WoRMS taxon details
Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
101141 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:101141)
accepted
Species
Krakenella greenlandica (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 · unaccepted > superseded combination
Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
marine
Higgins, R. P.; Kristensen, R. M. (1988). Kinorhyncha from Disko Island, West Greenland. <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 458: 1-56., available online at https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/5536/SCtZ-0458-Lo_res.pdf?sequence= [details] Available for editors 
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Holotype USNM 233247, geounit Disko Island
Holotype USNM 233247, geounit Disko Island [details]
Etymology The name of this species is derived from its place of discovery, Greenland.
Etymology The name of this species is derived from its place of discovery, Greenland. [details]
Neuhaus, B.; Sánchez Santos, N. (2026). World Kinorhyncha Database. Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101141 on 2026-03-22
Date
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Nomenclature
original description
Higgins, R. P.; Kristensen, R. M. (1988). Kinorhyncha from Disko Island, West Greenland. <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 458: 1-56., available online at https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/5536/SCtZ-0458-Lo_res.pdf?sequence= [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) Sørensen, M. V.; Grzelak, K. (2018). New mud dragons from Svalbard: three new species of Cristaphyes and the first Arctic species of Pycnophyes (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae). <em>PeerJ.</em> 6, e5653: 1-48., available online at https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5653
note: The source says: Published 28 September 2018. Description: pp. 32-40, figs 13-15, tabs 8-9. [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record Neuhaus, B.; van der Land, J. (2001). Cephalorhyncha (=Loricifera, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Nematomorpha), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 159-160 (look up in IMIS) [details]
new combination reference Sánchez, N.; Yamasaki, H.; Pardos, F.; Sørensen, M. V.; Martínez, A. (2016). Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae). <em>Cladistics.</em> 32(5): 479-505., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12143 [details] Available for editors [request]
new combination reference Sørensen, M. V.; Zalewska, A.; Grzelak, K. (2026). Integrative studies of the Greenlandic kinorhynchs <i>Krakenella greenlandica</i> and <i>Cristaphyes cryopygus</i> (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae) indicate conspecificity with species from Svalbard. <em>Systematics and Biodiversity.</em> 24(1):2597249, 1-36., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2025.2597249
page(s): 18-31; note: Synonymy Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988, pp. 47–53; figures 134–167. Pycnophyes greenlandicus—Kristensen & Higgins, 1991; Neuhaus, 1995, 1997, 2013; Adrianov & Malakhov, 19...
[details] Available for editors [request]
[request]original description (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) Sørensen, M. V.; Grzelak, K. (2018). New mud dragons from Svalbard: three new species of Cristaphyes and the first Arctic species of Pycnophyes (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae). <em>PeerJ.</em> 6, e5653: 1-48., available online at https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5653
note: The source says: Published 28 September 2018. Description: pp. 32-40, figs 13-15, tabs 8-9. [details] Available for editors
[request]basis of record Neuhaus, B.; van der Land, J. (2001). Cephalorhyncha (=Loricifera, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Nematomorpha), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 159-160 (look up in IMIS) [details]
new combination reference Sánchez, N.; Yamasaki, H.; Pardos, F.; Sørensen, M. V.; Martínez, A. (2016). Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae). <em>Cladistics.</em> 32(5): 479-505., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12143 [details] Available for editors
[request]new combination reference Sørensen, M. V.; Zalewska, A.; Grzelak, K. (2026). Integrative studies of the Greenlandic kinorhynchs <i>Krakenella greenlandica</i> and <i>Cristaphyes cryopygus</i> (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae) indicate conspecificity with species from Svalbard. <em>Systematics and Biodiversity.</em> 24(1):2597249, 1-36., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2025.2597249
page(s): 18-31; note: Synonymy Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988, pp. 47–53; figures 134–167. Pycnophyes greenlandicus—Kristensen & Higgins, 1991; Neuhaus, 1995, 1997, 2013; Adrianov & Malakhov, 19...
Synonymy
Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988, pp. 47–53; figures 134–167. Pycnophyes greenlandicus—Kristensen & Higgins, 1991; Neuhaus, 1995, 1997, 2013; Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999; Neuhaus & Higgins, 2002; Sørensen & Pardos, 2008; Sanchez et al., 2011, 2016; Yamasaki et al., 2013; Herranz et al., 2014; Sørensen et al., 2015; Altenburger, 2016; Hirose & Yamasaki, 2015.
Krakenella greenlandica S anchez et al., 2016, pp. 496, 498–499. Krakenella greenlandica—Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018, 2025.
Krakenella greenlandicus—Grzelak & Sørensen, 2018
Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018.
Pycnophyes ancalagon—Grzelak & Sørensen, 2019a; Cepeda et al., 2020.
[request]Other
additional source
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Neuhaus, B. (2013). 5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera, Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin,. pp. 181-348. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272536.181 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Giribet, G.; Sorensen, M. V.; Funch, P.; Kristensen, R. M.; Sterrer, W. (2004). Investigations into the phylogenetic position of Micrognathozoa using four molecular loci. <em>Cladistics.</em> 20(1): 1-13., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00004.x
note: specimen(s) from North East Atlantic Ocean, Greenland, unknown if hologenophore(s) deposited in a collection: GenBank Accession numbers for 18S rRNA: AY428820, for 28S rRNA: AY428828, and for Histone ...
[details] Available for editors [request]
biology source Kristensen, R. M.; Higgins, R. P. (1991). Chapter 10 Kinorhyncha. <em>In: Harrison, F. W. & Ruppert, E. E. (eds), Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates.</em> Vol. 4, pp. 377-404.
note: Review of TEM studies of inner organs of Kinorhyncha, based mainly on own investigations of Echinoderes aquilonius and Pycnophyes greenlandicus. [details] Available for editors [request]
biology source Adrianov, A. V.; Malakhov, V. V. (1991). Fine structure of the reproductive system in Cephalorhyncha, Kinorhyncha. <em>Zoologicheskii Zhurnal.</em> 70(5): 28-38.
note: light microscopical and TEM aspects of the reproductive system [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Neuhaus, B. (2013). 5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera, Volume 1: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin,. pp. 181-348. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272536.181 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Giribet, G.; Sorensen, M. V.; Funch, P.; Kristensen, R. M.; Sterrer, W. (2004). Investigations into the phylogenetic position of Micrognathozoa using four molecular loci. <em>Cladistics.</em> 20(1): 1-13., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00004.x
note: specimen(s) from North East Atlantic Ocean, Greenland, unknown if hologenophore(s) deposited in a collection: GenBank Accession numbers for 18S rRNA: AY428820, for 28S rRNA: AY428828, and for Histone ...
specimen(s) from North East Atlantic Ocean, Greenland, unknown if hologenophore(s) deposited in a collection: GenBank Accession numbers for 18S rRNA: AY428820, for 28S rRNA: AY428828, and for Histone H3: AY 428836.
[request]biology source Kristensen, R. M.; Higgins, R. P. (1991). Chapter 10 Kinorhyncha. <em>In: Harrison, F. W. & Ruppert, E. E. (eds), Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates.</em> Vol. 4, pp. 377-404.
note: Review of TEM studies of inner organs of Kinorhyncha, based mainly on own investigations of Echinoderes aquilonius and Pycnophyes greenlandicus. [details] Available for editors
[request]biology source Adrianov, A. V.; Malakhov, V. V. (1991). Fine structure of the reproductive system in Cephalorhyncha, Kinorhyncha. <em>Zoologicheskii Zhurnal.</em> 70(5): 28-38.
note: light microscopical and TEM aspects of the reproductive system [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Holotype USNM 233247, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) Private uncatalogued, geounit Skagerrak [details]
Nontype (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) Private uncatalogued, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1884567, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1884569, 1986906 - 1986909, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1986910 - 1986912, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1986913, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1986914, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype NHMD NHMD-1986915, 1986916, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Disko Island [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Greenlandic part of the Arctic Ocean [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Greenlandic part of the Arctic Ocean [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Svalbard [details]
Nontype Private uncatalogued, geounit Svalbard [details]
Paratype (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) NHMD NHMD-233065 - 233070, geounit Svalbard [details]
Paratype (of Pycnophyes ancalagon Sørensen & Grzelak, 2018) NHMD NHMD-233071, NHMD-233072, geounit Svalbard [details]
Paratype USNM 23324, geounit Disko Island [details]
Paratype USNM 233248 - 233251, geounit Disko Island [details]
Paratype USNM 233253, geounit Disko Island [details]
Paratype USNM 233254 - 233256, geounit Disko Island [details]
Paratype USNM 233256, geounit Disko Island [details]
Paratype ZMUC ZMUC-KIN-31, ZMUC-KIN-32, ZMUC-KIN-51 - ZMUC-KIN-54, geounit Disko Island [details]
From editor or global species database
Etymology The name of this species is derived from its place of discovery, Greenland. [details]Synonymy The species was combined as Krakenella greenlandica (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016.
The species was again combined as Pycnophyes greenlandicus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988 by Sørensen et al. (2026). [details]
