WoRMS taxon details
Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
105913 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:105913)
accepted
Species
Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810 · unaccepted
Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825 · unaccepted
Spinax linnei Malm, 1877 · unaccepted
Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816 · unaccepted
Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835 · unaccepted
Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825 · unaccepted (synonym)
Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788 · unaccepted
Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors 
[request]
[request]
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2026). FishBase. Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105913 on 2026-07-30
Date
action
by
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Nomenclature
original description
(of Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810) Rafinesque, C. S. (1810). Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. <em>Per le stampe di Sanfilippo: Palermo, Italy.</em> Part 1 involves fishes, pp. [i-iv] 3-69 [70 blank], Part 2 with slightly different title, pp. ia-iva + 71-105 [106 blank]). Pls. 1-20., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47825964 [details] 
original description (of Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788) Broussonet, P. M. A. (1785). Suite du mémoire sur les différentes espèces de chiens de mer. <em>Observations sur la Physique, sur l'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, Paris.</em> 26: 120-131. [details]
original description (of Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825) Reinhardt, J. C. H. (1825). Ichthyologiske bidrag. <em>In: H. C. Örsted. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn).</em> 1824-25: i-xxxv. [details]
original description (of Spinax linnei Malm, 1877) Malm, A. W. (1877). Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, ryggradsdjuren. <em>Göteborg Handelstidning Akteriolags Tryckeri Göteborg.</em> 1-674, Pls. 1-9., available online at https://books.google.be/books?id=Y7ctAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-PT&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false [details]
original description (of Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816) Cloquet, H. (1816-30). Pisces accounts. <em>In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles.</em> Volumes 1-60. [Initials after accounts correspond to authors given in Vol. 1; fish accounts by Lacepède (L. L.), Duméril (C. D.), Daudin (F. M. D.) and Cloquet (H. C.)]. [Dates for volumes are given by Cassini 1834, Opuscles Phytologiques, p. 47.]. [details]
original description (of Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835) De la Pylaie. (1835). Recherches, en France, sur les poissons de l'Océan, pendant les années 1832 et 1833. <em>Mem. Congr. Sci. France, 2nd Sess., Poitiers, 1834. Rouen.</em> 524-534., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2740#/summary [details]
original description (of Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825) Blainville, H. de. (1825). Vertébrés. Class V. Poissons. In: A. G. Desmarest, H. de Blainville, C. Prévost, A. Serville and L. Saint-Fargau (eds.): Faune Française, ou histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des animaux qui se trouvent en France, .... Plassan, Paris, 1820-1830. Livr. 13 & 14: 1-96, Pls. 1-24., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49444 [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
original description (of Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788) Broussonet, P. M. A. (1785). Suite du mémoire sur les différentes espèces de chiens de mer. <em>Observations sur la Physique, sur l'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, Paris.</em> 26: 120-131. [details]
original description (of Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825) Reinhardt, J. C. H. (1825). Ichthyologiske bidrag. <em>In: H. C. Örsted. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn).</em> 1824-25: i-xxxv. [details]
original description (of Spinax linnei Malm, 1877) Malm, A. W. (1877). Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, ryggradsdjuren. <em>Göteborg Handelstidning Akteriolags Tryckeri Göteborg.</em> 1-674, Pls. 1-9., available online at https://books.google.be/books?id=Y7ctAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-PT&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false [details]
original description (of Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816) Cloquet, H. (1816-30). Pisces accounts. <em>In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles.</em> Volumes 1-60. [Initials after accounts correspond to authors given in Vol. 1; fish accounts by Lacepède (L. L.), Duméril (C. D.), Daudin (F. M. D.) and Cloquet (H. C.)]. [Dates for volumes are given by Cassini 1834, Opuscles Phytologiques, p. 47.]. [details]
original description (of Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835) De la Pylaie. (1835). Recherches, en France, sur les poissons de l'Océan, pendant les années 1832 et 1833. <em>Mem. Congr. Sci. France, 2nd Sess., Poitiers, 1834. Rouen.</em> 524-534., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2740#/summary [details]
original description (of Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825) Blainville, H. de. (1825). Vertébrés. Class V. Poissons. In: A. G. Desmarest, H. de Blainville, C. Prévost, A. Serville and L. Saint-Fargau (eds.): Faune Française, ou histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des animaux qui se trouvent en France, .... Plassan, Paris, 1820-1830. Livr. 13 & 14: 1-96, Pls. 1-24., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49444 [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
Ecology
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]
Other
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | peshkaqeni barkzi | [details] |
| Danish | sorthaj | [details] |
| Dutch | donkerbuiklantaarnhaai | [details] |
| English | velvet-bellyvelvet belly | [details] |
| French | sagre communsagre commum | [details] |
| German | kleiner schwarzer Dornhai | [details] |
| Hebrew | קוצן קטיפתי | [details] |
| Lithuanian | naktinis juodasis dygliaryklis | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Μαυροαγκαθίτης | [details] |
| Norwegian Bokmål | svarthå | [details] |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | svarthå | [details] |
| Polish | kolczak czarny | [details] |
| Russian | акула колючая чёрная | [details] |
| Spanish | negrito | [details] |
| Swedish | blåkäxa | [details] |
| Turkish | siyah köpekbalığısiyah kopekbaligisiyah camgözsiyah camgoz | [details] |
| Ukrainian | Чорна колюча акулаАкула колюча чорна | [details] |
| Welsh | morgi seithliw | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (54 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (15 publications) (from synonym Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (22 publications) (from synonym Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (26 publications) (from synonym Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (304 publications) (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (57 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (76 publications) (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Etmopterus spinax)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax linnei Malm, 1877)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To FishBase (from synonym Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835)
To GenBank (363 nucleotides; 82 proteins)
To GenBank (363 nucleotides; 82 proteins) (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Vulnerable)
To NHMUK collection (Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816; NHMUK:ecatalogue:3125682) (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Etmopterus spinax RAD100084-001)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Etmopterus spinax RAD100084-001)
To PESI
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (15 publications) (from synonym Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (22 publications) (from synonym Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (26 publications) (from synonym Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (304 publications) (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (57 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (76 publications) (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Etmopterus spinax)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus niger Broussonet, 1788)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax linnei Malm, 1877)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To FishBase (from synonym Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque, 1810)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax gunneri Reinhardt, 1825)
To FishBase (from synonym Squalus infernus Blainville, 1825)
To FishBase (from synonym Spinax vitulinus de la Pylaie, 1835)
To GenBank (363 nucleotides; 82 proteins)
To GenBank (363 nucleotides; 82 proteins) (from synonym Squalus spinax Linnaeus, 1758)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Vulnerable)
To NHMUK collection (Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816; NHMUK:ecatalogue:3125682) (from synonym Spinax niger Cloquet, 1816)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Etmopterus spinax RAD100084-001)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Etmopterus spinax RAD100084-001)
To PESI
To ITIS
Unreviewed
