HABs taxon details
original description
Pavillard J. 1916. Recherches sur les Péridiniens du Golfe du Lion. <i>Trav. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montpellier </i>4: 9-70. [details]
basis of record
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source
Brandt, S. (2001). Dinoflagellates, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 47-53 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Horner, R. A. (2002). A taxonomic guide to some common marine phytoplankton. <em>Biopress Ltd. Bristol.</em> 1-195. [details]
additional source
Abé, T.H. (1967). The armoured Dinoflagellata: II. Prorocentridae and Dinophysidae (B) - <i>Dinophysis</i> and its allied genera. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 2: 37-78. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Yasumoto T., Oshima Y., Sugawara W., Fukuyo Y., Oguri H., Igarashi T. & Fujita N. 1980. Identification of <i>Dinophysis fortii</i> as the causative organism of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46: 1405-1411. [details]
additional source
Lee J.S., lgarashi T., Fraga S., Dahl E., Hovgaard P. & Yasumoto T. (1989). Determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in various dinoflagellate species. <em>J. Appl. Phycol.</em> 1, 147-152. [details]
additional source
Suzuki T., Mitsuya T., Imai M. & Yamasaki M. 1997. DSP toxin contents in <i>Dinophysis fortii</i> and scallops collected at Mutsu Bay, Japan. J. Appl. Phycol. 8: 509-515.<br><br>
Sato S., Koike K. & Kodama M. 1996. Seasonal variation of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 in <i>Dinophysis</i> spp. in association with the toxicity of scallop. In: <i>Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms</i> (Ed. by T. Yasumoto, Y. Oshima & Y. Fukuyo), pp. 285-288. IOC, UNESCO, Paris. [details]
additional source
Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source
Balech, E. (1962). Tintinnoinea y Dinoflagellata del Pacífico según material de las expediciones Norpac y Downwind del Instituto Scripps de Oceanografía. <em>Rev. Mus. Arg. Cs. Nat. “B. Rivadavia”, C. Zool.</em> 7(1): 1-253, 26 pl. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Lakkis, S. (2011). Le phytoplancton marin du Liban (Méditerranée orientale): biologie, biodiversité, biogéographie. Aracne: Roma. ISBN 978-88-548-4243-4. 293 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details]
additional source
Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]
additional source
Kofoid, C.A.; Skogsberg, T. (1928). Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" from October 1904 to March 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding. [No.] XXXV. The Dinoflagellata: the Dinophysoidae. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass.</em> 51: 1-766., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4365822 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Balech, E. (2002). Dinoflagelados tecados tóxicos en el Cono Sur Americano. <em>En: SAR, E.A., FERRARIO, M.E. & REGUERA, B. (Eds.). Floraciones Algales Nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano. Instituto Español de Oceanografía.</em> pp. 123-144. [details] Available for editors
new combination reference
Pavillard J. 1923. A propos de la systématique des Péridiniens. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 876-882. [details]
ecology source
Ishimaru, T.; Inoue, H.; Fukuyo, Y.; Ogata, T.; Kodama, M. (1988). Cultures of Dinophysis fortii and D. acuminata with the cryptomonad, Plagioselmis sp. <em>Mycotoxins.</em> 1988(1Supplement): 19-20., available online at https://doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1988.1supplement_19 [details]
ecology source
Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Stoecker, D. K.; Hansen, P. J.; Calbet, A.; McManus, G. B.; Sanders, R. W.; Caron, D. A.; Not, F.; Hallegraeff, G. M.; Pitta, P.; Raven, J. A.; Johnson, M. D.; Glibert, P. M.; Våge, S. (2017). Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.</em> 284(1860): 20170664., available online at https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0664 [details] Available for editors
From regional or thematic species database
Description Medium-sized cell, broadly subovoid, widest posteriorly. Dorsal margin curved and ventral margin almost straight. Left sulcal list long and can be up to four-fifths of the cell length. Right sulcal list also well developed and can extend beyond the Rl. Surface with deep poroids, each with a pore. Surface markings of type E. [details]
Description Large bag-shaped cell with well-developed sulcal lists. Cells 60–80 μm in length and 33–40 μm in dorso-ventral depth. Cells long and subovate ending in a broadly rounded posterior (a dorsal bulge). The posterior end is the widest. Left sulcal list well developed and very long; it can extend up to 4/5 of the cell. Thick thecal plates of the hypotheca deeply areolated, each areola with a pore. Small form of D. fortii considered for a long time as a distinct species (D. lapidistrigiliformis).
[details]
Distribution neritic and oceanic; cold temperate to tropical waters worldwide [details]
Harmful effect The first species of Dinophysis identified as the causative agent of DSP outbreaks(Yasumoto et al. 1980). Producer of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxins (DTX1)and pectenotoxins (PTX2), toxins implicated in DSP. The main agent of DSP outbreaks in Japan and the Adriatic Sea. Accompanies other species of Dinophysis during DSP events in many parts of the world.
Analyses of picked cells by HPLC-FD showed some Japanese strains contained OA (23 pg/cell) and other contained very high levels of DTX1 (13-191.5 pg/cell) and PTX2 (42.5 pg/cell) (Lee et al. 1989). More recent analyses by LC-MS showed cells containing DTX1 (8-11 pg/cell) and PTX2 (51-64 pg/cell) (Suzuki et al. 2009). Populations from the Adriatic Sea had dominance of PTX but also contained OA (15 pg/cell) (Draisci et al. 1996). [details]
Synonymy Apparently no recent synonym other than Dinophysis lapidistrigiliformis Abé, reported by some authors as 'small cells' in the life cycle of D. fortii (Fukuyo et al. 1981, Otsuchi Mar. Res. Cent., Rep. 7: 3-23; Uchida et al. 1999, Bull. Fish. Environ. Inland Sea 1: 163-165). [details]
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