WoRMS source details

Murray, J.W. (2006). Ecology and applications of benthic foraminifera. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press. 426pp.
164868
Murray, J.W.
2006
Ecology and applications of benthic foraminifera
Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press
426pp
Publication
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Celtic Sea for Acervulina inhaerens Schultze, 1854 
Celtic Sea for Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Bolivina difformis (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Bolivina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen & Earland, 1930 
Celtic Sea for Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny, 1839) 
Celtic Sea for Buliminella minutissima (Wright, 1902) 
Celtic Sea for Cassidulina laevigata d'Orbigny, 1826 
Celtic Sea for Cassidulina obtusa Williamson, 1858 
Celtic Sea for Cibicides lobatulus (Walker & Jacob, 1798) 
Celtic Sea for Clavulina obscura Chaster, 1892 
Celtic Sea for Deuterammina (Deuterammina) rotaliformis (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1911) 
Celtic Sea for Deuterammina (Lepidodeuterammina) ochracea (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Epistominella vitrea Parker, 1953 
Celtic Sea for Fissurina lagenoides (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Fissurina orbignyana Seguenza, 1862 
Celtic Sea for Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1913) 
Celtic Sea for Glabratella chasteri (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1913) 
Celtic Sea for Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady, 1881) 
Celtic Sea for Haplophragmoides fragile Höglund, 1947 
Celtic Sea for Labrospira jeffreysii (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Lagena hexagona (Williamson, 1848) 
Celtic Sea for Lamarckina haliotidea (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1911) 
Celtic Sea for Miliolinella elongata Kruit, 1955 
Celtic Sea for Miliolinella oblonga (Montagu, 1803) 
Celtic Sea for Neoconorbina millettii (Wright, 1911) 
Celtic Sea for Neoconorbina williamsoni (Chapman & Parr, 1932) 
Celtic Sea for Nonion pauperatum (Balkwill & Wright, 1885) 
Celtic Sea for Ophthalmidium balkwilli Macfadyen, 1939 
Celtic Sea for Patellina corrugata Williamson, 1858 
Celtic Sea for Planorbulina mediterranensis d'Orbigny, 1826 
Celtic Sea for Pninaella nitidula (Chaster, 1892) 
Celtic Sea for Polystomammina nitida (Brady, 1881) 
Celtic Sea for Portatrochammina murrayi Brönnimann & Zaninetti, 1984 
Celtic Sea for Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Celtic Sea for Remaneica helgolandica Rhumbler, 1938 
Celtic Sea for Reophax moniliformis Siddall, 1886 
Celtic Sea for Rosalina anomala Terquem, 1875 
Celtic Sea for Rosalina bradyi (Cushman, 1915) 
Celtic Sea for Rosalina neapolitana (Hofker, 1951) 
Celtic Sea for Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg, 1843 
Celtic Sea for Spiroplectinella sagittula (Defrance, 1824) 
Celtic Sea for Stainforthia fusiformis (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Textularia bigenerinoides Lacroix, 1932 
Celtic Sea for Textularia earlandi Parker, 1952 
Celtic Sea for Trifarina angulosa (Williamson, 1858) 
Celtic Sea for Tritaxis fusca (Williamson, 1858) 








































































































































































































 Ecology

Epifaunal, attached; bryozoa, shells, etc.; passive suspension feeder; marine; temperate to warm; 0–60 m; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, usually attached and immobile. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal or infaunal, free; fine sand; detritivore; marine; cold; shelf–abyssal. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal but also epifaunal in phytodetritus (Gooday, 1993; Heinz et al., 2001) [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; often associated with phytodetritus but also lives on sediment; normal marine; cold; deep sea. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, clinging; algal-covered carbonate gravels; herbivore, symbionts; marine; 18–26 ?C; 5–100 m; inner ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on sediment and hard substrates, especially coral rubble, sheltering in crevices in high-energy settings ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sand; detritivore; marine; 10 ?C; 20–700 m; shelf–upper bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; sediment; detritivore?; brackish; temperate–tropical; marshes. [details]

 Ecology

Brackish marshes and mangals, Texas, USA, to French Guiana. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sediment; detritivore; brackish–marine; temperate–tropical; brackish marshes and lagoons, ... [details]

 Ecology

Restricted to Europe; occasionally on marsh (Cearreta, 1988), mainly low intertidal to subtidal; salinity 15–29 ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal down to at least 9 cm, subtidal in microtidal estuaries. [details]

 Ecology

A minor to subsidiary species on brackish marshes; dominant in mangals in French Guiana. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal down to 10cm on brackish marshes and lagoons, salinity 0–25, temperature 0–27 °C, Massachusetts, USA, ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal in lagoons, salinity 34, temperature 17–28 °C, North Carolina to Texas, USA (Buzas and Severin, 1982; ... [details]

 Ecology

Salinity 20–32, temperature 4–14 °C, on organic-rich muddy sediment, dominant in deeper water close to the ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; sediment; detritivore?; marine; cold; shelf–upper bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sand; herbivore?; brackish, marine, hypersaline; warm temperate–tropical; 0–50 m; brackish ... [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal in anoxic sediment, also in surface sediment; colonises macrofaunal burrows to feed on the bacteria ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; sediment; detritivore; brackish–marine; cold–temperate; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

In Europe, common only in fine to medium sand with 20% mud, and low TOC (0.2–0.7%), salinity 16–18, ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sediment; detritivore; brackish; 0–30 °C; 0–10 m; tidal marshes, brackish lagoons and ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal detritivore lying horizontally in the top 5cm of sediment and possibly indicating the halocline (Olsson, 1976; ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal down to 10 cm, detritivore (including bacteria, Matera and Lee, 1972), marshes on Pacific North America ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, clinging; phytal, carbonate sediment; herbivore, symbionts; marine; 19–26 °C; 0–50 m; lagoon, nearshore. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal/epiphytic on hard substrates including seagrass; dinoflagellate symbionts; test large (up to 1.5 cm); may ... [details]

 Ecology

Epiphytic on seagrasses and less commonly on algae; has endosymbiotic dinoflagellates; stenohaline (salinity 35–42; ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; phytal, coarse carbonate; herbivore, symbionts; marine; winter minimum 15 ?C, generally 20 °C; 0–130 ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal mainly on hard substrates; one of the deepest-dwelling Amphistegina species, 60–120 m; Indo-Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal; Atlantic Ocean. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on sediment and hard substrates; occurs over a broad depth range of 0–90 m; the umbiliconvex form is ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on substrates in high-energy settings and on sand in sheltered settings between coral rubble covered in ... [details]

 Ecology

Mainly on sandy substrates; one of the deepest of the Amphistegina species. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, mainly on hard substrates but sometimes on sediment; below fair-weather wave base, 20–90 m; Indo-Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epiphytic on green filamentous algae and on rhizomes of Thalassia; probably has endosymbionts; euryhaline in Florida ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, clinging; phytal; herbivore, symbionts; marine; >22 °C; 0–20 m; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, epiphytic on seagrass; chlorophyte symbionts; 0–20 m; salinity 35–42; confined to the Atlantic Ocean, ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal and infaunal, free or clinging; muddy sediment; herbivore; brackish–hypersaline; 0–30 ?C; mainly ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, and infaunal down to 60cm, abundant on Gulf of Mexico marshes in Salicornia–Spartina zones and ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; phytal or sediment; marine–hypersaline; >20 °C; 0–3500 m; inner shelf–bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sediment; herbivore?; marine; 0–100 m; subtropical–tropical; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sediment; herbivore?; marine; temperate; 0–100 m; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sediment; herbivore?; marine; subtropical–tropical; inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal–infaunal, free–clinging; muddy sediment; detritivore?; marine; cold; shelf–bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, sessile; sediment; passive suspension feeder/carnivore; marine; cold–temperate; shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal; sometimes close to sediment mounds produced by burrowing crustaceans; probably a suspension feeder ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; sediment; slightly brackish; temperate to warm; lagoons, inner shelf [details]

 Ecology

Subsidiary in Venice lagoon, salinity 28–32, temperature 6–27 °C (Donicci et al., 1997); this is a warm-water ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, clinging; phytal; herbivore, symbionts; marine; >25 °C; 0–10 m; coral reefs, lagoons. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, reef flat pools clinging to algae, <10 m; western Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on hard substrates such as coral rubble; a deep form, 15–80 m; core of the Indo-Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; detritivore?; very euryhaline; uppermost tidal marsh [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, sometimes clinging to algal filaments; characteristic of low-salinity brackish high marsh closest to ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free?; sediment; marine; cold; upper bathyal [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal; living more-or-less horizontally in the upper 5cm of sediment; deposit feeder (Gooday et al., 1992a, ... [details]

 Ecology

Upright tubes extending out of the sediment; feed on detrital material from the sediment surface in areas of high ... [details]

 Ecology

Upright tubes extending out of the sediment; feed on detrital material from the sediment surface in areas of high ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal?, free; sediment; omnivore; marine; temperate–warm; shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal–epifaunal, free; muddy sediment; some species tolerate dysoxia; detritivore?; marine; cold–warm; inner ... [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal, oxic but can tolerate dysoxia (Douglas, 1981). [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal, oxic environments (Douglas, 1981). [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal, tolerant of dysoxia 22 to <76 µM (0.5 to <1.7 ml l-1, Douglas, 1981). [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; muddy sediment; marine; temperate–cold; shelf–upper bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sediment; marine–slightly brackish; temperate; inner shelf and marginal marine [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; algal-coated substrates, seagrass and coarse sediment; herbivore, symbionts; marine; 18–26 ?C; ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on hard substrates and epiphytic on seagrass; diatom symbionts; back-reef coral rubble and coral sand; ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on hard substrates and epiphytic on seagrass; diatom symbionts; back-reef coral rubble and coral sand; ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sediment; some species tolerate dysoxia; detritivore; marine; cold–temperate; marginal ... [details]

 Ecology

A facultative anaerobe (Sen Gupta et al., 1997); a high-flux species (Gooday, 2003) and associated with methane seeps. [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal, tolerant of dysoxia <18 µM (<0.4ml l-1, Douglas, 1981; Bernhard et al., 1997). [details]

 Ecology

A facultative anaerobe (Sen Gupta et al., 1997). [details]

 Ecology

Dominant in Indian River lagoon, USA, and Jamaica, and widely present in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean; mangal, ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal?, free; muddy sediment; detritivore?; marine; cold–temperate; 0–100 m; lagoons–inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Locally subsidiary to dominant in Svalbard fjords at depths 100m and Russian estuaries, southern limit in ... [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; mud–fine sand; some species tolerate dysoxia; detritivore?; marine; cold–temperate; inner ... [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal in anoxic sediment, also in surface sediment; colonises macrofaunal burrows to feed on the bacteria ... [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal (Jorissen et al., 1998). [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal (Jorissen et al., 1998). [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal to at least 4 cm; shows a strong positive correlation with %TOC and a negative correlation with % coarse ... [details]

 Ecology

Shallow infaunal, tolerates dysoxia 1–15 µM (Bernhard et al., 1997). [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; muddy sediment; detritivore?; marine; temperate; mainly shelf but also lagoons and upper bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sediment; herbivore, symbionts; marine; 18–26 °C; 0–70 m; lagoons, reefs, inner shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal; avoids wave influence at the reef crest, 10–30 m; western Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, reef flat pools clinging to algae, <10 m; western Pacific. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal and epiphytic on algae; the most abundant calcarinid, 0–70m but mainly below fair-weather wave base; ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal on exposed slopes of reefs and hard substrates where it attaches itself using protoplasmic plugs at the ... [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, free; sediment; detritivore?; marine; temperate–subtropical; 50–150 m; shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal; prefers high organic flux (Altenbach et al., 1999). [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, free; mud; detritivore; marine; temperate; shelf. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal or epifaunal, free; mud, sand; detritivore; marine; cold–temperate; shelf–bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, strong positive correlation with % coarse sand and negative correlation with fine sediment and %TOC off ... [details]

 Ecology

A facultative anaerobe (Sen Gupta et al., 1997). [details]

 Ecology

Prefers cold (<1 °C) water of normal salinity >34.5 (Korsun and Hald, 1998). [details]

 Ecology

Typical of cold waters (-11 °C) in high latitudes (Mackensen and Hald, 1988). [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal, free; mud; tolerates dysoxia; detritivore; marine; outer shelf–bathyal. [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal (Jorissen et al., 1998). [details]

 Ecology

Deep infaunal; tolerates dysoxia (Schönfeld, 2001). [details]

 Ecology

Infaunal, tolerates dysoxia (Bernhard et al., 1997). [details]

 Ecology

Epifaunal, attached; hard substrates in high energy; passive suspension feeder?; marine; cold–warm; 0–2000 m; ... [details]