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Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758) 
AphiaID: 137117

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Vertebrata (Subphylum) > Gnathostomata (Superclass) > Tetrapoda (Superclass) > Mammalia (Class) > Theria (Subclass) > Cetartiodactyla (Order) > Cetancodonta (Suborder) > Cetacea (Infraorder) > Odontoceti (Superfamily) > Phocoenidae (Family) > Phocoena (Genus)
Status accepted
Record
status
 Checked by Taxonomic Editor
Rank Species
Parent Phocoena G. Cuvier, 1816
Synonymised
taxa
  Delphinus (Phocaena) phocaena Gray, 1828 (synonym)
Delphinus phocaena Muller, 1776 (synonym)
Delphinus phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 (basionym)
Delphinus ventricosus Lacépčde, 1804 (synonym)
Phocaena americana J. A. Allen, 1869 (synonym)
Phocaena brachcium Hall & Kelson, 1959 (synonym)
Phocaena brachycium Cope, 1865 (synonym)
Phocaena communis Lesson, 1827 (synonym)
Phocaena lineata Cope, 1876 (synonym)
Phocaena phocaena Kleinenberg, 1956 (synonym)
Phocaena phocaena acuminata Van Deinse, 1935 (synonym)
Phocaena phocaena acuminata var. conidens Van Deinse, 1946 (synonym)
Phocaena tuberculifera Gray, 1865 (synonym)
Phocaena vomerina Gill, 1865 (synonym)
Phocena phocena Gray, 1821 (synonym)
Phocoena rondeletti Giglioli, 1870 (synonym)
Phocoena vomerina Hall & Kelson, 1959 (synonym)
Sources  original description: Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae. Editio Decima, Tomus I. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii.
page(s): 77 [details]


basis of record: van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 (look up in IMIS[details]

additional source: Carwardine, M., E. Hoyt, R. E. Fordyce and P. Gill. 1998. Whales, dolphins and porpoises. Time-Life Books. Nature Company Guides, USA. 288 p. [details]

additional source: Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp. (look up in IMIS[details]

additional source: ITIS database, available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source: Mead, J. G. and R. L. Brownell, Jr. (2005). Cetacea. Pages 723--743 in Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp., available online at http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/ [details]

additional source: Rice, D. W. 1998. Marine mammals of the world. Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4. [details]

additional source: Hershkovitz, P. (1966). Catalog of living whales. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 246:1--259. [details]

additional source: Jefferson, T. A., M. A. Webber and R. L. Pitman. (2008). Marine mammals of the world. Academic Press, Amsterdam. [details]

additional source: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008., available online at http://www.iucnredlist.org [details]

additional source: Perrin, W. F., B. Würsig and J. G. M. Thewissen. (2009). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Academic Press, Amsterdam. [details]

additional source: Gaskin, D. E., P. E. Arnold and B. A. Blair. (1974). Phocoena phocoena. Mammalian Species 42:1--8. [details]

Vernacular
Names
 
Language   Name 
Aleutian aladak  [details]
Aleutian alagikkh  [details]
Czech svinucha pobrezní  [details]
Danish marsvin  [details]
Danish tumler  [details]
Dutch bruinvis  [details]
Dutch bruinvisch  [details]
Dutch tonyn  [details]
Dutch zee-vark  [details]
English common porpoise  [details]
English harbor porpoise  [details]
English harbour porpoise  [details]
English herring hog  [details]
English puffing pig  [details]
French marsouin commun  [details]
French poursille  [details]
German kleiner Tummler  [details]
German Meerschwein  [details]
German Schweinswal  [details]
Greenlandic piglertok  [details]
Icelandic bruinskop  [details]
Icelandic handfiskar  [details]
Japanese nezumi iruka  [details]
Latin maris sus  [details]
Latvian jurascuka  [details]
Norwegian marsvün  [details]
Norwegian nesa, nise or nisa  [details]
Norwegian tumler  [details]
Polish morswin  [details]
Polish swinia morska  [details]
Portuguese toninha  [details]
Russian azovka  [details]
Russian azovskii delfin  [details]
Russian burtuk  [details]
Russian chuska  [details]
Russian morskaya svinya  [details]
Russian pyktun  [details]
Russian sapun  [details]
Russian shutnik  [details]
Russian svinka  [details]
Slovenian Pristaniška rjava pliskavka  [details]
Spanish marsopa común  [details]
Swedish marsvin  [details]
Swedish nise  [details]
Swedish trumblare  [details]
Swedish tumlare  [details]
Turkish mutur  [details]
Direct child
taxa
 Subspecies Phocoena phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)
Subspecies Phocoena phocoena relicta Abel, 1905
Subspecies Phocoena phocoena vomerina (Gill, 1865)
Environment marine
Distribution Arctic Ocean [details]
Baltic sea [details]
Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Black Sea [details]
Blankenberge [details]
Bredene [details]
Bretagne [details]
De Haan [details]
De Panne [details]
Den Helder [details]
Elbe [details]
European waters (ERMS scope) [details]
Goote Bank [details]
Grecian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Gulf of Maine [details]
Kara Sea [details]
Knokke [details]
Koksijde [details]
Mediterranean Sea [details]
Middelkerke [details]
Nieuwpoort [details]
North Atlantic [details]
North Pacific [details]
North Sea [details]
North West Atlantic [details]
Oostende [details]
Schelde estuary [details]
Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Southern Bight [details]
Wenduine [details]
Westende [details]
Wimereux (not certain[details]
Links To GenBank
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Marine Species Identification Portal
To Barcode of Life (6 barcodes)
To ITIS
Notes  Biology: Harbour porpoises live either solitarily or in groups, normally of three to five individuals, although sometimes more. Normally individual porpoises or couples (mother and calf) are observed and high numbers can be seen during migrations.
Like dolphins, the harbour porpoise orientates itself by means of echo-sounding or ‘sonar’. It has a particular way of swimming with a ‘rolling’ movement (imagine a turning wheel); part of the back, including the dorsal fin surfaces briefly before re-entering the water giving the appearance of a rotating motion. This movement will normally be repeated three to four times, prior to a long dive.


The diet of an adult harbour porpoise is made up of various pelagic and demersal fish, as well as invertebrates. In the Southern North Sea, it consists mainly of small benthic fish, herring, cephalopod, whiting and cod. A daily meal would normally consist of about 5 kilos fish (around 10% of the body [details]

Diet: Variety of inshore and offshore fish, herring, mackerel, and anchovy. Krill when young. [details]

Dimensions: Length: male 6' (1.9 m), female 6' (1.9 m), at birth 2 1/2' (0.7 m) [details]

Distribution: East Pacific; Eastern Atlantic Ocean; Indo-West Pacific; Western Atlantic Ocean [details]

Habitat: inshore and offshore [details]

Habitat: cool temperate and subpolar, mostly in shallow water [details]

Holotype: None in existence; name based on common porpoise of authors. [details]

IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern (LC) [details]

IUCN Red List Category: Subpopulation Baltic Sea harbour porpoise : Critically Endangered (CR) [details]

Morphology: Distinguishing characteristics: Dives without lifting tail. Blow not readily visible. Triangular dorsal fin. Spoon-shaped teeth. Blunt snout. Colour is grey above with white belly.  [details]

Morphology: The head is blunt. Depending on the light, the back may appear black, grey or brown). The flanks are grey and the underside is white. The pectoral fins are black. A dark line runs from the corner of the mouth to the flipper. The more or less triangular small dorsal fin is positioned in the centre of the back. The upper back and dorsal fin are the only features one normally gets to see of a swimming harbour porpoise. The chief characteristics are its small size, the blunt head and the small triangular dorsal fin. [details]

Predators: None [details]

Reproduction: Calving: May to June in the North Atlantic. Weaning at six months. [details]

Type locality: "Ocean Europaeo Balthico" [details]

Images 
Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2006-02-28 - author: KBIN/BMM
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:31:16

Bruinvissen
Bruinvissen
added on 2008-03-21 - author: Karl Van Ginderdeuren
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:31:25

Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 43)
Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 43)
added on 2008-06-04 - author: Delahaye in Van Beneden & Gervais (1880)
scan provided by VLIZ - www.wetenschatten.be
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:31:34

Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 55)
Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 55)
added on 2008-06-04 - author: Delahaye in Van Beneden & Gervais (1880)
scan provided by VLIZ - www.wetenschatten.be
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:31:42

Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 56)
Van Beneden & Gervais (1880, plaat 56)
added on 2008-06-04 - author: Delahaye in Van Beneden & Gervais (1880)
scan provided by VLIZ - www.wetenschatten.be
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:31:52

Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2009-02-16 - author: Collection Georges Declercq
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:32:03

Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2009-02-16 - author: Collection Georges Declercq
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:32:14

Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2009-02-16 - author: Collection Georges Declercq
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:32:26

Phocoena phocoena
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2009-02-16 - author: Collection Georges Declercq
qualitystatus: checked by Perrin, William on 2009-04-18 00:32:35

Phocoena phocoena
[image from synonym]
Phocoena phocoena
added on 2009-11-23 - author: Collection Nathalie Dehauwere
qualitystatus: not checked
Edit
history
 
Date   action   by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z  created  van der Land, Jacob
2008-08-20 11:25:36Z  checked  Perrin, William
  
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  Citation: Perrin, W. (2009). Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Perrin, W.F. World Cetacea Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137117 on 2010-09-02
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