WoRMS taxon details
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
126983 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:126983)
accepted
Species
Arnion cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Ello cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766 · unaccepted
Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863 · unaccepted
Mugil cephalas Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted (misspelling)
Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836 · unaccepted
Mugil cephalus ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863 · unaccepted
Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted
Mugil cephalus rammelsbergi Tschudi, 1846 · unaccepted
Mugil crenilabis our Forsskål, 1775 · unaccepted
Mugil dobula Günther, 1861 · unaccepted
Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872 · unaccepted
Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879 · unaccepted
Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897 · unaccepted
Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845 · unaccepted
Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836 · unaccepted
Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876 · unaccepted
Mugil muelleri Klunzinger, 1879 · unaccepted (synonym)
Mugil mulleri Klunzinger, 1879 · unaccepted
Mugil mülleri Klunzinger, 1879 · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling
Mugil our Forsskål, 1775 · unaccepted
Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946 · unaccepted (synonym)
Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810 · unaccepted
Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846 · unaccepted (synonym)
Mugil tang Bloch, 1794 · unaccepted
Mugil vulpinus Nardo, 1847 · unaccepted
Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914 · unaccepted
Myxus caecutiens Günther, 1876 · unaccepted
Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900 · unaccepted
Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870 · unaccepted
- Subspecies Mugil cephalus ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863 accepted as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
- Subspecies Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
- Subspecies Mugil cephalus ramado Risso, 1827 accepted as Chelon ramada (Risso, 1827) (misspelling)
- Subspecies Mugil cephalus rammelsbergi Tschudi, 1846 accepted as Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 316 [details] Available for editors
[request]
(of Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 316 [details] Available for editors

(of Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors

Description Occurs at temperatures ranging from 8-24°C (Ref. 4944) in calm waters close to shore, around mouths of streams and inlets,...
Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil; Cape Cod to southern Gulf of Mexico; absent in the Bahamas and most of...
Description Occurs at temperatures ranging from 8-24°C (Ref. 4944) in calm waters close to shore, around mouths of streams and inlets, and brackish bays and harbors. Usually found in schools over sand or mud bottom (Ref. 2850). Mainly diurnal, feeds on zooplankton, benthic organisms and detritus. Also takes diatom algae and small invertebrates (Ref. 9072). Feeds occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9987). Can be used in aquaculture if stock is collected from the sea (Ref. 4967). Marketed fresh, dried,salted, and frozen; roe sold fresh or smoked (Ref. 9312). [details]
Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil; Cape Cod to southern Gulf of Mexico; absent in the Bahamas and most of...
Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil; Cape Cod to southern Gulf of Mexico; absent in the Bahamas and most of West Indies and Caribbean [details]
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2025). FishBase. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126983 on 2025-02-18
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original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 316 [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863) Bleeker, P. (1863). Mémoire sur les poissons de la côte de Guinée. <em>Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2).</em> v. 18 (1862): 1-136, Pls. 1-28.
page(s): 91, Pl. 19 (fig. 2) [details]
original description (of Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846) Tschudi, J. J. von. (1846). Ichthyologie. <em>. In: Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana. Scheitlin & Zollikofer, St. Gallen.</em> Pp. ii-xxx + 1-35, Pls. 1-6.1844-46, in 12 parts. [Parts 1-2 issued in 1844, 3-5 in 1845, 6-12 in 1846. Overall pp. 1-693. Fishes evidently all in 1846. [details]
original description (of Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766) Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5 [details]
original description (of Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836) Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. <em>Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes.</em> v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343. [details]
original description (of Mugil dobula Günther, 1861) Günther, A. (1861). Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gobiidae, Discoboli, Pediculati, Blenniidae, Labyrinthici, Mugilidae, Notacanthi. <em>London.</em> v. 3: i-xxv + 1-586 + i-x. [details]
original description (of Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879) Castelnau, F. L. (1879). Essay on the ichthyology of Port Jackson. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.</em> v. 3 (pt 4): 347-402.
page(s): 386 [details]
original description (of Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (1845). Pisces. <em>In: Siebold, P. F. de (ed.): Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam ... suscepto annis 1823-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de Siebold. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden] (A. Arnz et soc.).</em> Parts 7-9: 113-172, Pls. 1-143 + A. [details]
original description (of Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876) Steindachner, F. (1875). Ichthyologische Beiträge (III). Bemerkungen über Serranus nebulifer und S. clathratus sp. Gird. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> v. 72 (1. Abth.): 29-96, Pls. 1-8. [details]
original description (of Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836) Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. <em>Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes.</em> v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343. [details]
original description (of Mugil our Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059
page(s): 74, xiv [details]
original description (of Mugil tang Bloch, 1794) Bloch, M. E. (1794). Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. <em>Berlin.</em> v. 8. i-iv + 1-174, Pls. 361-396. [details]
original description (of Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810) Risso, A. (1810). Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du Département des Alpes Maritimes. <em>F. Schoell, Paris.</em> i-xxxvi + 1-388, Pls. 1-11., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7052
page(s): 346 [details]
original description (of Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900) Steindachner, F. (1900). Fische aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland, 1896-1897). <em>Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900): 174-178. [details]
original description (of Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]
context source (HKRMS) Hong Kong marine fish database. <em>AFCD.</em> , available online at https://www.hk-fish.net/en/fish/introduction/ [details]
context source (WoRCS) Kovačić, M.; Gerovasileiou, V.; Patzner, R. A. (2024). Fishes in Marine Caves. <em>Fishes.</em> 9(6): 243., available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/6/243 [details] Available for editors
[request]
context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
context source (PeRMS) Chirichigno, N.; Cornejo, M. (2001). Catálogo comentado de los peces marinos del Perú. <em>2ª ed. Instituto del Mar de Perú. Publicación Especial. Callao.</em> 314 p. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Scott, W.B.; Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic fishes of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> No. 219. 731 pp. [details]
additional source Welshman, D.; Kohler, S; Black, J.; and L. Van Guelpen. (2003). An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 431-554. [details]
additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2025). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2024., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2025). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (06/2024)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
ecology source Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]
page(s): 316 [details] Available for editors

original description (of Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863) Bleeker, P. (1863). Mémoire sur les poissons de la côte de Guinée. <em>Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2).</em> v. 18 (1862): 1-136, Pls. 1-28.
page(s): 91, Pl. 19 (fig. 2) [details]
original description (of Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846) Tschudi, J. J. von. (1846). Ichthyologie. <em>. In: Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana. Scheitlin & Zollikofer, St. Gallen.</em> Pp. ii-xxx + 1-35, Pls. 1-6.1844-46, in 12 parts. [Parts 1-2 issued in 1844, 3-5 in 1845, 6-12 in 1846. Overall pp. 1-693. Fishes evidently all in 1846. [details]
original description (of Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766) Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5 [details]
original description (of Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836) Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. <em>Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes.</em> v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343. [details]
original description (of Mugil dobula Günther, 1861) Günther, A. (1861). Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gobiidae, Discoboli, Pediculati, Blenniidae, Labyrinthici, Mugilidae, Notacanthi. <em>London.</em> v. 3: i-xxv + 1-586 + i-x. [details]
original description (of Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879) Castelnau, F. L. (1879). Essay on the ichthyology of Port Jackson. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.</em> v. 3 (pt 4): 347-402.
page(s): 386 [details]
original description (of Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) Temminck, C. J.; Schlegel, H. (1845). Pisces. <em>In: Siebold, P. F. de (ed.): Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam ... suscepto annis 1823-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr. de Siebold. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden] (A. Arnz et soc.).</em> Parts 7-9: 113-172, Pls. 1-143 + A. [details]
original description (of Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876) Steindachner, F. (1875). Ichthyologische Beiträge (III). Bemerkungen über Serranus nebulifer und S. clathratus sp. Gird. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> v. 72 (1. Abth.): 29-96, Pls. 1-8. [details]
original description (of Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836) Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. <em>Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes.</em> v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343. [details]
original description (of Mugil our Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059
page(s): 74, xiv [details]
original description (of Mugil tang Bloch, 1794) Bloch, M. E. (1794). Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. <em>Berlin.</em> v. 8. i-iv + 1-174, Pls. 361-396. [details]
original description (of Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810) Risso, A. (1810). Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du Département des Alpes Maritimes. <em>F. Schoell, Paris.</em> i-xxxvi + 1-388, Pls. 1-11., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7052
page(s): 346 [details]
original description (of Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900) Steindachner, F. (1900). Fische aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland, 1896-1897). <em>Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900): 174-178. [details]
original description (of Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors

context source (HKRMS) Hong Kong marine fish database. <em>AFCD.</em> , available online at https://www.hk-fish.net/en/fish/introduction/ [details]
context source (WoRCS) Kovačić, M.; Gerovasileiou, V.; Patzner, R. A. (2024). Fishes in Marine Caves. <em>Fishes.</em> 9(6): 243., available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/6/243 [details] Available for editors

context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
context source (PeRMS) Chirichigno, N.; Cornejo, M. (2001). Catálogo comentado de los peces marinos del Perú. <em>2ª ed. Instituto del Mar de Perú. Publicación Especial. Callao.</em> 314 p. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Scott, W.B.; Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic fishes of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> No. 219. 731 pp. [details]
additional source Welshman, D.; Kohler, S; Black, J.; and L. Van Guelpen. (2003). An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 431-554. [details]
additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

additional source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2025). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2024., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2025). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (06/2024)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
ecology source Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]





Unreviewed
Description Occurs at temperatures ranging from 8-24°C (Ref. 4944) in calm waters close to shore, around mouths of streams and inlets, and brackish bays and harbors. Usually found in schools over sand or mud bottom (Ref. 2850). Mainly diurnal, feeds on zooplankton, benthic organisms and detritus. Also takes diatom algae and small invertebrates (Ref. 9072). Feeds occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9987). Can be used in aquaculture if stock is collected from the sea (Ref. 4967). Marketed fresh, dried,salted, and frozen; roe sold fresh or smoked (Ref. 9312). [details]Diet Feeds on zooplankton, benthic organisms, detritus [details]
Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil; Cape Cod to southern Gulf of Mexico; absent in the Bahamas and most of West Indies and Caribbean [details]
Habitat Occasionally found in Canadian Atlantic waters. Coastal species, found to depths of 120 m and often enter estuaries and rivers. [details]
Habitat nektonic [details]
Importance Social- Highly commercial, aquaculture, gamefish [details]
Reproduction Spawns in the sea from July to October, scatters 5- 7 million eggs into the open water/ substratum [details]
Language | Name | |
---|---|---|
Albanian | qefulli i verësgushtakucumricumraku | [details] |
Basque | lazunakorrokoi bizkarbeltz | [details] |
Breton | meilh bihen | [details] |
Catalan | llissa llobarrera | [details] |
Corsican | muzarumazzardu | [details] |
Dutch | hardergrootkopharder | [details] |
English | striped mulletgrey mulletflathead mulletflathead grey mullet | [details] |
French | petit mulet grismulet cabotmulet à grosse têtemuge cephalemugemeuille | [details] |
German | Großkopfmeeräschegroßkopf Meeräsche | [details] |
Hebrew | קיפון גדול-ראשקיפון בורי | [details] |
Italian | cefalo | [details] |
Japanese | ボラ [from synonym]カラスミボラ [from synonym] | [details] |
Lithuanian | didžiagalvė kefalė | [details] |
Modern Greek (1453-) | Κέφαλος | [details] |
Polish | cefal pospolity | [details] |
Portuguese | tainha-olhalvomugemfatacacurimã | [details] |
Romanian | chefal | [details] |
Russian | черная кефальлобанКефаль лобан | [details] |
Slovenian | glavati cipelj | [details] |
Spanish | pardetemújollisa rayada | [details] |
Turkish | has kefal | [details] |
Ukrainian | Кефаль-лобанКефаль лобань | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (614 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Mugil mulleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (110 publications) (from synonym Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (13 publications) (from synonym Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (16 publications) (from synonym Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (17 publications) (from synonym Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (18 publications) (from synonym Mugil tang Bloch, 1794)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (26 publications) (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (45 publications) (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (62 publications) (from synonym Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (620 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (63 publications) (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil ashanteensis) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil cephalus cephalus) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil cephalus)
To FAO Cultured Aquatic species fact sheets
To FAO Species fact sheets
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus rammelsbergi Tschudi, 1846)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil crenilabis our Forsskål, 1775)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalas Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Fishbase (from synonym Arnion cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Fishbase (from synonym Ello cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil tang Bloch, 1794)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil vulpinus Nardo, 1847)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus caecutiens Günther, 1876)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil muelleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil mulleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil our Forsskål, 1775)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810)
To FishBase images (Mugil cephalus, Ryukyu Is., by Randall, J.E.)
To FishSounds
To GenBank (1 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins) (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins) (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To GenBank (8 nucleotides; 5 proteins) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To NHMUK collection (Mugil dobula Günther, 1861; SYNTYPE(S); NHMUK:ecatalogue:2577333) (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil cephalus USNM 405775 photograph lateral view)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil cephalus USNM 407402 photograph lateral view)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil peruanus P13525 illustration) (from synonym Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946)
To PESI
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Mugil mulleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (110 publications) (from synonym Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (13 publications) (from synonym Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (16 publications) (from synonym Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (17 publications) (from synonym Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (18 publications) (from synonym Mugil tang Bloch, 1794)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (26 publications) (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (45 publications) (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (62 publications) (from synonym Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (620 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (63 publications) (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil ashanteensis) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil cephalus cephalus) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Mugil cephalus)
To FAO Cultured Aquatic species fact sheets
To FAO Species fact sheets
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil albula Linnaeus, 1766)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil rammelsbergii Tschudi, 1846)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil grandis Castelnau, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, 1897)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus rammelsbergi Tschudi, 1846)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil crenilabis our Forsskål, 1775)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalas Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Fishbase (from synonym Arnion cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Fishbase (from synonym Ello cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil tang Bloch, 1794)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil vulpinus Nardo, 1847)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus barnardi Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus superficialis Klunzinger, 1870)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus caecutiens Günther, 1876)
To FishBase (from synonym Myxus pacificus Steindachner, 1900)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil mexicanus Steindachner, 1876)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, 1872)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil lineatus Valenciennes, 1836)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil muelleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil mulleri Klunzinger, 1879)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil our Forsskål, 1775)
To FishBase (from synonym Mugil provensalis Risso, 1810)
To FishBase images (Mugil cephalus, Ryukyu Is., by Randall, J.E.)
To FishSounds
To GenBank (1 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins) (from synonym Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
To GenBank (51065 nucleotides; 46300 proteins) (from synonym Mugil cephalotus Valenciennes, 1836)
To GenBank (8 nucleotides; 5 proteins) (from synonym Mugil ashanteensis Bleeker, 1863)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To NHMUK collection (Mugil dobula Günther, 1861; SYNTYPE(S); NHMUK:ecatalogue:2577333) (from synonym Mugil dobula Günther, 1861)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil cephalus USNM 405775 photograph lateral view)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil cephalus USNM 407402 photograph lateral view)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Mugil peruanus P13525 illustration) (from synonym Mugil peruanus Hildebrand, 1946)
To PESI
To ITIS