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Spongodes Lesson, 1831

267851  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:267851)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Cnidaria (Phylum)
  4. Anthozoa (Subphylum)
  5. Octocorallia (Class)
  6. Malacalcyonacea (Order)
  7. Nephtheidae (Family)
  8. Spongodes (Genus)
 unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Genus

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  1. Species Spongodes merleti Tixier-Durivault, 1970
  2. Species Spongodes aculeata (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya aculeata Kükenthal, 1905 (changed combination)
  3. Species Spongodes acuminata Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Spongodes robusta Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya robusta (Kükenthal, 1895) (synonym)
  4. Species Spongodes albida Holm, 1895 accepted as Litophyton savignyi (Ehrenberg, 1834) (synonym)
  5. Species Spongodes alcocki Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Dendronephthya alcocki (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
  6. Species Spongodes alexanderi Nutting, 1908 accepted as Siphonogorgia alexanderi (Nutting, 1908) accepted as Dendronephthya alexanderi (Nutting, 1908) (original combination)
  7. Species Spongodes anguina Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya anguina (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  8. Species Spongodes arborea May, 1899 accepted as Dendronephthya arborea (May, 1899) (original combination)
  9. Species Spongodes argentea (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya argentea Kükenthal, 1905 (changed combination)
  10. Species Spongodes armata Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya armata (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  11. Species Spongodes aspera Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya gigantea (Verrill, 1864) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  12. Species Spongodes aurantiaca Thomson & Henderson, 1905 accepted as Dendronephthya aurantiaca (Thomson & Henderson, 1905) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  13. Species Spongodes aurantiacum (Verrill, 1866) accepted as Chromonephthea aurantiaca (Verrill, 1865) (changed combination)
  14. Species Spongodes aurea (Utinomi, 1952) accepted as Dendronephthya aurea Utinomi, 1952 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  15. Species Spongodes aurora Ridley, 1887 accepted as Dendronephthya aurora (Ridley, 1887) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  16. Species Spongodes bicolor Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Spongodes umbellata Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya umbellata (Wright & Studer, 1889) (synonym)
  17. Species Spongodes biformata Harrison, 1908 accepted as Dendronephthya biformata (Harrison, 1908) (original combination)
  18. Species Spongodes boletiformis Ridley, 1887 accepted as Dendronephthya boletiformis (Ridley, 1887) (original combination)
  19. Species Spongodes brevirama Burchardt, 1898 accepted as Dendronephthya brevirama (Burchardt, 1898) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  20. Species Spongodes candida Pütter, 1900 accepted as Dendronephthya candida (Pütter, 1900) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  21. Species Spongodes capitata Verrill, 1864 accepted as Dendronephthya capitata (Verrill, 1864) (original combination)
  22. Species Spongodes carnea Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya carnea (Wright & Studer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  23. Species Spongodes celosia Lesson, 1834 accepted as Stereonephthya celosia (Lesson, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  24. Species Spongodes cervicornis Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya cervicornis (Wright & Studer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  25. Species Spongodes chabrolii (Audouin, 1828) accepted as Nephthea chabrolii Audouin, 1828 accepted as Litophyton chabrolii (Audouin, 1828) (changed combination)
  26. Species Spongodes chimmoi Harrison, 1908 accepted as Dendronephthya chimmoi (Harrison, 1908) (original combination)
  27. Species Spongodes clavata (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya clavata Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  28. Species Spongodes coccinea Studer, 1888 accepted as Dendronephthya doederleini Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > junior homonym, of Spongodes coccinea Stimpson, 1856)
  29. Species Spongodes coccinea (Stimpson, 1855) accepted as Dendronephthya coccinea (Stimpson, 1855) accepted as Echinomuricea coccinea (Stimpson, 1855) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  30. Species Spongodes collaris Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya collaris (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  31. Species Spongodes colombiensis (Henderson, 1909) accepted as Dendronephthya colombiensis Henderson, 1909 (changed combination)
  32. Species Spongodes coronata Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya coronata (Wright & Studer, 1889) (changed combination, basionym)
  33. Species Spongodes corymbosa Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya florida (Esper, 1791) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  34. Species Spongodes costatocyanea Burchardt, 1898 accepted as Stereonephthya costatocyanea (Burchardt, 1898) accepted as Chromonephthea costatocyanea (Burchardt, 1898) (original combination)
  35. Species Spongodes costatofulva Burchardt, 1898 accepted as Stereonephthya costatofulva (Burchardt, 1898) accepted as Chromonephthea costatofulva (Burchardt, 1898) (original combination)
  36. Species Spongodes crosslandi Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Dendronephthya crosslandi (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
  37. Species Spongodes debilis Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Nephthya debilis (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Nephthea debilis (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Litophyton debilis (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  38. Species Spongodes dendrophyta Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya dendrophyta (Wright & Studer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  39. Species Spongodes depressa Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya depressa (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  40. Species Spongodes digitata Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Nephthea digitata (Wright & Studer, 1889) accepted as Litophyton digitatum (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  41. Species Spongodes dispersa Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Spongodes robusta Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya robusta (Kükenthal, 1895) (synonym)
  42. Species Spongodes divaricata (Gray, 1862) accepted as Dendronephthya divaricata (Gray, 1862) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  43. Species Spongodes doederleini (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya doederleini Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  44. Species Spongodes echinata Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959 accepted as Dendronephthya echinata (Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  45. Species Spongodes ehrenbergi Kükenthal, 1904 accepted as Dendronephthya ehrenbergi (Kükenthal, 1904) (original combination)
  46. Species Spongodes elegans Harrison, 1908 accepted as Dendronephthya elegans (Harrison, 1908) (original combination)
  47. Species Spongodes elongata Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Nephthya elongata (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Nephthea elongata (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Litophyton elongatum (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  48. Species Spongodes flabellifera Studer, 1888 accepted as Dendronephthya flabellifera (Studer, 1888) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  49. Species Spongodes flabelligera Studer, 1888 accepted as Spongodes flabellifera Studer, 1888 accepted as Dendronephthya flabellifera (Studer, 1888) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
  50. Species Spongodes flava May, 1899 accepted as Dendronephthya flava (May, 1899) (original combination)
  51. Species Spongodes florida (Esper, 1791) accepted as Dendronephthya florida (Esper, 1791) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  52. Species Spongodes folifera Pütter, 1900 accepted as Dendronephthya folifera (Pütter, 1900) (original combination)
  53. Species Spongodes fusca Studer, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya fusca (Studer, 1895) (original combination)
  54. Species Spongodes gigantea Verrill, 1864 accepted as Dendronephthya gigantea (Verrill, 1864) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  55. Species Spongodes globulosa May, 1899 accepted as Nephthea globulosa (May, 1899) accepted as Litophyton globulosum (May, 1899) (original combination)
  56. Species Spongodes glomerata May, 1899 accepted as Nephthya concinna Kükenthal, 1905 accepted as Litophyton concinnum (Kükenthal, 1905) (pre-occupied)
  57. Species Spongodes glomerata Studer, 1888 accepted as Nephthya glomerata (Studer, 1888) accepted as Dendronephthya gigantea (Verrill, 1864) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, original combination)
  58. Species Spongodes gracilis Verrill, 1865 accepted as Dendronephthya gracilis (Verrill, 1865) (original combination)
  59. Species Spongodes grisea Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Nephthya grisea (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Nephthea grisea (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Litophyton griseum (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  60. Species Spongodes guggenheimi (Roxas, 1933) accepted as Dendronephthya guggenheimi Roxas, 1933 (changed combination)
  61. Species Spongodes hadzii Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959 accepted as Dendronephthya hadzii (Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  62. Species Spongodes hartmeyeri Kükenthal, 1903 accepted as Dendronephthya hartmeyeri (Kükenthal, 1903) (original combination)
  63. Species Spongodes hemprichi Klunzinger, 1877 accepted as Dendronephthya hemprichi (Klunzinger, 1877) (original combination)
  64. Species Spongodes heterocyathus Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya heterocyathus (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  65. Species Spongodes hicksoni (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya hicksoni Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  66. Species Spongodes holmii May, 1899 accepted as Dendronephthya involuta (Kükenthal, 1895) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  67. Species Spongodes indica (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) accepted as Scleronephthya indica (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  68. Species Spongodes indivisa Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Stereonephthya indivisa (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  69. Species Spongodes inermis Holm, 1895 accepted as Nephthya inermis (Holm, 1895) accepted as Nephthea inermis (Holm, 1895) accepted as Chromonephthea inermis (Holm, 1895) (original combination)
  70. Species Spongodes intermedia (Thomson & Dean, 1931) accepted as Dendronephthya intermedia Thomson & Dean, 1931 accepted as Chromonephthea intermedia (Thomson & Dean, 1931) (changed combination)
  71. Species Spongodes involuta Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya involuta (Kükenthal, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  72. Species Spongodes irregularis (Henderson, 1909) accepted as Dendronephthya irregularis Henderson, 1909 (changed combination)
  73. Species Spongodes klunzingeri Studer, 1888 accepted as Dendronephthya klunzingeri (Studer, 1888) (original combination)
  74. Species Spongodes koellikeri (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya koellikeri Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  75. Species Spongodes kükenthali (Gravier, 1908) accepted as Dendronephthya kukenthali Gravier, 1908 accepted as Dendronephthya perezi Cordeiro & van Ofwegen, 2018 (synonym)
  76. Species Spongodes kükenthali Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Dendronephthya kukenthali (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
  77. Species Spongodes lanxifera Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya lanxifera (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  78. Species Spongodes lateritia Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya armata (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  79. Species Spongodes laxa Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya laxa (Wright & Studer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  80. Species Spongodes lobulifera Holm, 1895 accepted as Nephthya lobulifera (Holm, 1895) accepted as Chromonephthea lobulifera (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  81. Species Spongodes macrospina Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya macrospina (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  82. Species Spongodes mayi Kükenthal, 1904 accepted as Dendronephthya mayi (Kükenthal, 1904) (original combination)
  83. Species Spongodes microspiculata Pütter, 1900 accepted as Dendronephthya microspiculata (Pütter, 1900) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  84. Species Spongodes mirabilis May, 1898 accepted as Dendronephthya robusta (Kükenthal, 1895) (synonym)
  85. Species Spongodes mollis Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya mollis (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  86. Species Spongodes monticulosa Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Dendronephthya monticulosa (Wright & Studer, 1889) (original combination)
  87. Species Spongodes mortenseni Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959 accepted as Dendronephthya mortenseni (Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959) (original combination)
  88. Species Spongodes moseri (Roxas, 1933) accepted as Dendronephthya moseri Roxas, 1933 (changed combination)
  89. Species Spongodes mucronata Pütter, 1900 accepted as Dendronephthya mucronata (Pütter, 1900) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  90. Species Spongodes nephthyaeformis Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Nephthya chabrolii Audouin, 1828 accepted as Nephthea chabrolii Audouin, 1828 accepted as Litophyton chabrolii (Audouin, 1828) (synonym)
  91. Species Spongodes nigra Kükenthal, 1895 accepted as Nephthya nigra (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Nephthea nigra (Kükenthal, 1895) accepted as Nephthea nigrescens Roxas, 1933 accepted as Litophyton nigrum (Kükenthal, 1895) (original combination)
  92. Species Spongodes nigrotincta Ridley, 1877 accepted as Dendronephthya nigrotincta (Ridley, 1887) (original combination)
  93. Species Spongodes nipponica (Utinomi, 1952) accepted as Dendronephthya nipponica Utinomi, 1952 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  94. Species Spongodes novaezeelandiae (Kükenthal, 1905) accepted as Dendronephthya novaezeelandiae Kükenthal, 1905 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  95. Species Spongodes ovata (Henderson, 1909) accepted as Dendronephthya ovata Henderson, 1909 (changed combination)
  96. Species Spongodes pallida Whitelegge, 1897 accepted as Scleronephthya pallida (Whitelegge, 1897) (original combination)
  97. Species Spongodes pallida Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya tenera (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  98. Species Spongodes pectinata Holm, 1895 accepted as Dendronephthya pectinata (Holm, 1895) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  99. Species Spongodes pharonis Thomson & McQueen, 1908 accepted as Dendronephthya pharonis (Thomson & McQueen, 1908) (original combination)
  100. Species Spongodes planoregularis Burchardt, 1898 accepted as Umbellulifera planoregularis (Burchardt, 1898) (original combination)
  101. Species Spongodes portoricensis Hargitt in Hargitt & Rogers, 1901 (unaccepted, original combination)
  102. Species Spongodes pulchra Thomson & Henderson, 1905 (unaccepted, original combination)
  103. Species Spongodes pumilio Studer, 1888 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  104. Species Spongodes punicea Studer, 1888 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  105. Species Spongodes pustulosa Wright & Studer, 1889 (unaccepted, original combination)
  106. Species Spongodes pütteri (Kükenthal, 1905) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  107. Species Spongodes pyramidalis Kükenthal, 1895 (unaccepted, original combination)
  108. Species Spongodes rakaiyae Hickson & Hiles, 1900 (unaccepted, original combination)
  109. Species Spongodes ramulosa Gray, 1862 (unaccepted, original combination, variant spelling)
  110. Species Spongodes ramulosa Klunzinger, 1878 (unaccepted, incorrect authority)
  111. Species Spongodes rhodosticta Wright & Studer, 1889 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  112. Species Spongodes rigida Studer, 1888 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  113. Species Spongodes robusta Kükenthal, 1895 (unaccepted, original combination)
  114. Species Spongodes roemeri (Kükenthal, 1911) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  115. Species Spongodes rosea Kükenthal, 1895 (unaccepted, original combination)
  116. Species Spongodes rubescens Harrison, 1908 (unaccepted, original combination)
  117. Species Spongodes rubra May, 1899 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  118. Species Spongodes Savignyi (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted, changed combination)
  119. Species Spongodes semperi Studer, 1888 (unaccepted, original combination)
  120. Species Spongodes sinensis Pütter, 1900 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  121. Species Spongodes spicata Wright & Studer, 1889 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  122. Species Spongodes spinifera Holm, 1895 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  123. Species Spongodes spinosa (Gray, 1862) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  124. Species Spongodes spinulosa (Gray, 1862) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  125. Species Spongodes splendens Kükenthal, 1895 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, original combination)
  126. Species Spongodes spongiosa Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  127. Species Spongodes stolonifera May, 1899 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  128. Species Spongodes studeri Ridley, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  129. Species Spongodes studeri May, 1899 (unaccepted > junior homonym, of Spongodes studeri Ridley, 1884)
  130. Species Spongodes suensoni Holm, 1895 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  131. Species Spongodes suesiana Thomson & McQueen, 1908 (unaccepted, original combination)
  132. Species Spongodes tenera Holm, 1895 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  133. Species Spongodes tenuis Kükenthal, 1895 (unaccepted, synonym)
  134. Species Spongodes thomsoni Harrison, 1908 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  135. Species Spongodes tuberculata (Utinomi, 1952) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  136. Species Spongodes ulex Holm, 1895 (unaccepted, original combination)
  137. Species Spongodes uliginosa Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (unaccepted, original combination)
  138. Species Spongodes umbellata Wright & Studer, 1889 (unaccepted, original combination)
  139. Species Spongodes unicolor Gray, 1862 (unaccepted, original combination)
  140. Species Spongodes utinomii Tixier-Durivault & Prevorsek, 1959 (unaccepted, original combination)
  141. Species Spongodes zanzibarensis Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (unaccepted, original combination)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Not documented
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Spongodes Lesson, 1831. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=267851 on 2025-05-07
Date
action
by
2008-01-14 11:18:07Z
created
van der Land, Jacob
2010-09-16 09:11:12Z
changed
van Ofwegen, Leen
2018-08-03 17:55:05Z
changed
Cordeiro, Ralf
2019-05-14 20:14:43Z
changed
McFadden, Cathy
2022-06-28 02:28:07Z
changed
McFadden, Cathy

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

basis of record van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details] 

Other

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Reinicke, G.B. (1997). Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. <em>Fauna of Saudi Arabia.</em> 16: 5-62.
page(s): 28 [details] 

additional source Tixier-Durivault, A.; Prevorsek, M. (1957). Validite du genre Spongodes Lesson, 1831. <em>Bulletin de la Museum Nationale d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Ser. 2.</em> 29(2): 172-179., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54851740 [details] 

additional source Tixier-Durivault, A.; Prevorsek, M. (1959). Revision de la famille des Nephtheidae. I. Le genre Spongodes Lesson, 1831. <em>Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.</em> 20: 1-148., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57359721 [details] 

additional source Van Soest, R.W.M. (1977). A catalogue of the coelenterate type specimens of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. III. Antipatharia, Pennatulacea, Stolonifera, Telestacea, Alcyonacea. <em>Beaufortia.</em> 26(332): 77-98.
page(s): 89 [details] 

additional source Tixier-Durivault, A. (1940). Contribution a l'étude du métabolisme du calcium et du fer chez l'Alcyonium palmatum Pallas. Annales de l'Institute Oceanographique, 20(1): 311-379, plate 1
page(s): 371, 375 [details] 

additional source Hickson, S. J. (1908). On the systematic position of Eunephthya maldivensis Hickson. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33(5-6): 173-176
page(s): 174, 175, 176 [details] 

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