Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2018). World Polychaeta database. Myzostomida. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/polychaeta/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=233983 on 2018-04-24
taxonomy source Rouse, G. W.; Pleijel, F. (2001). Polychaetes. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK [etc.]. ISBN 0-19-850608-2. 354 pp. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 125 [details]
taxonomy source Grygier, Mark. (2000). Class Myzostomida. p. 297-329 In: Beesley, P.L.; Ross, G.B.; Glasby, C.J. (eds). Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4A Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.. [details]
taxonomy source Graff, Ludwig von. (1884). Report on the Myzostomida collected during the voyage of H.M.Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76. 10 (part 27): 1-82, 16 pl., available online athttp://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-27/htm/doc.html[details]
taxonomy source Summers, Mindi M.; Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat.; Rouse, Greg W. (2014). Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida). Zootaxa. 3873(4): 301-344., available online athttps://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.1[details]
taxonomy source Summers, Mindi M.; Rouse, Greg W. (2014). Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14(1): 170., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0170-7[details]
additional source Helm, Conrad; Stevenson, Paul A.; Rouse, Greg W.; Bleidorn, Christoph. (2014). Immunohistochemical investigations of Myzostoma cirriferum and Mesomyzostoma cf. katoi (Myzostomida, Annelida) with implications for the evolution of the myzostomid body plan. Zoomorphology. 133(3): 257-271., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-014-0221-z page(s): [evolution of segmentation] [details]
status source Mwinyi, A.; Meyer, A.; Bleidorn, C.; Lieb, B.; Bartolomaeus, T.; Podsiadlowski, L. (2009). Mitochondrial genome sequence and gene order of Sipunculus nudus give additional support for an inclusion of Sipuncula into Annelida. BMC Genomics. 10(1): 27., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-27[details]
status source Wang, Y.; Xie, Q. (2014). The Molecular Symplesiomorphies Shared by the Stem Groups of Metazoan Evolution: Can Sites as Few as 1% Have a Significant Impact on Recognizing the Phylogenetic Position of Myzostomida?. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 79(1-2): 63-74., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-014-9635-y page(s): [Position of Myzostomida unresolved] [details]
ecology source Jumars, Peter A.; Dorgan, Kelly M.; Lindsay, Sara M. (2015). Diet of Worms Emended: An Update of Polychaete Feeding Guilds. Annual Review of Marine Science. 7(1): 497-520., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-020007 page(s): supplement A169 [details]
From editor or global species database
Classification Myzostomida have apparent morphological affinities to Polychaeta, and have been treated as a group within Phyllodocida. The position of Myzostomida is unresolved and recent molecular studies have not placed Myzostomida close to Polychaeta (uncertain if real or artifactual placement), although authors find similarities (just for example their planktonic larvae look very polychaete like). Myzostomida are placed in Annelida based on mitochondrial gene orders (Mwinyi et al. 2009) [details] Ecology Most Myzostomida are free-living associates of crinoid echinoderms. Some are encysted by the host in galls, some are endoparasitic. Others live on basket-stars, asteroids, or ophiuroids. Jumars et al (2015:A169) have further family-level feeding analysis [details]