Stephen, A. C., Edmonds, S. J. (1972). The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. page(s): 77; note: Erected for Golfingia, Onchnesoma, Nephasoma, Phascolion, Themiste [details]
Read, G.; Saiz-Salinas, J. (2025). World Sipuncula Database. Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972. Accessed through: Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2025) Chinese Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2032 on 2026-06-30
Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2026). Chinese Register of Marine Species. Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972. Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2032 on 2026-06-30
original descriptionStephen, A. C., Edmonds, S. J. (1972). The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. page(s): 77; note: Erected for Golfingia, Onchnesoma, Nephasoma, Phascolion, Themiste [details]
original description(ofPhascolionidae Cutler & Gibbs, 1985)Cutler, Edward B.; Gibbs, Peter E. (1985). A phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa In the phylum Sipuncula. <em>Systematic Zoology.</em> 34(2): 162-173., available online athttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2413324 page(s): 163; note: As a family for Phascolion and Onchnesoma. [details] Available for editors
original description(ofThemistidae Cutler & Gibbs, 1985)Cutler, Edward B.; Gibbs, Peter E. (1985). A phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa In the phylum Sipuncula. <em>Systematic Zoology.</em> 34(2): 162-173., available online athttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2413324 page(s): 163; note: "with the characters of the type (and only) genus Themiste" [details] Available for editors
basis of recordHayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS), available online athttps://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198573562.001.0001[details] Available for editors
additional sourceSchulze, A.; Boyle, M. J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Kerbl, A.; Worsaae, K. (2019). Sipuncula. Lobatocerebridae. <em>[Book chapter].</em> Chapter 6, p177-216 In: Handbook of Zoology [Annelida. Basal groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria 1], edited by G. Purschke, M. Böggemann and W. Westheide. De Gruyter., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291582-006[details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality