HABs taxon details
Karenia bicuneiformis Botes, Sym & Pitcher, 2003
233014 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:233014)
accepted
Species
Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004 · unaccepted (synonym)
marine
Botes L., Sym S.D. & Pitcher G.C. 2003. <i>Karenia cristata</i> sp. nov. and <i>Karenia bicuneiformis</i> sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae): two new Karenia species from the South African coast. Phycologia 42: 563-571. [details]
Type locality contained in Gordon's Bay
type locality contained in Gordon's Bay [details]
Harmful effect Toxicity needs to be confirmed, but low positive result for brevetoxin based on ELISA test has been claimed (pers. com. by...
Harmful effect Toxicity needs to be confirmed, but low positive result for brevetoxin based on ELISA test has been claimed (pers. com. by Leanne Flewelling in Haywood et al. (2004)). [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Karenia bicuneiformis Botes, Sym & Pitcher, 2003. Accessed through: Lundholm, N.; Bernard, C.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Salas, R.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=233014 on 2025-05-04
Lundholm, N.; Bernard, C.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Salas, R.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Karenia bicuneiformis Botes, Sym & Pitcher, 2003. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=233014 on 2025-05-04
Date
action
by
2006-07-26 06:43:45Z
created
Camba Reu, Cibran
2015-06-26 12:00:51Z
changed
db_admin
original description
Botes L., Sym S.D. & Pitcher G.C. 2003. <i>Karenia cristata</i> sp. nov. and <i>Karenia bicuneiformis</i> sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae): two new Karenia species from the South African coast. Phycologia 42: 563-571. [details]
original description (of Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004) Haywood, A. J.; Steidinger, K. A.; Truby, E. W.; Bergquist, P. R.; Bergquist, P. L.; Adamson, J.; Mackenzie, L. (2004). Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 40(1), 165-179., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2004.02-149.x [details]
basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
source of synonymy Haywood, A. J.; Steidinger, K. A.; Truby, E. W.; Bergquist, P. R.; Bergquist, P. L.; Adamson, J.; Mackenzie, L. (2004). Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 40(1), 165-179., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2004.02-149.x [details]
original description (of Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004) Haywood, A. J.; Steidinger, K. A.; Truby, E. W.; Bergquist, P. R.; Bergquist, P. L.; Adamson, J.; Mackenzie, L. (2004). Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 40(1), 165-179., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2004.02-149.x [details]
basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
source of synonymy Haywood, A. J.; Steidinger, K. A.; Truby, E. W.; Bergquist, P. R.; Bergquist, P. L.; Adamson, J.; Mackenzie, L. (2004). Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. <em>Journal of Phycology.</em> 40(1), 165-179., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2004.02-149.x [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Description Medium-sized species (34–39 μm long, 31–36 μm wide), dorso-ventrally flattened. Epicone sharply conical, hypocone w-shaped. Cingulum displaced by one cingulum-width. Sulcus extending onto the epicone. Numerous yellow-green chloroplasts, variable in shape. Nucleus oval and located in the left lobe of the hypocone. Apical groove with a short dorsal extension on the epicone (Botes et al., 2003b). [details]Harmful effect Toxicity needs to be confirmed, but low positive result for brevetoxin based on ELISA test has been claimed (pers. com. by Leanne Flewelling in Haywood et al. (2004)). [details]
Published in AlgaeBase 
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
To Barcode of Life (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Karenia bidigitata) (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
To GenBank (12 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)To Barcode of Life (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Karenia bidigitata) (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)
To GenBank (12 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Karenia bidigitata Haywood & Steidinger, 2004)