Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1885). On a new Pennatulid from the Japanese Sea. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1885: 512-518, plates 30-31., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28697513[details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Echinoptilum macintoshi Hubrecht, 1885. Accessed through: Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2025) Chinese Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287982 on 2026-08-12
Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2026). Chinese Register of Marine Species. Echinoptilum macintoshi Hubrecht, 1885. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287982 on 2026-08-12
original descriptionHubrecht, A.A.W. (1885). On a new Pennatulid from the Japanese Sea. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1885: 512-518, plates 30-31., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28697513[details]
context source (Hexacorallia)Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of recordG.C. Williams and J. van der Land (eds), update 2004-2007, as a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceLiu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional sourceWilliams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 51(2): 19-103. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 35 [details]
additional sourceWilliams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114 page(s): 28, 37, 39, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 110, 113 [details]
additional sourceNutting, C.C. (1912). Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer "Albatross," mainly in Japanese waters, during 1906. <em>Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum.</em> 43:1-104, plates 1-21., available online athttps://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7722925 page(s): 48 [details]
additional sourceUtinomi, H. (1961). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. Part 2, Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 9(1): 197-228., available online athttps://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/174656 page(s): 221 [details]
additional sourceSong, J. I.; Lee, I. (1998). Fauna of the anthozoans from adjacent waters of Geojedo Island in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 14(3): 229-242 page(s): 233 [details]
additional sourceRho, B. J.; Song, J. I. (1976). A study on the classification of the Korean Anthozoa 1. Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. Journal of Korean Research Institute for Better Living, 17, 71-92 page(s): 73, 78-79, 83, 85, Pl. 4 [details]
additional sourceImahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101 page(s): 100 [details]
additional sourceImahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44 page(s): 35 [details]
additional sourceWilliams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. page(s): 380, 393, 397 [details] Available for editors
additional sourceWilliams G.C. (1995). Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, pp. 93-140., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00929.x page(s): 107 [details]
additional sourceWilliams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality