(of)Leach, W. E. (1814-1817). Zoological miscellany: being descriptions of new or interesting animals. <em>London.</em> Vol. 1</i> [1814]. Vol. 2 [1815], Vol. 3 [1817]., available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180 page(s): 98; pl. 43 [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814). Accessed through: Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2026) Chinese Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140890 on 2026-09-26
Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2026). Chinese Register of Marine Species. Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140890 on 2026-09-26
original description(of)Leach, W. E. (1814-1817). Zoological miscellany: being descriptions of new or interesting animals. <em>London.</em> Vol. 1</i> [1814]. Vol. 2 [1815], Vol. 3 [1817]., available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91180 page(s): 98; pl. 43 [details]
context source (Introduced species)Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS), available online athttps://doi.org/10.1201/9781420037449.ch8[details] Available for editors
basis of recordGofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online athttp://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf[details]
additional sourceAlmatar, S. M., Carpenter, K. E., Jackson, R., Alhazeem, S. H., Alsaffar, A. H., Ghaffar, A. R. A., & Carpenter, C. (1993). Observations on the pearl oyster fishery of Kuwait. <em>Journal of Shellfish research, 12(1).</em> 12(1): 35-40., available online athttp://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=biology_fac_pubs[details] Available for editors
additional sourceCunha R.L., Blanc F., Bonhomme F. & Arnaud-Haond S. (2011) Evolutionary patterns in pearl oysters of the genus <i>Pinctada</i> (Bivalvia: Pteriidae). <i>Marine Biotechnology</i> 13: 181–192., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9278-y[details]
additional sourceGarzia, M.; Doneddu, M.; Giacobbe, S.; Salvi, D.; Trainito, E.; Mariottini, P. (2024). Molecular and morphological data provide evidence for only one alien species of pearl oyster in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 88(2): e085 (11 pp.)., available online athttps://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05432.085 note: rebuttal of the alleged presence of Pinctada fucata in the Mediterranean [details]
additional sourceOcchipinti-Ambrogi, A., A. Marchini, G. Cantone, A. Castelli, C. Chimenz, M. Cormaci, C. Froglia, G. Furnari, M.C. Gambi, G. Giaccone, A. Giangrande, C. Gravil, F. Mastrototaro, C. Mazziotti, L. Orsi-Relini & S. Piraino. (2010). Alien species along the Italian coasts: an overview. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 13(1): 215-237., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9803-y[details] Available for editors
additional sourceScuderi, D.; Balistreri, P.; Germanà, A. (2019). Are <i>Pinctada radiata</i> (Leach, 1814) and <i>Pinctada fucata</i> (Gould, 1850) (Bivalvia Pteriidae) only synonyms or really different species? The case of some Mediterranean populations. <em>Biodiversity Journal.</em> 10(4): 415-426., available online athttps://doi.org/10.31396/biodiv.jour.2019.10.4.415.426[details]
additional sourceWronski, T. (2010). The molluscan bio-fouling community on the Red Sea pearl oyster beds. <em>Zoology in the Middle East.</em> 51(1): 67-73., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2010.10638442[details] Available for editors
additional sourceZamouri-Langar, N.; Chouba, L.; Ajjabi Chebil, L.; Mrabet, R.; El Abed, A. (2011). Les coquillages bivalves des côtes tunisiennes. Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer: Salammbô. ISBN 978-9938-9512-0-2. 128 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceZenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online athttps://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87[details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality