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Porifera name detailsSpongia lichenoides Pallas, 1766
268167 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:268167)
uncertain > taxon inquirendum
Species
marine,
recent only
Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 378; note: Pallas did not refer to pre-Linnaean sources, nor is there an image by contemporary authors or his translators. [details] 
Description Pallas' 1866 description:
'Amorphous sponge, subconnected with soft branching fibers'. Description. It refers to an...
Description Pallas' 1866 description: 'Amorphous sponge, subconnected with soft branching fibers'. Description. It refers to an oblong-pyramidal cluster of a fructiculose Lichens. Of course, it is fibrous. The stem is smooth, very branched, thin, connected by anastomosing branches here and there, the substance of which is homogeneous, translucent, similar in appearance to Alcyonium gelatinoum, but it is denser, and when dried it is resembles to the coralline lichen. I have seen a sample conserved in liquid sent from India, in which there was no gelatinous substance among the fibers. Should it then be removed from the genus of sponges? - There is also a burnt vegetable smell' [details] Status Incertae sedis. Descriptions by Pallas and his translators (Boddaert, 1768 and Wilkens, 1787) do not appear to concern a...
Status Incertae sedis. Descriptions by Pallas and his translators (Boddaert, 1768 and Wilkens, 1787) do not appear to concern a sponge, and even Pallas himself was uncertain as the dried specimen, when burned, gave off a plant-like odor rather than an animal odor. Olivi, 1792 reported a similar specimen from the Adriatic, also in doubt over its sponge-like nature. Montagu, 1814 (repeated by Johnston, 1842 and Vosmaer, 1880) hesitatingly (with question mark) assigned the species to the synonymy of the well-known Celtic Sea species Desmacidon fruticosum. This is almost certainly an erroneous suggestion. At a gues, it is likely an alga or as the name would imply, a lichen. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Spongia lichenoides Pallas, 1766. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=268167 on 2025-05-02
Date action by
original description
Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 378; note: Pallas did not refer to pre-Linnaean sources, nor is there an image by contemporary authors or his translators. [details] additional source Gray, S.F. (1821). A natural arrangement of British Plants. Volume I. Baldwin, London: i-xxvii, 1-821, 21 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30086635 page(s): 360; note: As a possible synonym of Desmacidon fruticosum. [details] additional source Boddaert, P. 1768. Lyst der Plant-Dieren, p. (1-50) + 1-654, pls. 1-14. Van Paddenburg & Van Schoonhoven, Utrecht. page(s): 475 [details] additional source Johnston, G. (1842). A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. <em>(W.H. Lizars: Edinburgh).</em> i-xii, 1-264, pls I-XXV., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35290582 page(s): 105; note: As a possible synonym of Desmacidon fruticosum. [details] additional source Montagu, G. (1814 [1818]). An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. <em>Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society.</em> 2(1): 67-122, pls III-XVI., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45847761 page(s): 112; note: As a possible synonym of Spongia (=Desmacidon) fruticosa. [details] additional source Linnaeus, C. (1791). Systema naturae. Thirteenth edition, edited by J.F. Gmelin. 1 part 6 (Vermes): 3021-3910. page(s): 3824 [details] additional source Wilkens, C.F. (1787). P.S. Pallas, Charakteristik der Thierpflanzen. Nach seinem Tode herausgegeben von J.F.W. Herbst. <em>Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg.</em> pp. 265 + 22 (unnumbered) + pls. XXVI. page(s): 215 [details] additional source Olivi, G. (1792). Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]. [ix] + 334 + xxxii pp., 9 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123881 page(s): 263; note: The record of this species from the Adriatic is uncertain as the type material was stated by Pallas to be in the Indian Ocean. The description of Olivi translated to English: "Probably lives in dista... The record of this species from the Adriatic is uncertain as the type material was stated by Pallas to be in the Indian Ocean. The description of Olivi translated to English:
"Probably lives in distant hard bottoms: Very rare. The course of its branches for their anastomosis becomes labyrinthine; and the very numerous branches themselves almost leafy, they end in a crest-like shape. Just treated from the sea, until it dries up, its fabric represents a compact shiny cartilage of the color of scarlet. Having become dry, and therefore losing its colour, the fabric does recognizes that it is formed by a tenuous woody branch, almost equivalent to the Gorgonian skeleton; and many branches they observe connected to each other by a produced membrane from the gelatinous mucous matter that has dried out".
 Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Description Pallas' 1866 description:'Amorphous sponge, subconnected with soft branching fibers'. Description. It refers to an oblong-pyramidal cluster of a fructiculose Lichens. Of course, it is fibrous. The stem is smooth, very branched, thin, connected by anastomosing branches here and there, the substance of which is homogeneous, translucent, similar in appearance to Alcyonium gelatinoum, but it is denser, and when dried it is resembles to the coralline lichen. I have seen a sample conserved in liquid sent from India, in which there was no gelatinous substance among the fibers. Should it then be removed from the genus of sponges? - There is also a burnt vegetable smell' [details] Status Incertae sedis. Descriptions by Pallas and his translators (Boddaert, 1768 and Wilkens, 1787) do not appear to concern a sponge, and even Pallas himself was uncertain as the dried specimen, when burned, gave off a plant-like odor rather than an animal odor. Olivi, 1792 reported a similar specimen from the Adriatic, also in doubt over its sponge-like nature. Montagu, 1814 (repeated by Johnston, 1842 and Vosmaer, 1880) hesitatingly (with question mark) assigned the species to the synonymy of the well-known Celtic Sea species Desmacidon fruticosum. This is almost certainly an erroneous suggestion. At a gues, it is likely an alga or as the name would imply, a lichen. [details] |