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Polychaeta taxon details

Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780) 
AphiaID: 130603

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Annelida (Phylum) > Polychaeta (Class) > Aciculata (Subclass) > Phyllodocida (Order) > Aphroditiformia (Suborder) > Pholoidae (Family) > Pholoe (Genus)
Status accepted
Record
status
 Checked by Taxonomic Editor
Rank Species
Parent Pholoe Johnston, 1839
Synonymised
taxa
  Aphrodita minuta Fabricius, 1780 (basionym)
Palmyra ocellata Johnston, 1827 (subjective synonym)
Pholoe eximia Johnston, 1865 (subjective synonym)
Pholoe minuta eximia Johnson, 1839 (objective synonym)
Pholoe synophthalmica dinardensis Saint Joseph, 1888 (subjective synonym)
Polynoe minuta Castelnau, 1842 (subjective synonym)
Sigalion ocellatum Bobretzky, 1868 (subjective synonym)
Sources  original description: Fabricius, Otto 1780. [POLYCHAETA & ANNELIDA DATA. p.266-315; 374-384] Fauna Groenlandica, systematice sistens, Animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata, quoad nomen specificum, triviale, vernaculumque synonyma auctorum plurium, descriptionem, locum, victum, generationem, mores, usum, capturamque singuli prout detegendi occasio fuit, maximaque parte secundum proprias observationes: Hafniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13489 [details]

basis of record: Hartman, Olga 1959. Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Parts 1 and 2. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 23: 628pp. [details]

basis of record: Malmgren, A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm, 22(1): 51-110. [details]

basis of record: Malmgren, A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm, 22(3): 355-410. [details]

basis of record: McIntosh, W.C. 1900. A monograph of British Annelids. vol.1. pt.2. Polychaeta Amphinomidae to Sigalionidae. Ray Society of London, 1(l2): 215-442. [details]

basis of record: Örsted, Anders Sandoe 1843. Grönlands Annulata dorsibranchiata. Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs. Naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger, 10 (series 4): 153-216. 8 plates, available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48424#page/287/mode/1up [details]

basis of record: Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 214-231 (look up in IMIS[details]

basis of record: Day, J.H. (1967). Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 1. Errantia. British Museum (Natural History), London. 458 & xxix pp. [details]

additional source: Fauchald, Kristian (2007). World Register of Polychaeta, available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/polychaeta [details]

additional source: Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA) Science Series 28:1-188, available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]

additional source: ITIS database, available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source: Petersen, M.E. (1998). Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae) from northern Europe: a key and notes on the nearshore species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 78(4): 1373-1376 (look up in IMIS[details]

additional source: Brunel, P., Bosse, L. & Lamarche, G. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126. 405 p. (look up in IMIS[details]

additional source: Pettibone, M.H. 1952 MS. Checklist of Polychaeta of New England region. 32 p. [details]

additional source: Trott, T.J. 2004. Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 2): 261 - 324. [details]

additional source: Fauchald, K., A. Granados-Barba, and V. Solís-Weiss. 2009. Polychaeta (Annelida) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 751–788 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]

from synonym: Johnston, George 1827. Contributions to the British Fauna. The Zoological Journal 3: 321-336., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/39584 [details] [view taxon]

from synonym: Watson Russell, Charlotte 1989. Revision of Palmyra Savigny (Polychaeta: Aphroditidae) and redescription of Palmyra aurifera. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 6(1): 35-53.
page(s): 44 [details] [view taxon]


from synonym: Potts, F.A. 1910. Polychaeta of the Indian Ocean. Pt. 2. The Palmyridae, Aphroditidae, Polynoidae, Acoetidae and Sigalionidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Ser. 2, 16: 325-353. [details] [view taxon]

from synonym: Castelnau, F. L. de Laporte de, 1842. L'Histoire naturelle des Annélides. p.1-46, pls.1-7, in P.H. Lucas ed., Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. 1. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Myriopodes: Paris. 600 pp., 46 pls. [details] [view taxon]

from synonym: Johnston, George. 1865. A catalogue of the British non-parasitical worms in the collection of the British Museum. 1-365. British Museum. London. [See also separate entry for Baird supplement], available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/12291 [details] [view taxon]

from synonym: Bobretsky, N. 1868. [The Chaetopoda of the Bay of Sebastopol]. Verhandlunger der Naturforschender Versammlung, St.Petersburg, Ser. Zoologie, 1868: 137-160. [details] [view taxon]

from synonym: Saint-Joseph, Antoine de 1888. Les Annélides polychètes des côtes de Dinard, pt. 2. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris, 5: 141-338,plates6. [details] [view taxon]

Direct child
taxa

[show all]
 Subspecies Pholoe minuta caeca Uschakov, 1950
Subspecies Pholoe minuta tecta (Stimpson, 1854)

Subspecies Pholoe minuta anoculata Hartman, 1965 accepted as Pholoe anoculata Hartman, 1965
Subspecies Pholoe minuta eximia Johnson, 1839 accepted as Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780)
Subspecies Pholoe minuta hirsuta Rullier & Amoureux, 1979 accepted as Taylorpholoe hirsuta (Rullier & Amoureux, 1979)
Subspecies Pholoe minuta nana Zachs, 1923 accepted as Pholoe minuta tecta (Stimpson, 1854)
Environment marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Fossil range recent only
Distribution Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Cobscook Bay [details]
European waters (ERMS scope) [details]
Greek Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Gulf of Maine [details]
Gulf of Mexico [details]
Irish Exclusive economic Zone [details]
Manicouagan [details]
North East Atlantic [details]
North Sea [details]
North West Atlantic [details]
Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Red Sea [details]
Saint Lawrence River [details]
Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

Feedingtypes  omnivore [details]
predator [details]
scavenger [details]
Links To Antarctic Invertebrates
To Barcode of Life (37 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (105 publications)
To Encyclopedia of Life
To GenBank (31 nucleotides; 30 proteins)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Annelid Collection
To ITIS
Notes  Biology: Reproduction takes place in spring and summer. The species has planktonic larvae. P. minuta is considered to be an opportunistic species that prefers to colonize newly available habitats, thereby taking advantage of a relatively fast growth.


All members of the family Sigalionidae, including this species, are active, free-living predators taking a variety of small invertebrates (Hartmann-Schröder, 1971; Wolff, 1973; Curtis, 1977; Fauchald & Jumars, 1979; Bosselmann, 1991). [details]

Description: A small bristle worm, usually not larger than 10 mm. The body is flat, elongated and covered with soft scales (elytra) on the dorsal side. The head has four small eyes and one median antenna. Its colour ranges from colourless, flesh colour, greenish to black; the elytra are brownish speckled. [details]

Distribution: In the 1976-1986 period Pholoe minuta was found across the entire Belgian part of the North Sea with a low frequency of occurrence. In the 1994-2001 period this wide distribution was limited to especially the western near-coastal zone, which was characterised by a relatively high frequency of occurrence. The density of P. minuta during both periods was relatively low (maximum 100 ind./m2). [details]

Distribution: The distribution of P. minuta in the area comprises the brackish waters of the Delta area and the Wadden Sea, the coastal zone and the Oyster Ground, where the species is quite abundant. lt is absent from the clean sandy substrates in a large part of the Southern Bight. [details]

Distribution: Arctic; Iceland, Norway to France; Labrador to Long Island Sound, Bering Sea to Central California, n. Japan Sea [details]

Habitat: intertidal, bathyal, infralittoral and circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details]

HabitatP. minuta prefers to live in very fine sand with more than 10% mud. It is also recorded from under stones, among old shells, in empty tubes of Sabellaria spinulosa and in black anoxic mud (Hartmann-Schröder, 1971; Hayward & Ryland, 1990). [details]

HabitatPholoe minuta is found in sediments with a median grain size ranging from 100 to 500 μm, but displays a slight preference for fine-grained sediments (100 to 250 μm). However, the relative occurrence of the species remains low at all times (< 20%). With regard to the mud content the P. minuta displays a clear preference for sediments with a mud content up to 50%. [details]

Habitat: Known from the nearshore. [details]

Morphology: A small species, usually not more than 1 cm long. The body is flat, oblong and on the dorsal side covered with soft scales (elytra). In contrast to Harmothoe species the elytra leave the mid-dorsal part of the body free. The head bears four small eyes and one median antenna. The 40-60 elytra show concentric rings. The worm is black and pale pink, the elytra speckled with rusty brown (Hartmann-Schröder, 1971; Hayward & Ryland, 1990). [details]

Taxonomy: this species does NOT !! occur in European waters; misidentification with several other Pholoe species possible (cf. Petersen 1998)) (R. Barnich) [details]

Image 
Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780)
Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780)
added on 2006-06-07 - author: Hans Hillewaert
qualitystatus: not checked
LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:130603
Taxonomic
Edit history
 
Date   action   by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z  created  Bellan, Gérard
2007-01-24 08:43:46Z  checked  Barnich, Ruth
2008-03-26 11:36:43Z  changed  Fauchald, Kristian
  
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  Citation: Fauchald, K.; Bellan, G. (2013). Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780). In: Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2013) World Polychaeta database. Accessed through: Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2013) World Polychaeta database at http://www.marinespecies.org/polychaeta/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=130603 on 2013-05-25