Copepoda taxon details

Microcyclops Claus, 1893

347501  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:347501)

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  1. Subgenus Microcyclops (Mediocyclops) Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
    1. Species Microcyclops (Mediocyclops) variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
  2. Species Microcyclops afghanicus Lindberg, 1948
  3. Species Microcyclops alius Kiefer, 1935
  4. Species Microcyclops arenicola Kiefer, 1960
  5. Species Microcyclops atongae Fryer, 1957
  6. Species Microcyclops ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)
  7. Species Microcyclops crassipes (Sars G.O., 1927)
  8. Species Microcyclops cunningtoni (Sars G.O., 1909)
  9. Species Microcyclops davidi (Chappuis, 1922)
  10. Species Microcyclops diminutus Lindberg, 1937
  11. Species Microcyclops dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934)
  12. Species Microcyclops echinatus Fiers, Ghenne & Suárez-Morales, 2000
  13. Species Microcyclops elegans Dussart & Fernando, 1985
  14. Species Microcyclops elgonensis Kiefer, 1932
  15. Species Microcyclops elongatus (Lowndes, 1934)
  16. Species Microcyclops feuerborni Kiefer, 1933
  17. Species Microcyclops finitimus Dussart, 1984
  18. Species Microcyclops inarmatus Gutiérrez-Aguirre & Cervantes-Martínez, 2016
  19. Species Microcyclops indolusitanus (Lindberg, 1938)
  20. Species Microcyclops inopinatus (Sars G.O., 1927)
  21. Species Microcyclops jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933)
  22. Species Microcyclops karvei Kiefer & Moorthy, 1935
  23. Species Microcyclops longispinosus Shen & Tai, 1964
  24. Species Microcyclops mediasetosus Dussart & Frutos, 1985
  25. Species Microcyclops medius Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  26. Species Microcyclops microsetus Yeatman, 1983
  27. Species Microcyclops minor Dussart, 1984
  28. Species Microcyclops moghulensis (Lindberg, 1939)
  29. Species Microcyclops obscuratus Fryer, 1956
  30. Species Microcyclops pachycomus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  31. Species Microcyclops pachyspina Lindberg, 1937
  32. Species Microcyclops paraplesius (Kiefer, 1929)
  33. Species Microcyclops pseudoopercularis Lindberg, 1957
  34. Species Microcyclops pumilis Pennak & Ward, 1985
  35. Species Microcyclops raynerae Mnisi & Dippenaar, 2019
  36. Species Microcyclops rechtyae Lindberg, 1960
  37. Species Microcyclops richardi (Lindberg, 1942)
  38. Species Microcyclops robustus Shen & Sung, 1965
  39. Species Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
  40. Species Microcyclops semilunaris Lindberg, 1952
  41. Species Microcyclops subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928)
  42. Species Microcyclops sumatranus (Kiefer, 1930)
  43. Species Microcyclops transactor Plesa, 1981
  44. Species Microcyclops uenoi Kiefer, 1937
  45. Species Microcyclops vaillanti Lindberg, 1957
  46. Species Microcyclops anninae (Menzel, 1926) accepted as Bryocyclops anninae (Menzel, 1926)
  47. Species Microcyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908) accepted as Metacyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908) accepted as Pescecyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908)
  48. Species Microcyclops assimilis (Sars G.O., 1927) accepted as Metacyclops necessarius (Kiefer, 1926)
  49. Species Microcyclops attenuatus (Sars G.O., 1909) accepted as Cryptocyclops attenuatus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  50. Species Microcyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863) accepted as Cryptocyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops bicolor breviramus Fryer, 1957
  51. Species Microcyclops brevifurca (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Neutrocyclops brevifurca (Lowndes, 1934)
  52. Species Microcyclops caudatus (Sars G.O., 1927) accepted as Cryptocyclops caudatus Sars G.O., 1927
  53. Species Microcyclops dengizicus (Lepeshkin, 1900) accepted as Apocyclops dengizicus dengizicus (Lepeshkin, 1900)
  54. Species Microcyclops diversus (Kiefer, 1935) accepted as Microcyclops ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)
  55. Species Microcyclops exiguus (Sars G.O., 1909) accepted as Cryptocyclops exiguus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  56. Species Microcyclops exsulis (Gauthier, 1951) accepted as Metacyclops exsulis (Gauthier, 1951)
  57. Species Microcyclops falsus (Kiefer, 1929) accepted as Cryptocyclops falsus (Kiefer, 1929)
  58. Species Microcyclops furcatus (Baird, 1837) accepted as Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837) represented as Tisbe furcata furcata (Baird, 1837)
  59. Species Microcyclops gemellus Gurney, 1928 accepted as Cryptocyclops gemellus Gurney, 1928
  60. Species Microcyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853) accepted as Metacyclops gracilis gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops gracilis gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops gracilis margaretae Lindberg, 1938 accepted as Metacyclops gracilis margaretae (Lindberg, 1940) accepted as Metacyclops margaretae Lindberg, 1938
  61. Species Microcyclops inchoatus Shen & Sung, 1965 accepted as Cryptocyclops inchoatus Shen & Sung, 1965
  62. Species Microcyclops intermedius Shen & Tai, 1964 accepted as Cryptocyclops intermedius (Shen & Tai, 1964)
  63. Species Microcyclops kentanensis (Harada, 1931) accepted as Cryptocyclops kentanensis (Harada, 1931)
  64. Species Microcyclops laticornis (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Metacyclops laticornis (Lowndes, 1934)
  65. Species Microcyclops leptopus (Kiefer, 1927) accepted as Metacyclops leptopus (Kiefer, 1927) represented as Metacyclops leptopus leptopus (Kiefer, 1927)
  66. Species Microcyclops levis (Kiefer, 1952) accepted as Cryptocyclops levis Kiefer, 1952
  67. Species Microcyclops linjanticus (Kiefer, 1928) accepted as Cryptocyclops linjanticus (Kiefer, 1928)
  68. Species Microcyclops longiarticulatus Shen & Tai, 1964 accepted as Cryptocyclops longiarticulatus (Shen & Tai, 1964)
  69. Species Microcyclops longiramus Shen & Sung, 1965 accepted as Microcyclops afghanicus Lindberg, 1948 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  70. Species Microcyclops margaretae (Lindberg, 1938) accepted as Metacyclops margaretae Lindberg, 1938
  71. Species Microcyclops mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892) accepted as Metacyclops mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892) represented as Metacyclops mendocinus mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892)
  72. Species Microcyclops minimus (Kiefer, 1930) accepted as Microcyclops elgonensis Kiefer, 1932
  73. Species Microcyclops minutus Claus, 1863 accepted as Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) represented as Metacyclops minutus minutus (Claus, 1863)
  74. Species Microcyclops monacanthus (Kiefer, 1928) accepted as Pescecyclops monacanthus (Kiefer, 1928)
  75. Species Microcyclops nyasae Fryer, 1957 accepted as Cryptocyclops nyasae (Fryer, 1957)
  76. Species Microcyclops paludicola (Herbst, 1959) accepted as Metacyclops paludicola (Herbst, 1959)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops paludicola dentatus (Plesa, 1981)
  77. Species Microcyclops panamensis (Marsh, 1913) accepted as Apocyclops panamensis (Marsh, 1913)
  78. Species Microcyclops planus (Gurney, 1909) accepted as Metacyclops planus (Gurney, 1909)
  79. Species Microcyclops postojnae (Brancelj, 1987) accepted as Metacyclops postojnae Brancelj, 1987
  80. Species Microcyclops pseudoanceps Green, 1962 accepted as Metacyclops pseudoanceps (Green, 1962)
  81. Species Microcyclops sydneyensis (Schmeil, 1898) accepted as Australocyclops australis (Sars G.O., 1896) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  82. Species Microcyclops symoensi (Kiefer, 1956) accepted as Cryptocyclops symoensi Kiefer, 1956
  83. Species Microcyclops tanganicae Gurney, 1928 accepted as Cryptocyclops tanganicae (Gurney, 1928)
  84. Species Microcyclops tredecimus (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Metacyclops tredecimus (Lowndes, 1934)
  85. Species Microcyclops tricolor (Lindberg, 1937) accepted as Cryptocyclops tricolor (Lindberg, 1937)
  86. Species Microcyclops triumvirorum Kiefer, 1935 accepted as Microcyclops jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  87. Species Microcyclops uviranus (Kiefer, 1958) accepted as Cryptocyclops uviranus Kiefer, 1958
  88. Species Microcyclops anceps (Richard, 1897) represented as Microcyclops anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps pauxensis Herbst, 1962
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps minor Dussart, 1984 accepted as Microcyclops minor Dussart, 1984
  89. Species Microcyclops javanus Kiefer, 1930 represented as Cyclops (Microcyclops) javanus Kiefer, 1930 accepted as Cryptocyclops javanus (Kiefer, 1930)
  90. Species Microcyclops rubelloides Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides major Dussart, 1977
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides opercularis Kiefer, 1952
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
  91. Species Microcyclops variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986 represented as Microcyclops variabilis variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops variabilis rubellus Monchenko, 1988
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops variabilis variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
  92. Species Microcyclops varicans (Sars G.O., 1863) represented as Microcyclops varicans varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans bitaenia Fryer, 1957
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans dojranensis Petkovski, 1954
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans subaequalis Kiefer, 1928
    4. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)
    5. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans furcatus (Daday, 1905) accepted as Microcyclops furcatus (Baird, 1837) accepted as Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837) represented as Tisbe furcata furcata (Baird, 1837)
    6. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans rubens (Wolf, 1905) accepted as Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
    7. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans pachyspina (Lindberg, 1937) represented as Microcyclops pachyspina Lindberg, 1937
    8. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) represented as Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
  93. Species Microcyclops diaphanus (Fischer, 1853) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Claus, C. (1893). Über die Antennen der Cyclopiden und die Auflösung der Gattung Cyclops in Gattungen und Untergattungen. <em>Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse.</em> 30(9):79-83. [details]  OpenAccess publication 
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro-...  
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro- and Cyrpto- cyclops, this is only a background informational summary of the current understanding of the two genera and their common and different affinities.

"Claus (1893) erected the genus Microcyclops, which included the species: M. diaphanus G.O.Sars (=M. minutus Claus), gracilis Lilljeborg, bicolor G.O. Sars, varicans G.O. Sars. Claus (1893) did not designate the type species.

Sars (1927) erected the genus Cryptocyclops, which included the species: varicans G.O. Sars, bicolor G.O. Sars, C. gracilis Lilljeborg, attenuatus G.O. Sars, exiguus G.O. Sars, cunnningtoni G.O. Sars, pachycomus G.O. Sars, assimilis G.O. Sars, crassipes G.O. Sars, caudatus G.O. Sars, inopinatus G.O. Sars.
Sars (1927) wrote about Cryptocyclops assimilis “allied to the typical species C. varicans G.O. Sars,” Such a wording, however, is ambiguous and should not be considered as unequivocal designation of the type species (see below article ICZN 67.5).

ICZN 67.5
“Examples. A statement such as any of the following is not to be regarded as a type designation in the meaning of the Code: "Aus xus is a typical example of the genus Aus"; "the venation of the anterior wings of Aus xus is typical of the genus Aus"; "Aus xus may possibly be the type of Aus".
Microcyclops and Cryptocyclops are not objective synonyms, which would be the case if they would have had the same type species.

Sars’ Cryptocyclops includes the species in Claus’s Microcyclops; therefore Microcyclops was considered as senior (subjective) synonym in next few decades.
Kiefer 1929 [“Zur Kenntnis einiger Artengruppen der Süsswasser-Cyclopiden”] considered Sars’ Cryptocyclops as “completely identical” with Microcyclops, yet in this same work he distinguished two lineages within Microcyclops, namely varicans and bicolor.
“Wie oben die in der untergattung Microcyclops vereinigten Formen sich in zwei naturliche aste gliederten [varicans and bicolor]

Kiefer 1929 [“Crustacea Copepoda II Cyclopoida Gnathostoma”] used the classification Genus Cyclops, Subgenus Microcyclops and designated two(!) types:
“Typen: C. (M.) varicans O. Sars und C. (M.) bicolor O. Sars”
Designation of these two types corresponds to Kiefer’s opinion about the two evolutionary lineages within Microcyclops, yet two species cannot be designated as a type of single (sub)genus, therefore the type designation in Kiefer, 1929 cannot be considered as valid.


Remarks from Maria Holynska Feb 2023


Kiefer 1939 [“Yale North India Expedition”] used the classification Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) for the species linjanticus

Kiefer 1952 [“Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)”]
The classification applied,“Gattung Cryptocyclops Sars, 1927”
Kiefer wrote as follows
In meiner Arbeit uber die freilebenden Ruderfusskrebse der “Yale North India Expedition” (Kiefer, 1939 habe ich die bis dahin gebrauchlichen Untergattungen innerhalb der Familie der Cyclopidae zu selbstandingen Gattungen erhoben. Lediglich die Gattung Microcyclops ist damals noch zwei Untergattungen aufgeteilt geblieben, namlich in Microcyclops s. str. un Cryptocyclops. Heute scheint es mir angebracht, auch diese beiden Gruppen noch als letze zu verselbstandigen. Die varicans-Verwandten sind im Genus Microcyclops Claus 1893, zusammenzufassen. Fur die bicolor-Ahnlichen aber ist die Bezeichnung Cryptocyclops Sars 1927 als Gattungnamen anzuwenden. ...Typus der Gattung Microcyclops ist M. varicans (Sars), Genotypus von Cryptocyclops die Art bicolor (Sars).”

“In my work on the free-living copepods of the Yale North India Expedition (Kiefer, 1939), I elevated the previously used subgenera within the family Cyclopidae to independent genera. Only the genus Microcyclops remained divided into two subgenera, namely Microcyclops s. str. and Cryptocyclops [it was mentioned as Cryptocyclops “Untergattung S [details]
Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (2024). World of Copepods Database. Microcyclops Claus, 1893. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=347501 on 2024-03-19
Date
action
by
2008-07-15 11:49:29Z
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2015-07-13 11:03:02Z
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2020-11-29 13:45:09Z
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original description Claus, C. (1893). Über die Antennen der Cyclopiden und die Auflösung der Gattung Cyclops in Gattungen und Untergattungen. <em>Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse.</em> 30(9):79-83. [details]  OpenAccess publication 

basis of record Walter, T. Chad. The World of Copepods. International online database. , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda [details]   

additional source Monchenko, V.I. (1974). Shchelepnoroti tsiklopodiny, tsiklopi (Cyclopidae). Gnathostoma, Cyclopoida, (Cyclopidae). <em>Fauna Ukrainy, Fauna of Ukraine, Vidavnitstvo Naukova Dumka, Kiev.</em> 27(3):1-452, figs. 1-142. (28-vi-1974, Ukrainian). [details]  Available for editors  PDF available 

additional source Sars, G.O. (1927). The freshwater Entomostraca of the Cape Province (Union of South Africa). Part III: Copepoda. <em>Annals of the South African Museum.</em> 25(5): 85-149. [details]  Available for editors  PDF available 

additional source Rylov, V.M. (1963). Freshwater Cyclopoida. Cyclopoida presnykh vod. <em>Fauna of USSR, Crustacea.</em> 3(3): i-vi, 1-314, figs. 1-79. ( Translation by Israel Program Scient. Trans. of Rylov, V.M. (1948). Cyclopoida presnyk vod. Cyclopoid fauna. Fauna SSSR Rakoobraznye, Moscow. 3(3):1-318, figs. 1-79. [details]  Available for editors  PDF available 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro- and Cyrpto- cyclops, this is only a background informational summary of the current understanding of the two genera and their common and different affinities.

"Claus (1893) erected the genus Microcyclops, which included the species: M. diaphanus G.O.Sars (=M. minutus Claus), gracilis Lilljeborg, bicolor G.O. Sars, varicans G.O. Sars. Claus (1893) did not designate the type species.

Sars (1927) erected the genus Cryptocyclops, which included the species: varicans G.O. Sars, bicolor G.O. Sars, C. gracilis Lilljeborg, attenuatus G.O. Sars, exiguus G.O. Sars, cunnningtoni G.O. Sars, pachycomus G.O. Sars, assimilis G.O. Sars, crassipes G.O. Sars, caudatus G.O. Sars, inopinatus G.O. Sars.
Sars (1927) wrote about Cryptocyclops assimilis “allied to the typical species C. varicans G.O. Sars,” Such a wording, however, is ambiguous and should not be considered as unequivocal designation of the type species (see below article ICZN 67.5).

ICZN 67.5
“Examples. A statement such as any of the following is not to be regarded as a type designation in the meaning of the Code: "Aus xus is a typical example of the genus Aus"; "the venation of the anterior wings of Aus xus is typical of the genus Aus"; "Aus xus may possibly be the type of Aus".
Microcyclops and Cryptocyclops are not objective synonyms, which would be the case if they would have had the same type species.

Sars’ Cryptocyclops includes the species in Claus’s Microcyclops; therefore Microcyclops was considered as senior (subjective) synonym in next few decades.
Kiefer 1929 [“Zur Kenntnis einiger Artengruppen der Süsswasser-Cyclopiden”] considered Sars’ Cryptocyclops as “completely identical” with Microcyclops, yet in this same work he distinguished two lineages within Microcyclops, namely varicans and bicolor.
“Wie oben die in der untergattung Microcyclops vereinigten Formen sich in zwei naturliche aste gliederten [varicans and bicolor]

Kiefer 1929 [“Crustacea Copepoda II Cyclopoida Gnathostoma”] used the classification Genus Cyclops, Subgenus Microcyclops and designated two(!) types:
“Typen: C. (M.) varicans O. Sars und C. (M.) bicolor O. Sars”
Designation of these two types corresponds to Kiefer’s opinion about the two evolutionary lineages within Microcyclops, yet two species cannot be designated as a type of single (sub)genus, therefore the type designation in Kiefer, 1929 cannot be considered as valid.


Remarks from Maria Holynska Feb 2023


Kiefer 1939 [“Yale North India Expedition”] used the classification Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) for the species linjanticus

Kiefer 1952 [“Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)”]
The classification applied,“Gattung Cryptocyclops Sars, 1927”
Kiefer wrote as follows
In meiner Arbeit uber die freilebenden Ruderfusskrebse der “Yale North India Expedition” (Kiefer, 1939 habe ich die bis dahin gebrauchlichen Untergattungen innerhalb der Familie der Cyclopidae zu selbstandingen Gattungen erhoben. Lediglich die Gattung Microcyclops ist damals noch zwei Untergattungen aufgeteilt geblieben, namlich in Microcyclops s. str. un Cryptocyclops. Heute scheint es mir angebracht, auch diese beiden Gruppen noch als letze zu verselbstandigen. Die varicans-Verwandten sind im Genus Microcyclops Claus 1893, zusammenzufassen. Fur die bicolor-Ahnlichen aber ist die Bezeichnung Cryptocyclops Sars 1927 als Gattungnamen anzuwenden. ...Typus der Gattung Microcyclops ist M. varicans (Sars), Genotypus von Cryptocyclops die Art bicolor (Sars).”

“In my work on the free-living copepods of the Yale North India Expedition (Kiefer, 1939), I elevated the previously used subgenera within the family Cyclopidae to independent genera. Only the genus Microcyclops remained divided into two subgenera, namely Microcyclops s. str. and Cryptocyclops [it was mentioned as Cryptocyclops “Untergattung S [details]