea Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884
  » Genus Kurodadusta Shikama, 1971 accepted as Nesiocypraea M. Azuma & Kurohara, 1967
  » Genus Ornamentaria M. Schilder & F. A. Schilder, 1937 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863
  » Genus Paulonaria Iredale, 1930 accepted as Naria Gray, 1837
  » Genus Purperosa Iredale, 1935 accepted as Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884
  » Genus Ravitrona Iredale, 1930 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863

Subfamily Erroneinae Schilder, 1927

» Tribe Bistolidini C. P. Meyer, 2003

    » Genus Bistolida Cossmann, 1920
    » Genus Cribrarula Strand, 1929
    » Genus Ovatipsa Iredale, 1931
    » Genus Palmadusta Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Talostolida F. A. Schilder, 1939
    » Genus Cribraria Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Cribrarula Strand, 1929 (Invalid: junior homonym of Cribraria Persoon, 1794 [Mycetozoa]; Cribrarula is a replacement name)
    » Genus Derstolida Iredale, 1935 accepted as Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Evenaria Iredale, 1930 accepted as Palmadusta Iredale, 1930 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Nivigena Iredale, 1930 accepted as Cribrarula Strand, 1929
    » Genus Stolida Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 (invalid: junior homonym of Stolida Lesson, 1832 [Aves]; Bistolida is a replacement name)

» Tribe Erroneini Schilder, 1927

    » Genus Austrasiatica Lorenz, 1989
    » Genus Blasicrura Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Contradusta Meyer, 2003
    » Genus Eclogavena Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Erronea Troschel, 1863
    » Genus Ficadusta Habe & Kosuge, 1966
    » Genus Hiraseadusta Shikama, 1971
    » Genus Melicerona Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Palmulacypraea C. Meyer, 2003
    » Genus Paradusta Lorenz, 2017
    » Genus Purpuradusta Schilder, 1939
    » Genus Ransoniella Dolin & Lozouet, 2005
    » Genus Adusta Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Gratiadusta Iredale, 1930 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Ipserronea Iredale, 1935 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Opponaria Iredale, 1939 accepted as Purpuradusta Schilder, 1939 (nomen nudum)
    » Genus Palangerosa Iredale, 1930 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Ransonia Dolin & Lozouet, 2004 accepted as Ransoniella Dolin & Lozouet, 2005 (Invalid: junior homonym of Ransonia Blandin, 1979 [Arachnida]; Ransoniella is a replacement name)
    » Genus Solvadusta Iredale, 1935 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)

Subfamily Luriinae Schilder, 1932

» Tribe Austrocypraeini Iredale, 1935

    » Genus Annepona Iredale, 1935
    » Genus Arestorides Iredale, 1930
    » Genus Austrocypraea Cossmann, 1903
    » Genus Callistocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
    » Genus Chelycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
    » Genus Lyncina Troschel, 1863
    » Genus Miolyncina F. A. Schilder, 1939
    » Genus Raybaudia Lorenz, 2017
    » Genus Trona Jousseaume, 1884
    » Genus Mystaponda Iredale, 1930 accepted as Lyncina Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    » Genus Ponda Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Lyncina Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)

» Tribe Luriini Schilder, 1932

    » Genus Luria Jousseaume, 1884
    » Genus Talparia Troschel, 1863
    » Genus Basilitrona Iredale, 1930 accepted as Luria Jousseaume, 1884
    » Genus Tessellata Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Luria Jousseaume, 1884

Subfamily Pustulariinae Gill, 1871

  » Genus Pustularia Swainson, 1840
  » Tribe Cypraeovulini Schilder, 1927 accepted as Cypraeovulinae F. A. Schilder, 1927
  » Genus Epona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Pustularia Swainson, 1840
  » Tribe Pustulariini Gill, 1871 accepted as Pustulariinae Gill, 1871

Subfamily Umbiliinae Schilder, 1932

» Genus Umbilia Jousseaume, 1884

Subfamily Zoilinae Iredale, 1935

  » Genus Barycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
  » Genus Zoila Jousseaume, 1884
  » Genus Afrozoila Fehse, 2016 accepted as Barycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927

Subfamily Zonariinae F. A. Schilder, 1932

» Tribe Pseudozonariini López-Soriano, 2006

    » Genus Neobernaya Schilder, 1927
    » Genus Pseudozonaria F. A. Schilder, 1927
    » Genus Plaziatia Dolin & Lozouet, 2004 accepted as Pseudozonaria F. A. Schilder, 1927 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)

» Tribe Zonariini Schilder, 1932

    » Genus Schilderina Dolin & Aguerre, 2020
    » Genus Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884
    » Genus Schilderia Tomlin, 1930 (uncertain > nomen dubium)

Subfamily Adustinae Cotton & Steadman, 1946 accepted as Erroneinae Schilder, 1927 (synonym)
Subfamily Mauritiinae Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Mauritiini Steadman & Cotton, 1946 (original rank)

Genus Sinusigera d'Orbigny, 1853 (uncertain > nomen dubium, name established for a larval shell)

Environment

marine

Fossil range

recent + fossil

Original description

Rafinesque, C. S. (1815). Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. [Book]. 1-224, (self-published) Palermo., available online at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98061z.r=rafinesque.langEN [details]

Taxonomic citation

MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23022 on 2023-05-30

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

db_admin

2009-03-28 21:19:53Z

changed

Gofas, Serge

2012-11-24 01:20:16Z

changed

Moretzsohn, Fabio

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree] [list species]

original description Rafinesque, C. S. (1815). Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. [Book]. 1-224, (self-published) Palermo., available online at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98061z.r=rafinesque.langEN [details]

basis of record Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1-2): 1-397. [20 July]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25127200 [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Burgess, C.M. (1970). The Living Cowries. AS Barnes and Co, Ltd. Cranbury, New Jersey. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Lorenz F. (2002) New worldwide cowries. Descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Schriften zur Malakozoologie aus dem Haus der Natur-Cismar 20: 1-292, pls 1-40. [details]

additional source Lorenz F. & Hubert A. (2000) A guide to worldwide cowries. Edition 2. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 584 pp. [details]

additional source Meyer, C. (2003). Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the Tropics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 79: 401-459. [details]

additional source Schilder, M. & Schilder, F. A. (1971) A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. A taxonomy and bibliography of Triviacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Mémoires, Deuxième Series, 85: 1-246 [details]

additional source Burgess C.M. (1985). Cowries of the world. Cape Town: Gordon Verhoef, Seacomber Publications. xiv + 289 pp. [details]

additional source Moretzsohn, F. (2014). Cypraeidae: How well-inventoried is the best-known seashell family?. American Malacological Bulletin. 32(2): 278-289., available online at https://doi.org/10.4003/006.032.0219
page(s): 278-289 [details]

additional source Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 644 pp. [details]

additional source Helfer, J. R. (1946). The classification of Cypraeidae. The Nautilus. 60(2): 49-53., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8523730 [details]

Present

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

From editor or global species database

Classification Alternative views on the classification of Cypraeidae range from uniting most of the species in the genus Cypraea (e.g. Ranson, 1967) to splitting in several subfamilies and dozens of genera (e.g. Schilder & Schilder, 1938 and subsequent papers) for less than 250 extant species). There is no doubt that the family has an old evolutionary history, dating back to the Jurassic, so that existing species are likely to show enough divergence so as to support some taxonomic splitting.
The classification of Lorenz (2002) largely coincides with that of Meyer (2003) based on molecular data, so that it was the basis for the classification in subfamilies in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).
Subfamilies are here listed as alternate representation and the genera are direct child taxa of the family Cypraeidae. [details]

Language	Name
English	cowries	[details]
German	PorzellanschneckenKaurischnecken	[details]
Japanese	タカラガイ科	[details]

To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To Genbank
To image gallery of Natural History Museum Rotterdam
To ITIS


Cypraeidae pattern ...

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Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815

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