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NARMS taxon detailsParazoanthus Haddon & Shackleton, 1891
 100793 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100793)
accepted
Genus
Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt, 1862) (type by original designation)
marine,
Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672. [details]
Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2025). World List of Zoantharia. Parazoanthus Haddon & Shackleton, 1891. Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025) European Register of Marine Species at: https://marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100793 on 2025-04-28
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025). European Register of Marine Species. Parazoanthus Haddon & Shackleton, 1891. Accessed at: https://vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=100793 on 2025-04-28
Date action by 2006-09-27 07:06:07Z changed Martinez, Olga
original description
Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details] additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. <em>[Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].</em> , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details] additional source Colin, P.L.; Arneson, C. (1995). Tropical Pacific Invertebrates. A fieldGuide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves. <em>Coral Reef Press: Irvine, USA.</em> 1-296. page(s): 122-126 [details] additional source Hyman, L.H., 1940. The Invertebrates: Protozoa through Ctenophora. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York and London : i-xii, 1-726. page(s): 625 [details] additional source Morin, J.G., 1974. Coelenterate Bioluminescence. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 397-438. page(s): 410, 414, 415, 422 [details] additional source Lwowsky, F.F., 1913. Revision der Gattung Sidisia Gray (Epizoanthus Auct.). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Zooanthiden. Zool. Jb., Syst. 34 5-6: 557-614. page(s): 560, 569-570 [details] additional source Muscatine, L., 1974. Endosymbiosis of cnidarians and algae. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 359-395. page(s): 377 [details] additional source Dawson EW. (1992). The Coelenterata of the New Zealand region: a handlist for curators, students and ecologists. <em>Occasional papers of the Hutton Foundation, New Zealand.</em> 1: 1-68. page(s): 49 [details] additional source Daly, M.M., Fautin D.G., Cappola V.A., 2003. Systematics of the Hexacorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139 3: 419-437. page(s): 424-425, 427-428 [details] Available for editors  additional source Amaral, F. D.; Hudson, M. M.; da Silveira, F. L.; Migotto, A. E.; Pinto, S. M.; Longo, L. (2002). Cnidarians of Saint Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Northeast Brazil. <em>Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium.</em> 1, 567-571. page(s): 569, 570 [details]  additional source Grygier, M.J. (1991). Additions to the ascothoracidan fauna of Australia and South-east Asia (Crustacea, Maxillopoda): Synagogidae (part), Lauridae and Petrarcidae. <em>Records of the Australian Museum.</em> 43: 1-46. page(s): 30 [details] additional source Itô, T., M.J. Grygier & J. Honshu, J. (1990). Description and complete larval development of a new species of Baccalaureus (Crustacea: Ascothoracida) parasitic in a zoanthid from Tanabe. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 7(3), 485-515. page(s): 498 [details] additional source Van Beneden, E. (1897). Les Anthozoaires de la Plankton-Expedition = Die Anthozoen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen Ocean von Mitte Juli bis Anfang November 1889 ausgeführten Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, II. K.e.. Lipsius & Tischer: Kiel. 222 + XVIII plates pp. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 162, 163 [details] additional source Carlgren, O. (1913). Zoantharia. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(4): 1-62. page(s): 54-55 [details] additional source Manuel RL. (1979) Some new records of Anthozoa from British waters. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 59:393-397 page(s): 395 [details] additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors additional source Reimer, J.D.; Fujii, T. (2010). Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys, 42: 1-36. page(s): 3, 4, 23, 29, 31, 32 [details] additional source Delage, Y.; Hérouard, E. (1901). Traité de zoologie concrète. Tome II – Deuxième partie. Les coelentérés. <em>Paris: Schleicher Frères.</em> 848 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52123450 page(s): 665 [details] additional source Pax, F. (1911). Aktinien der Aru-Inseln. <em>Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 33: 297-304., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37103285 page(s): 300 [details] additional source Pax, F. 1937. Die Korallenfauna der Adria. Teil 1: Krustenanemonen. Thalassia. 2(7):3-66. page(s): 24 [details] additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors additional source Herberts, C. (1972). Etude systématique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. <em>Tethys.</em> Supplement 3, pp. 69-156. page(s): 69, 72, 74, 76, 80, 81, 84, 142 [details] Available for editors additional source Sinniger, F.; Montoya-Burgos, J. I.; Chevaldonné, P.; Pawlowski, J. (2005). Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 147(5): 1121-1128., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0016-3 page(s): 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128 [details] additional source Branch, G. M.; Griffiths, C. L.; Branch, M. L.; Beckley, L. F. (2008). Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. <em>Struik Publishers.</em> 368: pp. page(s): 16 [details] additional source Gosliner, T. M.; Behrens, D. W.; Williams, G. C. (1996). Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Monterey, 314 pp (Bryozoa p.243-248) page(s): 66 [details] additional source Ryland, J. S. et al. (2000). Semper’s (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia, 440: 191-198 page(s): 1-3, 7 [details] additional source Kaplan, E. H. (1982). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs: Caribbean and Florida. <em>Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.</em> pp 289. page(s): 76-77, 125, 246 [details] additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479. page(s): 266, 269, 275, 276 [details] additional source Menon, K. R. (1927). Subclass Zoantharia (except Scleractiniae). Bulletin of Madras Government Museum (Natural History Section), 1(1): 31-40 page(s): 32, 33 [details] additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374 page(s): 331 [details] additional source Hoover, J. P. (1998). Hawaii's Sea Creatures. Mutual Publishing. Honolulu., edition 1st, pp. 366. page(s): 46 [details] additional source Pawlik, J. R.; Chanas, B.; Toonen, R. J.; Fenical, W. H. (1995). Defences of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 127, 183-194 page(s): 183, 184, 188 [details] additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1905). A Revision of the Duchassaing and Michelotti Actinian Types in the Museum of Natural History, Turin. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, 20(494): 1-23 page(s): 19 [details] additional source Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1955). Gli Antozoi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste Parte I: Antipatharia, Ceriantharia, Zoantharia, Actiniaria, Alcyonaria, e Pennatularia. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Trieste, 20(7-8): 103-129 page(s): 111-112 [details] additional source Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1962). Die Anthozoenfauna der Adria / Fauna antozoa Jadrana. Fauna et Flora Adriatica, 3, 1-343 page(s): 111-112 [details] additional source Herberts, C. (1987). Ordre des Zoanthaires. Masson. Paris., pp. 783-810 page(s): 801, 804, 805, 806 [details] additional source Herberts, C. (1972). Contribution à l'étude écologique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. Marine Biology, 13, 127-136 page(s): 129 [details] additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1984). Order Zoanthidea. Australian Coral Reef Society. Brisbane., edition 2nd, pp. 29-33 page(s): 29, 30 [details] additional source Pax, F. (1934). Anthozoa (Teil I. Allgemeines, Ceriantharia, Antipatharia, Zoantharia, Madreporaria). Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostee, 26, 39-53 page(s): 40, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51 [details] additional source Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500 page(s): 419, 420, 427, 497-498 [details] additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77. page(s): 2, 51-56 [details] additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188 page(s): 178, 179, 181 [details] additional source Roule, L. (1900). Description d'une nouvelle espèce Méditerranéenne de zoanthidé, commensale des pagures (Palythoa-Gemmaria-Paguricola). Bulletin de la Societé Zoologique de France, 25, 120-125 page(s): 125 [details] additional source Roule, L. (1900). Sur les genres Palythoa et Epizoanthus. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 131, 279-281 page(s): 280 [details] additional source den Hartog, J. C. (1997). The sea anemone fauna of Indonesian coral reefs. Periplus Editions. Republic of Singapore., chapter Box 8.2, volume 7, pp. 351-370 page(s): 362 [details] additional source Allen, G. R.; Steene, R. (1994). Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Field Guide. Tropical Reef Research. Singapore., edition 1st, pp. 378. page(s): 63 [details] additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1995). Colonial anemones - Zoanthiniaria. A review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers, Spring 1995, 10-13 page(s): 10-13 [details] additional source Carlgren, O. (1895). Ueber die gattung Gerardia Lac.-Duth. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 1895(5): 319-334 page(s): 319, 325 [details] additional source Duerden, J. E. (1896). Zoanthidæ at Port Henderson. Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, 2(3): 285-287 page(s): 286 [details] additional source Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447. page(s): 255, 261, 262, 263 [details] additional source Frische, J. (1991). Flächenwüchsige Aquarienpfleglinge. Das Aquarium, 261, 33-37 page(s): 31, 32 [details] additional source Duerden, J. E. (1898). The geographical distribution of the Actiniaria of Jamaica. Natural Science, 12(72): 100-105 page(s): 103 [details] additional source Castro, C. B.; Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Fonseca, C. G. (1999). Distribuição do bentos (Cnidaria e Echinodermata) em costões rochosos da Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PPGE-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., volume VII, pp. 179-193 page(s): 183, 184 [details] additional source Cutress, C. E.; West, D. A. (1973). The symbiotic zoanthids of Puerto Rico with observations on their biology. Proceedings of the Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 9, 23 page(s): 23 [details] additional source DeFelice, R.; Minton, D.; Godwin, L. S. (2002). Records of Shallow-Water Marine Invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a Note on Noningenous Species: Report to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawaii., pp. 78. page(s): 26, 52 [details] additional source Megina, C.; Conradi, M.; Piraino, S. (2003). Biodiversity, life cycles, and reproductive biology of deep-sea cnidarians. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 470, 108-112 page(s): 110 [details] additional source Hoffmann, K.; Hermanns-Clausen, M.; Buhl, C.; Büchler, M. W.; Schemmer, P.; Mebs, D.; Kauferstein, S. (2008). A case of palytoxin poisoning due to contact with zoanthid corals through a skin injury. Toxicon, 51, 1535-1537 page(s): 1535-1537 [details] additional source Ocaña, O.; Brito, A. (2004). A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macronesian Islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 15(3-4): 159-189 page(s): 160 [details] additional source Ocaña, O.; Brito, A.; González, G.; Herrera, R. (2007). Additions in relation to Gerardiidae from the Macaronesian waters and the Mediterranean Sea (Anthozoa: Zoantharia). Vieraea, 35, 163-168 page(s): 167 [details] additional source Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706 page(s): 704 [details]  Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
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