Forbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369�378., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276 page(s): 369. [details]
Land J. van der (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). Thalassematinae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=234514 on 2025-05-27
original descriptionForbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369�378., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276 page(s): 369. [details]
additional sourceForbes, E. (1841). A history of British Starfishes and other animals of the class Echinodermata. <em>London; John Van Voorst.</em> 267 pp., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2061567[details]
status sourceNishikawa, T. (1998). Nomenclatural remarks on the family-group names of the Phylum Echiura. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 111(2): 249�256., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35459003[details]
status sourceStephen, A. C., Edmonds, S. J. (1972). The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.[details]
status sourceGoto, R. (2016). A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of spoon worms (Echiura, Annelida): implications for morphological evolution, the origin of dwarf males, and habitat shifts. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 99: 247�260., available online athttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316000713 note: Treated as a family separate from Echiuridae [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality