WoRMS taxon details

Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815

23022 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:23022)

accepted
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  1. Subfamily [unassigned] Cypraeidae
    1. Subfamily Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815
      1. Tribe Cypraeini Rafinesque, 1815
        1. Genus Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758
        2. Genus Muracypraea Woodring, 1957
        3. Genus Cyprea [sic] accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
        4. Genus Pantherinaria Sacco, 1894 accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758 (junior subjective synonym)
        5. Genus Tigris Troschel, 1863 accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
        6. Genus Vulgusella Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Cypraea Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      2. Tribe Mauritiini W. R. Steadman & Cotton, 1946
        1. Genus Leporicypraea Iredale, 1930
        2. Genus Macrocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1930
        3. Genus Mauritia Troschel, 1863
        4. Genus Etronsa Jousseaume, 1886 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)
        5. Genus Maurina Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)
        6. Genus Mauxiena Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Mauritia Troschel, 1863 (junior objective synonym of Mauritia)
    2. Subfamily Cypraeovulinae F. A. Schilder, 1927
      1. Genus Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824
      2. Genus Notadusta F. A. Schilder, 1935
      3. Genus Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
      4. Genus Crossia Shikama, 1974 accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      5. Genus Cypraeova accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
      6. Genus Guttacypraea Iredale, 1935 accepted as Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
      7. Genus Luponia J. E. Gray, 1837 accepted as Cypraeovula J. E. Gray, 1824 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      8. Genus Thelxinovum Iredale, 1931 accepted as Notocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927 (unaccepted > junior homonym)
    3. Subfamily Erosariinae F. A. Schilder, 1924
      1. Genus Bouchetaria Castelin & Lorenz, 2024
      2. Genus Cryptocypraea C. Meyer, 2003
      3. Genus Monetaria Troschel, 1863
      4. Genus Naria J. E. Gray, 1837
      5. Genus Nucleolaria Oyama, 1959
      6. Genus Perisserosa Iredale, 1930
      7. Genus Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884
      8. Genus Albacypraea W. R. Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Naria J. E. Gray, 1837
      9. Genus Aricia J. E. Gray, 1837 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior homonym, of Aricia Savigny, 1822 [Polychaeta])
      10. Genus Brugnonia Jeffreys, 1883 accepted as Naria J. E. Gray, 1837
      11. Genus Cupinota Iredale, 1939 accepted as Purpuradusta F. A. Schilder, 1939 (nomen nudum)
      12. Genus Erosaria Troschel, 1863 accepted as Naria J. E. Gray, 1837
      13. Genus Eustaphylaea W. R. Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884
      14. Genus Nesyocypraea [sic] accepted as Nesiocypraea M. Azuma & Kurohara, 1967 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
      15. Genus Ornamentaria M. Schilder & F. A. Schilder, 1937 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863
      16. Genus Paulonaria Iredale, 1930 accepted as Naria J. E. Gray, 1837
      17. Genus Purperosa Iredale, 1935 accepted as Staphylaea Jousseaume, 1884 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      18. Genus Ravitrona Iredale, 1930 accepted as Monetaria Troschel, 1863
    4. Subfamily Erroneinae F. A. Schilder, 1927
      1. Tribe Bistolidini C. P. Meyer, 2003
        1. Genus Bistolida Cossmann, 1920
        2. Genus Bradneria L. Dolin, 2024
        3. Genus Cribrarula Strand, 1929
        4. Genus Ovatipsa Iredale, 1931
        5. Genus Palmadusta Iredale, 1930
        6. Genus Talostolida F. A. Schilder, 1939
        7. Genus Cribraria Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Cribrarula Strand, 1929 (Invalid: junior homonym of Cribraria Persoon, 1794 [Mycetozoa]; Cribrarula is a replacement name)
        8. Genus Derstolida Iredale, 1935 accepted as Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        9. Genus Evenaria Iredale, 1930 accepted as Palmadusta Iredale, 1930 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        10. Genus Nivigena Iredale, 1930 accepted as Cribrarula Strand, 1929
        11. Genus Stolida Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 (invalid: junior homonym of Stolida Lesson, 1832 [Aves]; Bistolida is a replacement name)
      2. Tribe Erroneini F. A. Schilder, 1927
        1. Genus Blasicrura Iredale, 1930
        2. Genus Contradusta C. Meyer, 2003
        3. Genus Eclogavena Iredale, 1930
        4. Genus Erronea Troschel, 1863
        5. Genus Ficadusta T. Habe & Kosuge, 1966
        6. Genus Melicerona Iredale, 1930
        7. Genus Palmulacypraea C. Meyer, 2003
        8. Genus Paradusta Lorenz, 2017
        9. Genus Purpuradusta F. A. Schilder, 1939
        10. Genus Ransoniella L. Dolin & Lozouet, 2005
        11. Genus Adusta Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        12. Genus Gratiadusta Iredale, 1930 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        13. Genus Ipserronea Iredale, 1935 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        14. Genus Opponaria Iredale, 1939 accepted as Purpuradusta F. A. Schilder, 1939 (nomen nudum)
        15. Genus Palangerosa Iredale, 1930 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        16. Genus Ransonia L. Dolin & Lozouet, 2004 accepted as Ransoniella L. Dolin & Lozouet, 2005 (Invalid: junior homonym of Ransonia Kramp, 1947 [Hydrozoa] and Ransonia Blandin, 1979 [Arachnida]; Ransoniella is a replacement name)
        17. Genus Solvadusta Iredale, 1935 accepted as Erronea Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      3. Tribe Hiraseadustini L. Dolin, 2024
        1. Genus Hiraseadusta Shikama, 1971
        2. Genus Austrasiatica Lorenz, 1989 accepted as Hiraseadusta Shikama, 1971 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    5. Subfamily Ipsinae Bergonzoni, 2026
      1. Genus Ipsa Jousseaume, 1884
    6. Subfamily Luriinae F. A. Schilder, 1932
      1. Tribe Austrocypraeini Iredale, 1935
        1. Genus Annepona Iredale, 1935
        2. Genus Arestorides Iredale, 1930
        3. Genus Austrocypraea Cossmann, 1903
        4. Genus Callistocypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
        5. Genus Chelycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
        6. Genus Lyncina Troschel, 1863
        7. Genus Miolyncina F. A. Schilder, 1939
        8. Genus Raybaudia Lorenz, 2017
        9. Genus Trona Jousseaume, 1884
        10. Genus Mystaponda Iredale, 1930 accepted as Lyncina Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        11. Genus Ponda Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Lyncina Troschel, 1863 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      2. Tribe Luriini F. A. Schilder, 1932
        1. Genus Luria Jousseaume, 1884
        2. Genus Talparia Troschel, 1863
        3. Genus Basilitrona Iredale, 1930 accepted as Luria Jousseaume, 1884
        4. Genus Tessellata Jousseaume, 1884 accepted as Luria (Tessellata) Jousseaume, 1884 represented as Luria Jousseaume, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    7. Subfamily Nesiocypraeinae Bergonzoni, 2026
      1. Genus Nesiocypraea M. Azuma & Kurohara, 1967
      2. Genus Kurodadusta Shikama, 1971 accepted as Nesiocypraea M. Azuma & Kurohara, 1967
    8. Subfamily Propustulariinae Bergonzoni, 2026
      1. Genus Propustularia F. A. Schilder, 1927
    9. Subfamily Pustulariinae T. Gill, 1871
      1. Genus Pustularia Swainson, 1840
      2. Tribe Cypraeovulini Schilder, 1927 accepted as Cypraeovulinae F. A. Schilder, 1927
      3. Genus Epona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Pustularia Swainson, 1840
      4. Tribe Pustulariini T. Gill, 1871 accepted as Pustulariinae T. Gill, 1871
    10. Subfamily Umbiliinae F. A. Schilder, 1932
      1. Genus Umbilia Jousseaume, 1884
    11. Subfamily Zoilinae Iredale, 1935
      1. Genus Barycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
      2. Genus Zoila Jousseaume, 1884
      3. Genus Afrozoila Fehse, 2016 accepted as Barycypraea F. A. Schilder, 1927
    12. Subfamily Zonariinae F. A. Schilder, 1932
      1. Tribe Pseudozonariini López-Soriano, 2006
        1. Genus Neobernaya F. A. Schilder, 1927
        2. Genus Pseudozonaria F. A. Schilder, 1927
        3. Genus Plaziatia L. Dolin & Lozouet, 2004 accepted as Pseudozonaria F. A. Schilder, 1927 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      2. Tribe Zonariini F. A. Schilder, 1932
        1. Genus Schilderina L. Dolin & Aguerre, 2020
        2. Genus Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884
        3. Genus Schilderia Tomlin, 1930 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    13. Subfamily Adustinae Cotton & W. R. Steadman, 1946 accepted as Erroneinae F. A. Schilder, 1927 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    14. Subfamily Mauritiinae W. R. Steadman & Cotton, 1946 accepted as Mauritiini W. R. Steadman & Cotton, 1946 (original rank)
    marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
    recent + fossil
    (of Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815) Rafinesque, C.S. (1815). <i>Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés</i>. Published by the author, Palermo. 224 pp. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310197
    page(s): 145; note: original spelling (subfamily) Cypridia [details] OpenAccess publication
    MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23022 on 2026-06-29
    Date
    action
    by
    2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
    created
    db_admin
    2009-03-28 21:19:53Z
    changed
    2012-11-24 01:20:16Z
    changed
    2026-02-15 07:54:01Z
    changed

    Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


    Nomenclature

    original description (of Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815) Rafinesque, C.S. (1815). <i>Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés</i>. Published by the author, Palermo. 224 pp. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310197
    page(s): 145; note: original spelling (subfamily) Cypridia [details] OpenAccess publication

    basis of record Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. <em>Malacologia.</em> 47 (1-2): 1-397. [20 July]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25127200 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    Other

    additional source Lorenz F. (2002) New worldwide cowries. Descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <i>Schriften zur Malakozoologie aus dem Haus der Natur-Cismar</i> 20: 1-292, pls 1-40. [details] 

    additional source Lorenz F. & Hubert A. (2000) A guide to worldwide cowries. Edition 2. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 584 pp. [details] 

    additional source Meyer, C. (2003). Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the Tropics. <em>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 79: 401-459., available online at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00197.x [details] 

    additional source Schilder, M.; Schilder, F. A. (1971). A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. A taxonomy and bibliography of Triviacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). <em>Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Mémoires, ser. 2.</em> 85: 1-246. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    additional source Burgess C.M. (1985). <i>Cowries of the world</i>. Cape Town: Gordon Verhoef, Seacomber Publications. xiv + 289 pp. [details] 

    additional source Moretzsohn, F. (2014). Cypraeidae: How well-inventoried is the best-known seashell family?. <em>American Malacological Bulletin.</em> 32(2): 278-289., available online at https://doi.org/10.4003/006.032.0219
    page(s): 278-289 [details] 

    additional source Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. <em>Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks.</em> 644 pp. [details] 

    additional source Helfer, J. R. (1946). The classification of Cypraeidae. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 60(2): 49-53., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8523730 [details] 

    additional source Burgess, C.M. (1970). The Living Cowries. AS Barnes and Co, Ltd. Cranbury, New Jersey. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

     
     Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
    From editor or global species database
    Classification Alternative views on the classification of Cypraeidae range from uniting most of the species in the genus Cypraea (e.g. Ranson, 1967) to splitting in several subfamilies and dozens of genera (e.g. Schilder & Schilder, 1938 and subsequent papers) for less than 250 extant species). There is no doubt that the family has an old evolutionary history, dating back to the Jurassic, so that existing species are likely to show enough divergence so as to support some taxonomic splitting.
    The classification of Lorenz (2002) largely coincides with that of Meyer (2003) based on molecular data, so that it was the basis for the classification in subfamilies in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).
    Subfamilies are here listed as alternate representation and the genera are direct child taxa of the family Cypraeidae.  [details]
        Definitions

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    LanguageName 
    English cowries  [details]
    German PorzellanschneckenKaurischnecken  [details]
    Japanese タカラガイ科  [details]