African Register of Marine Species (AfReMaS)

WoRMS taxon details

Aplidium Savigny, 1816

AphiaID

103471 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103471)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Parent

Polyclinidae Milne Edwards, 1841

Synonymised names

Amaroecium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Spelling mistake for Amaroucium)

Amaroucium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (synonym)

Amoroecium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Spelling mistake for Amaroucium)

Amouroecium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Spelling mistake for Amaroucium)

Amouroucium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Spelling mistake for Amaroucium)

Aplidie Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (Spelling variation)

Aplidum Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (misspelling)

Circinalium Giard, 1872 · unaccepted

Fragarium Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (Synonym)

Fragaroides Maurice, 1888 · unaccepted (synonym)

Heterotrema Fiedler, 1889 · unaccepted (Synonym)

Macrenteron Redikorzev, 1927 · unaccepted (synonymized)

Parascidia Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Synonym)

Parascidium Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (Literature misspelling)

Polyclinoides Drasche, 1883 · unaccepted (Synonym)

Psammaplidium Herdman, 1886 · unaccepted (synonym)

Psammaplidum Herdman, 1886 · unaccepted (Literature misspelling)

Sidnyum Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (synonym)

Direct children (330)

Ordering

Alphabetically
By status

Children Display

direct main ranks all

Species Aplidium abditum Kott, 2006
Species Aplidium abyssum Kott, 1969
Species Aplidium accarense (Millar, 1953)
Species Aplidium acropodium Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978
Species Aplidium acroporum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium adamsi Brewin, 1946
Species Aplidium aegeaensis (Hartmeyer, 1904)
Species Aplidium agulhaense (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Species Aplidium albicans (Milne Edwards, 1841)
Species Aplidium altarium (Sluiter, 1909)
Species Aplidium amorphatum Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium amphibolum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium annulatum Sluiter, 1906
Species Aplidium antillense (Gravier, 1955)
Species Aplidium appendiculatum (Michaelsen, 1923)
Species Aplidium arenatum (Van Name, 1945)
Species Aplidium areolatum (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Species Aplidium asperum Drasche, 1883
Species Aplidium aurorae (Harant & Vernières, 1938)
Species Aplidium australiense Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium bacculum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium balleniae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium benhami (Brewin, 1946)
Species Aplidium bermudae (Van Name, 1902)
Species Aplidium bilinguae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium bilingula Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2006
Species Aplidium boucheti Monniot F., 2012
Species Aplidium brementi (Harant, 1925)
Species Aplidium brevilarvacium Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium brevisiphonis Millar, 1964
Species Aplidium breviventer Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium broomeiensis Millar, 1963
Species Aplidium caelestis Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium caeruleum (Sluiter, 1906)
Species Aplidium californicum (Ritter & Forsyth, 1917)
Species Aplidium cellis Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium cerebrum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium challengeri Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium chthamalum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium circulatum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Species Aplidium circumvolutum (Sluiter, 1900)
Species Aplidium claviforme Hartmeyer, 1912
Species Aplidium clivosum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium coei (Ritter, 1901)
Species Aplidium coeruleum Lahille, 1890
Species Aplidium colelloides (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium colini Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
Species Aplidium confusum Sanamyan, 2000
Species Aplidium congregatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium conicum (Olivi, 1792)
Species Aplidium coniferum Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium constellatum (Verrill, 1871)
Species Aplidium constrictum (Sluiter, 1900)
Species Aplidium controversum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
Species Aplidium convergens Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2006
Species Aplidium coronum Page, Willis & Handley, 2014
Species Aplidium cottrelli (Brewin, 1957)
Species Aplidium crateriferum (Sluiter, 1909)
Species Aplidium crustatum Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
Species Aplidium crustum Kott, 2008
Species Aplidium cunhense Millar, 1967
Species Aplidium cyaneum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium cyclophorum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium dakarensis (Peres, 1948)
Species Aplidium densum (Giard, 1872)
Species Aplidium depressum Sluiter, 1909
Species Aplidium diaphanum (Drasche, 1883)
Species Aplidium didemniformis Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978
Species Aplidium digitalis Meenakshi & Senthamarai, 2013
Species Aplidium directum Kott, 1973
Species Aplidium discum Monniot F., 2021
Species Aplidium disiphonium (Beniaminson, 1975)
Species Aplidium dissectum Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2011
Species Aplidium distaplium Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium draschei Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium dubium (Ritter, 1899)
Species Aplidium eborinum Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2011
Species Aplidium effrenatum (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium effusum Savigny, 1816
Species Aplidium elatum Kott, 1972
Species Aplidium elegans (Giard, 1872)
Species Aplidium elongatum Rocha, Gamba & Zanata, 2012
Species Aplidium enigmaticum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1973
Species Aplidium erythraeum (Michaelsen, 1919)
Species Aplidium eudistomum Kott, 2008
Species Aplidium exiguum (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium exile (Van Name, 1902)
Species Aplidium falklandicum Millar, 1960
Species Aplidium fistulosum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1991
Species Aplidium flavolineatum (Sluiter, 1898)
Species Aplidium fluorescum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium foliaceum (Sluiter, 1900)
Species Aplidium formosum Kott, 2006
Species Aplidium fragile (Redikorzev, 1927)
Species Aplidium fuegiense (Cunningham, 1871)
Species Aplidium fumigatum Herdman, 1886
Species Aplidium funginum (Sluiter, 1898)
Species Aplidium fuscum Drasche, 1883
Species Aplidium galeritum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Species Aplidium gastrolineatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium gelasinum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium gelatinosum (Medioni, 1970)
Species Aplidium geminatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium gibbulosum (Savigny, 1816)
Species Aplidium gilvum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871)
Species Aplidium glaphyrum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium globosum (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium gracile Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium granum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
Species Aplidium griseum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium grisiatum Kott, 1998
Species Aplidium haesitans Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
Species Aplidium haouarianum (Pérès, 1956)
Species Aplidium herdmani Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium hestia Monniot F., 2012
Species Aplidium hians (Monniot & Gaill, 1978)
Species Aplidium hortulus Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium hourglassum Fortaleza & Lotufo, 2018
Species Aplidium hyacinthum Kott, 2008
Species Aplidium hyalinum (Pérès, 1956)
Species Aplidium imbutum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium incubatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium indicum (Renganathan & Monniot F., 1984)
Species Aplidium inflorescens Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium intextum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium inversum (Pérès, 1959)
Species Aplidium irregulare (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium jacksoni Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium japonicum (Tokioka, 1949)
Species Aplidium knoxi (Brewin, 1956)
Species Aplidium kottae Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium kurilense (Beniaminson, 1974)
Species Aplidium laticum Kott, 2006
Species Aplidium lebedi Sanamyan, 1998
Species Aplidium lenticulum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium lepareurae Monniot F., 2016
Species Aplidium lineatum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
Species Aplidium litum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2006
Species Aplidium lobatum Savigny, 1816
Species Aplidium lodix Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium longithorax Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium longum Monniot F., 1970
Species Aplidium loricatum (Harant & Vernières, 1938)
Species Aplidium lubricum (Sluiter, 1898)
Species Aplidium lunacratum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium macrenteron Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2017
Species Aplidium macrolobatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium magellanicum Sanamyan & Schories, 2003
Species Aplidium magnilarvum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium marchei (Monniot F., 1969)
Species Aplidium maritimum (Brewin, 1958)
Species Aplidium maroccanum (Sluiter, 1927)
Species Aplidium maru Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium matua Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2017
Species Aplidium mauritaniae Sluiter, 1915
Species Aplidium mediterraneum (Hartmeyer, 1909)
Species Aplidium meridianum (Sluiter, 1906)
Species Aplidium mernooensis (Brewin, 1956)
Species Aplidium millari Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1994
Species Aplidium minisculum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium minithorax Monniot F., 2012
Species Aplidium miripartum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium monile Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
Species Aplidium monoophorum Millar, 1975
Species Aplidium monotonicum (Tokioka, 1954)
Species Aplidium multilineatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium multipapillatum Millar, 1975
Species Aplidium multiplicatum Sluiter, 1909
Species Aplidium multisulcatum Millar, 1977
Species Aplidium mutabile (Sars, 1851)
Species Aplidium nadaense (Nishikawa, 1980)
Species Aplidium nema Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1976
Species Aplidium nordmanni (Milne Edwards, 1841)
Species Aplidium nottii (Brewin, 1951)
Species Aplidium novaezealandiae Brewin, 1952
Species Aplidium oamaruensis (Brewin, 1950)
Species Aplidium ocellatum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium oculatum (Beniaminson, 1974)
Species Aplidium opacum Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium ordinatum (Sluiter, 1906)
Species Aplidium ornatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium orthium Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium ovum Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978
Species Aplidium paessleri (Michaelsen, 1907)
Species Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871)
Species Aplidium panis Kott, 2008
Species Aplidium pantherinum (Sluiter, 1898)
Species Aplidium paralineatum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium parastigmaticum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium parvum Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium patriciae Brunetti, 2007
Species Aplidium pellucidum (Leidy, 1855)
Species Aplidium pentatrema (Monniot F., 1972)
Species Aplidium pererratum (Sluiter, 1912)
Species Aplidium peresi Monniot F., 1970
Species Aplidium peruvianum Sanamyan & Schories, 2004
Species Aplidium petrense Michaelsen, 1916
Species Aplidium petrosum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium phortax (Michaelsen, 1924)
Species Aplidium pictum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium pliciferum (Redikorzev, 1927)
Species Aplidium polarsterni Tatian, Antacli & Sahade, 2005
Species Aplidium polybunum (Redikorzev, 1927)
Species Aplidium polyglossum Redikorzev, 1930
Species Aplidium polytrema (Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983)
Species Aplidium powelli (Brewin, 1958)
Species Aplidium profundum (Sluiter, 1909)
Species Aplidium proliferum (Milne Edwards, 1841)
Species Aplidium pronum Kott, 1975
Species Aplidium propinquum (Van Name, 1945)
Species Aplidium protectans (Herdman, 1899)
Species Aplidium pseudolobatum (Pérès, 1956)
Species Aplidium pseudoradiatum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium punctum (Giard, 1873)
Species Aplidium pusillum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1991
Species Aplidium quadrisulcatum Millar, 1960
Species Aplidium quadriversum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium radiatum (Sluiter, 1906)
Species Aplidium radicosum (Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1979)
Species Aplidium recumbens (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium redikorzevi Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2011
Species Aplidium retiforme (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium rhabdocormi Nishikawa, 1990
Species Aplidium rhyparon Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
Species Aplidium ritteri (Sluiter, 1895)
Species Aplidium robustum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium rosaceum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium rosarium Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium rubricollum Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium rubripunctum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1997
Species Aplidium rubrum (Tokioka, 1962)
Species Aplidium ruzickai Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009
Species Aplidium sacciferum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium sagamiense (Tokioka, 1967)
Species Aplidium sagresensis Ramos-Espla, Turon & Vazquez, 1993
Species Aplidium sarasinorum (Fiedler, 1889)
Species Aplidium scabellum (Michaelsen, 1924)
Species Aplidium schaudinni Hartmeyer, 1903
Species Aplidium schultzei Hartmeyer, 1913
Species Aplidium scyphus Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1991
Species Aplidium seeligeri Millar, 1960
Species Aplidium selenium Rocha, Gamba & Zanata, 2012
Species Aplidium siderum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983
Species Aplidium siphonum (Brewin, 1956)
Species Aplidium soldatovi (Redikorzev, 1937)
Species Aplidium solidum (Ritter & Forsyth, 1917)
Species Aplidium solum Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1974
Species Aplidium spauldingi (Ritter, 1907)
Species Aplidium spitzbergense Hartmeyer, 1903
Species Aplidium spongiforme (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium stanleyi Millar, 1960
Species Aplidium stellatum (Verrill, 1871)
Species Aplidium stelliferum (Sluiter, 1900)
Species Aplidium tabachniki Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 1999
Species Aplidium tabarquensis Ramos-Espla, 1991
Species Aplidium tabascum Kott, 1992
Species Aplidium takii (Tokioka, 1959)
Species Aplidium tasmaniensis Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 1999
Species Aplidium tenuicaudum (Beniaminson, 1974)
Species Aplidium thomasi Brewin, 1948
Species Aplidium thomsoni Brewin, 1946
Species Aplidium translucidum (Ritter, 1901)
Species Aplidium traustedti Millar, 1977
Species Aplidium tridentatum (Daumézon, 1909)
Species Aplidium triggsense Kott, 1963
Species Aplidium tuberosum Kott, 2008
Species Aplidium turbinatum (Savigny, 1816)
Species Aplidium undulatum Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978
Species Aplidium unicornum Millar, 1982
Species Aplidium uouo Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium urgorrii Vazquez, 1994
Species Aplidium uteute Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
Species Aplidium vanhoeffeni Hartmeyer, 1911
Species Aplidium variabile (Herdman, 1886)
Species Aplidium vastum (Sluiter, 1912)
Species Aplidium vemense Millar, 1968
Species Aplidium venosum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
Species Aplidium vexillum Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978
Species Aplidium violaceum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Species Aplidium vulcanium Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
Species Aplidium wroomeiensis Millar, 1963
Species Aplidium yamazii (Tokioka, 1949)
Species Aplidium yezoense Tokioka, 1967
Species Aplidium africanum Sluiter, 1905 accepted as Aplidium lobatum Savigny, 1816 (original combination)
Species Aplidium antarcticum accepted as Aplidium peresi Monniot F., 1970 (synonym)
Species Aplidium arboratum Kott, 1963 accepted as Aplidium solidum (Ritter & Forsyth, 1917) (unnecessary replacement name)
Species Aplidium argus (Milne Edwards, 1841) accepted as Morchellium argus (Milne Edwards, 1841) (new combination)
Species Aplidium aurore (Harant & Vernières, 1938) accepted as Aplidium aurorae (Harant & Vernières, 1938) (Spelling mistake)
Species Aplidium australiensis Kott, 1963 accepted as Aplidium australiense Kott, 1963 (incorrect original spelling)
Species Aplidium ballaniae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983 accepted as Aplidium balleniae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983 (Spelling mistake)
Species Aplidium colleloides (Herdman, 1886) accepted as Aplidium colelloides (Herdman, 1886) (literature misspelling)
Species Aplidium despectum Herdman, 1886 accepted as Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) (original combination)
Species Aplidium digitatum Kott, 1975 accepted as Aplidium brevilarvacium Kott, 1963 (original combination)
Species Aplidium distomoides (Herdman, 1899) accepted as Hypsistozoa distomoides (Herdman, 1899) (new combination)
Species Aplidium ficus (Alder & Hancock, 1912) accepted as Synoicum pulmonaria (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (new combination)
Species Aplidium filiforme Kott, 1992 accepted as Aplidium mernooensis (Brewin, 1956) (original combination)
Species Aplidium flavo-lineatum (Sluiter) accepted as Aplidium flavolineatum (Sluiter, 1898) (spelling variation)
Species Aplidium flavum Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896 accepted as Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) (original combination)
Species Aplidium foliorum Kott, 1975 accepted as Aplidium opacum Kott, 1963 (original combination)
Species Aplidium fuscum Herdman, 1886 accepted as Aplidium undulatum Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978 (secondary homonym)
Species Aplidium incrustans (Herdman, 1891) accepted as Aplidium solidum (Ritter & Forsyth, 1917) (new combination)
Species Aplidium lacteum Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896 accepted as Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) (original combination)
Species Aplidium laevigatum (Herdman, 1886) accepted as Aplidium fuegiense (Cunningham, 1871)
Species Aplidium latusexitus Monniot F., 1987 accepted as Aplidium uteute Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 (original combination)
Species Aplidium leucophaeum Herdman, 1886 accepted as Aplidium undulatum Monniot F. & Gaill, 1978 (original combination)
Species Aplidium leviventer (Monniot & Gaill, 1978) accepted as Morchellium leviventer (Monniot & Gaill, 1978)
Species Aplidium lobtaum Savigny, 1816 accepted as Aplidium lobatum Savigny, 1816 (spelling mistake)
Species Aplidium magellanium Sanamyan & Schories, 2003 accepted as Aplidium magellanicum Sanamyan & Schories, 2003 (spelling mistake)
Species Aplidium melleum Alder & Hancock, 1912 accepted as Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) (original combination)
Species Aplidium notti (Brewin, 1951) accepted as Aplidium nottii (Brewin, 1951) (misspelling)
Species Aplidium octoversum Millar, 1975 accepted as Aplidium sagamiense (Tokioka, 1967) (original combination)
Species Aplidium pantherium (Sluiter, 1898) accepted as Aplidium pantherinum (Sluiter, 1898) (literature misspelling)
Species Aplidium pedunculatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 accepted as Sycozoa pedunculata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (literature misspelling)
Species Aplidium pseudobesum Kott, 1963 accepted as Aplidium amorphatum Kott, 1963 (original combination)
Species Aplidium pullum (Sluiter, 1898) accepted as Trididemnum savignii (Herdman, 1886) (new combination)
Species Aplidium quinquesulcatum Millar, 1977 accepted as Aplidium lobatum Savigny, 1816 (junior synonym)
Species Aplidium schaudini Hartmeyer, 1903 accepted as Aplidium schaudinni Hartmeyer, 1903 (literature misspelling)
Species Aplidium stewartense (Michaelsen, 1924) accepted as Synoicum stewartense (Michaelsen, 1924) (new combination)
Species Aplidium sublobatum Lamarck, 1816 accepted as Synoicum pulmonaria (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (original combination)
Species Aplidium tremulum Savigny, 1816 accepted as Aplidium lobatum Savigny, 1816 (original combination)
Species Aplidium triggiensis Kott, 1963 accepted as Aplidium triggsense Kott, 1963 (literature misspelling)
Species Aplidium triggsensis Kott, 1963 accepted as Aplidium triggsense Kott, 1963 (incorrect original spelling)
Species Aplidium triplex (Sluiter, 1906) accepted as Synoicum triplex (Sluiter, 1906)
Species Aplidium tubiferus (Monniot, 2001) accepted as Aplidiopsis tubiferus Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
Species Aplidium verrucosum Dalyell, 1839 accepted as Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
Species Aplidium vitreum Lahille, 1887 accepted as Aplidiopsis vitreum (Lahille, 1887) (original combination)
Species Aplidium zostericola Giard, 1872 accepted as Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) (original combination)
Species Aplidium crassum Herdman, 1886 accepted as Clavelina picta (Verrill, 1900) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Aplidium longicaudatum (Sluiter, 1912) (uncertain > nomen dubium)

Environment

marine, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Original description

Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Paris. 2: 1-239.
page(s): 20 [details]

Taxonomic citation

Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2025). Ascidiacea World Database. Aplidium Savigny, 1816. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103471 on 2025-07-15

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

Monniot, Claude

2007-12-05 10:29:40Z

checked

Sanamyan, Karen

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

Nomenclature

original description Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Paris. 2: 1-239.
page(s): 20 [details]

original description (of Psammaplidium Herdman, 1886) Herdman, W. A. (1886). Report on the tunicata collected during the voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger" during the years 1873-1876. Part. II. Ascidiae compositae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology. 14 (part 38): 1-432, pl. 1-49., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-38/README.htm [details]

original description (of Amaroucium Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France. 18: 217-326. [details]

original description (of Circinalium Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details]

original description (of Fragarium Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details]

original description (of Macrenteron Redikorzev, 1927) Redikorzev, V. (1927). Zehn neue ascidien aus dem Fernen Osten. Zool. Jahrb. 53: 373-404. [details]

original description (of Parascidia Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France. 18: 217-326. [details]

original description (of Polyclinoides Drasche, 1883) Drasche, R. (1883). Die Synascidien der Bucht von Rovigno (Istrien). In: Ein Beitrag zur Fauna der Adria. Wien: Carl Gerolds Sohn. 41 pp. [details]

basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]

Other

additional source Sanamyan, K. (2007). Database of extant Ascidiacea. Version of 2 November 2007. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Howson, C.M. & B.E. Picton. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors