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HABs taxon detailsGambierdiscus lapillus Kretzschmar, Hoppenrath & S.A.Murray, 2017
1006536 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:1006536)
accepted
Species
marine,
Kretzschmar, A. L.; Verma, A.; Harwood, T.; Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. (2017). Characterization of Gambierdiscus lapillus
sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 53(2): 283-297., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12496 [details]
Harmful effect Culture extracts were found to be toxic using the mouse bioassay. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that they did...
Harmful effect Culture extracts were found to be toxic using the mouse bioassay. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that they did not contain maitotoxin (MTX1) or known algal-derived ciguatoxin analogs (CTX3B, 3C, CTX4A, 4B), but that they contained putative MTX3, and likely other unknown compounds (Kretzschmar et al. 2017). [details] Identification Gambierdiscus lapillus cells are anterio-posteriorly compressed, possess a narrow 2″″ plate (1p plate equivalent) and...
Identification Gambierdiscus lapillus cells are anterio-posteriorly compressed, possess a narrow 2″″ plate (1p plate equivalent) and heavily areolated cell surface (strong reticulate-foveate thecal ornamentation), as does G. belizeanus (Litaker et al. 2009). Gambierdiscus scabrosus T.Nishimura, Shinya Sato & M.Adachi is also morphologically similar to G. belizeanus, but can be distinguished by the asymmetry of the 4″ plate (designated 3″ by Nishimura et al. 2014) compared to the symmetry of the 4″ plate in G. belizeanus (asymmetric in Fig. 42A in Hoppenrath et al. 2014). Hence, the closest morphological relatives to G. lapillus are G. belizeanus and G. scabrosus. Comparing the distinguishing morphological characteristics between G. lapillus and sister species, the most distinguishing difference is G. lapillus’ diminutive size. Size is a feature that has been previously used to distinguish species of Gambierdiscus from each other (Litaker et al. 2009). Gambierdiscus lapillus also differs to G. scabrosus due to its symmetric 4″ plate, hence it is closer morphologically to G. belizeanus. The morphological point of difference between the two species lies in the 2' plate. The 2' plate of G. lapillus is hatchet shaped, whereas the 2' plate of G. belizeanus is nearly rectangular (Fig. 3 in Faust 1995). In terms of the genetic relatedness of the new species and G. belizeanus, they are relatively distantly related. [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gambierdiscus lapillus Kretzschmar, Hoppenrath & S.A.Murray, 2017. Accessed through: Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1006536 on 2024-05-07
Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Gambierdiscus lapillus Kretzschmar, Hoppenrath & S.A.Murray, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1006536 on 2024-05-07
Date action by
original description
Kretzschmar, A. L.; Verma, A.; Harwood, T.; Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. (2017). Characterization of Gambierdiscus lapillus
sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 53(2): 283-297., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12496 [details]
basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details] From regional or thematic species database
Description Cells were anterioposteriorly compressed and round to ellipsoid, sometimes dorsally pointed in apical view. Cells were small compared to other Gambierdiscus spp., with a dorsoventral depth of 40.6 μm (range 34.4–50.9 μm; SD: 3.3 μm) and width of 39 μm (range 32–46.9 μm; SD: 3.2 μm), and with a depth-to-width ratio of 1.04 (SD: 0.06 μm) (n = 128). The hypotheca was slightly higher than the epitheca, rarely significantly higher. The cell surface had a strong reticulate foveate ornamentation, apical and antapical plates with more regularly arranged deep depressions nearly all containing a pore, and preand postcingular plates more irregularly reticulated with scattered pores. Wide intercalary bands had a ribbed appearance. Newly developing plates after cell division had a smooth surface with scattered pores. The plate formula (Kofoid tabulation) was Po, 3', 0a, 7″, 6c, 7-8s, 5‴, 0p, 2″″. The apical pore plate (Po) is oval with a fish-hook-shaped, slit-like apical pore, located close to the center of the epitheca, slightly shifted ventrally. Po was ~6.1–5.2 9 x 3.6–3.7 μm in size. Twenty-eight to thirty-four large depressions were distributed over the Po plate and arranged in no constant pattern; one or two rows of depressions intruded into the hook. As seen by an inside view the depressions contained a pore. Also a tiny pore was visible on the Po plate. The largest apical plate was the hatchet-shaped 2' plate, followed by the pentagonal 3' plate and the hexagonal 1' plate. The largest precingular plate was plate 3″ (four sided, covering the left lateral precingular area) and the pentagonal 4″ plate (dorsal) was nearly of the same size. Plates 5″ and 6″ were on the right lateral side. Plates 1″ and 7″ were the smallest located ventrally. The largest postcingular plate was the 4‴ plate (covering most of the left hypotheca), followed by the plates 2‴, 3‴, 5‴, and 1‴. The quadrangular first antapical plate (1″″) was small and the larger, relatively narrow pentagonal 2″″ plate covered the antapex. The sulcus was a deep excavation and composed of seven to eight plates. The narrow and deep cingulum was difficult to observe and consisted of six plates. A few cells displayed shape variability in plate 2'. The shape varied from hatchet shaped (main morphology) to nearly rectangular and six-sided. Some of the cells were tear drop shaped rather than ellipsoid. [details]Harmful effect Culture extracts were found to be toxic using the mouse bioassay. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that they did not contain maitotoxin (MTX1) or known algal-derived ciguatoxin analogs (CTX3B, 3C, CTX4A, 4B), but that they contained putative MTX3, and likely other unknown compounds (Kretzschmar et al. 2017). [details] Identification Gambierdiscus lapillus cells are anterio-posteriorly compressed, possess a narrow 2″″ plate (1p plate equivalent) and heavily areolated cell surface (strong reticulate-foveate thecal ornamentation), as does G. belizeanus (Litaker et al. 2009). Gambierdiscus scabrosus T.Nishimura, Shinya Sato & M.Adachi is also morphologically similar to G. belizeanus, but can be distinguished by the asymmetry of the 4″ plate (designated 3″ by Nishimura et al. 2014) compared to the symmetry of the 4″ plate in G. belizeanus (asymmetric in Fig. 42A in Hoppenrath et al. 2014). Hence, the closest morphological relatives to G. lapillus are G. belizeanus and G. scabrosus. Comparing the distinguishing morphological characteristics between G. lapillus and sister species, the most distinguishing difference is G. lapillus’ diminutive size. Size is a feature that has been previously used to distinguish species of Gambierdiscus from each other (Litaker et al. 2009). Gambierdiscus lapillus also differs to G. scabrosus due to its symmetric 4″ plate, hence it is closer morphologically to G. belizeanus. The morphological point of difference between the two species lies in the 2' plate. The 2' plate of G. lapillus is hatchet shaped, whereas the 2' plate of G. belizeanus is nearly rectangular (Fig. 3 in Faust 1995). In terms of the genetic relatedness of the new species and G. belizeanus, they are relatively distantly related. [details] |
