WoRMS taxon details
Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis, 1768)
288843 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:288843)
accepted
Species
Actinia sociata Ellis, 1768 · unaccepted
Hydra sociata (Ellis, 1768) · unaccepted
Zoanthus (Rhyzanthus) sociatus (Ellis, 1768) · alternative representation
Zoanthus flos-marinus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 · unaccepted
Zoanthus nobilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 · unaccepted
Zoanthus poriticola Pax, 1910 · unaccepted
Zoanthus proteus Verrill, 1900 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Actinia sociata Ellis, 1768) Ellis, J. (1768). An account of the Actinia sociata, or clustered animal-flower, lately found on the sea-coasts of the new-ceded islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 57, 2, 428-437
page(s): 436 [details]
page(s): 436 [details]
Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2024). World List of Zoantharia. Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis, 1768). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288843 on 2024-05-26
Date
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original description
(of Zoanthus flos-marinus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332
page(s): 50 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus nobilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332
page(s): 50 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus poriticola Pax, 1910) Pax, F. (1910). Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Suppl. 11(2): 157-330
page(s): 162, 164, 244-246, 284 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus proteus Verrill, 1900) Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates.
page(s): 561, 566 [details]
original description (of Actinia sociata Ellis, 1768) Ellis, J. (1768). An account of the Actinia sociata, or clustered animal-flower, lately found on the sea-coasts of the new-ceded islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 57, 2, 428-437
page(s): 436 [details]
context source (Bermuda) Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. <em>Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley.</em> 742 pp (Nemertini part). [details] Available for editors
[request]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Reimer, Ono, Iwama, Takishita, Tsukahara & Maruyama. 2006. Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan with description of two new species. Zoological Science Volume: 23 Issue: 3 Pages: 261-275
page(s): 273 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M. (2009). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Zoanthidea (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 349-357. <em>in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.</em> A&M University Press, College Station, Texas., available online at http://biogomx.net/sites/default/files/pdfs/chapters/15-Fautin%20and%20Daly%202009-Actinians%20of%20the%20GoMx.pdf [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., J.C. den Hartog & C. Arneson. (1986). Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). <em>In: Sterrer, W. (ed.). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA.</em> pp. 159-194.
page(s): 189, 191 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332
page(s): 50 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
page(s): 13 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672.
page(s): 621, 626, 629 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Actiniæ: I. Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (13): 673-701., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14865820
page(s): 676, 679 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1898). Jamaican Actiniaria. Part I. Zoantheae. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, 329–384.
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additional source Verrill, A.E. (1907). The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and part V. An account of the coral reefs. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 12: 45-348., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14214322
page(s): 289-291 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 299 [details]
additional source Haddon A. C.; Duerden J. E. (1896). On some Actiniaria from Australia and other districts. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, II, 6, 139-172.
page(s): 142 [details]
additional source McMurrich J.P. (1898). Report on the Actiniaria collected by the Bahama Expedition of the State University of Iowa, 1893. <em>Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the State University of Iowa.</em> v. 4, no. 3, p. 225-249.
page(s): 242 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1889). A contribution to the actinology of the Bermudas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 41: 102-126
page(s): 113, 114, 116, 119 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates.
page(s): 561, 566 [details]
additional source Sterrer, W.E. (1992). Bermuda's Marine Life. <em>Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda.</em> 307 pp.
page(s): 60 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Kaplan, E. H. (1982). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs: Caribbean and Florida. <em>Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.</em> pp 289.
page(s): 27, 77 [details]
additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
page(s): 272, 273, 274, 283 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1907). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa. Verrill, A. E. New Haven, Conn., chapter 5, edition 2nd, volume 1, pp. 551-572
page(s): 561 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374
page(s): 329, 331, 332, 334-336 [details]
additional source Farrell, T. M.; D'Elia, C. F.; Lubbers, L.; Pastor, L. J. (1983). Hermatypic coral diversity and reef zonation at Cayos Arcas, Campeche, Gulf of Mexico. Atoll Research Bulletin, (270): 1-7
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source Goreau, T. F. (1959). The ecology of Jamaican coral reefs. 1. Species composition and zonation. Ecology, 40(1): 67-90
page(s): 74, 86, [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1981). Reproductive patterns in Zoanthus spp. from Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, 2, 699-704
page(s): 699-704 [details]
additional source Sorokin, Y. I. (1991). Biomass, metabolic rates and feeding of some common reef zoantharians and octocorals. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 42, 729-741
page(s): 729-741 [details]
additional source Adey, W. H.; Gladfelter, W.; Ogden, J.; Dill, R. F. (1977). Field Guidebook to the Reefs and Reef Communities of St. Croix, Virgin Islands. Third International Symposium on Coral Reefs. Miami., pp. 52.
page(s): 32 [details]
additional source Woodley, J. D.; Robinson, T. (1977). Field Guidebook to the Modern and Ancient Reefs of Jamaica. Third International Symposium on Coral Reefs. Miami Beach., edition 1st, pp. 33.
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Williams, E. H.; Bunkley-Williams, L. (1988). Bleaching of Caribbean coral reef symbionts in 1987-1988. volume 3, pp. 313-318
page(s): 314 [details]
additional source Gray, J. E. (1867). Notes on Zoanthinæ, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 233-240
page(s): 234 [details]
additional source Varela, C.; Guitart, B.; Ortiz, M.; Lalana, R. (2002). Los zoantídeos (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthiniaria), de la región occidental de Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 23, 3, 179-184
page(s): 179-180, 182, Figure 2C [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1893). Report on the Actiniæ collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887-1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(930): 119-216
page(s): 136 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1889). The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W.I. Journal of Morphology, 3(1): 1-80
page(s): 62-64, 66 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1905). A Revision of the Duchassaing and Michelotti Actinian Types in the Museum of Natural History, Turin. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, 20(494): 1-23
page(s): 13, 14, 15, 19 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1910). Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Suppl. 11(2): 157-330
page(s): 162, 163, 164, 237-244, 284 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1924). Actiniarien, Zoantharien und Ceriantharien von Curaçao. Kungliga Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra (Amsterdam), 23, 93-122
page(s): 94, 109, 116, 119, 120 [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1988). Growth and survivorship of clonal fragments in Zoanthus solanderi Lesueur. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 123, 31-39
page(s): 33 [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1983). Disturbance and monopolization of a spatial resource by Zoanthus sociatus (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(1): 118-131
page(s): 118-129 [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1988). Size-dependent growth in two zoanthid species: a contrast in clonal strategies. Ecology, 69(4): 1219-1232
page(s): 1219-1229 [details]
additional source Karlson, R. H. (1986). Disturbance, colonial fragmentation, and size-dependent life history variation in two coral reef cnidarians. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 28, 245-249
page(s): 245-248 [details]
additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1985). A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History, 19, 323-335
page(s): 327 [details]
additional source Tanner, J. E. (1997). The effects of density on the zoanthid Palythoa caesia. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, 793-810
page(s): 805 [details]
additional source Sebens, K. P. (1982). Intertidal distribution of zoanthids on the Caribbean coast of Panama: Effects of predation and desiccation. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32(1): 316-335
page(s): 316-332 [details]
additional source Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500
page(s): 421, 439, 442-443, 444, 449-450 [details]
additional source Wilsmore, L. J. (1909). On some Zoantheæ from Queensland and the New Hebrides. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 30, 315-328
page(s): 323 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 30-31 [details]
additional source Gleibs, S.; Mebs, D.; Werding, B. (1995). Studies on the origin and distribution of palytoxin in a Caribbean coral reef. Toxicon, 33(11): 1531-1537
page(s): 1532, 1533 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
page(s): 182, 183, 185 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Budding in Acrozoanthus Saville-Kent, 1893 (Anthozoa: Zoanthidea). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 423-428
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additional source Ryland, J. S.; Babcock, R. C. (1991). Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 117-123
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additional source Anderson, S. L.; Burris, J. E. (1987). Role of glutamine synthetase in ammonia assimilation by symbiotic marine dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Marine Biology, 94, 451-458
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additional source Bastidas, C.; Bone, D. (1996). Competitive strategies between Palythoa caribaeorum and Zoanthus sociatus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) at a reef flat environment in Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine Science, 59, 3, 543-555
page(s): 543-554 [details]
additional source Blank, R. J. (1987). Evolutionary differentiation in gymnodinioid zooxanthellae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 503, 530-533
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additional source Carlos, A. A.; Baillie, B. K.; Kawachi, M.; Maruyama, T. (1999). Phylogenetic position of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) isolates from tridacnids (Bivalvia), cardiids (Bivalvia), a sponge (Porifera), a soft coral (Anthozoa), and a free-living strain. Journal of Phycology, 35, 1054-1062
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additional source Fadlallah, Y. H.; Karlson, R. H.; Sebens, K. P. (1984). A comparative study of sexual reproduction in three species of Panamanian zoanthids (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 35(1): 80-89
page(s): 80-88 [details]
additional source Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1896). Notes on some actinians from the Bahama Islands, collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 181-194
page(s): 182, 189, 192 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). On the actinian Bunodeopsis globulifera, Verrill. Transactions of the Linnean Society (London), 8, 2 (Zoology), 9, 297-317
page(s): 312 [details]
additional source Miller, A. C. (1981). Cnidarian prey of the snails Coralliophila abbreviata and C. caribaea (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31(4): 932-934
page(s): 933 [details]
additional source Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Medeiros, M. S.; Castro, C. B. (1997). Cnidarians of the Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 443-446
page(s): 443-446 [details]
additional source Castro, C. B.; Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Fonseca, C. G. (1999). Distribuição do bentos (Cnidaria e Echinodermata) em costões rochosos da Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PPGE-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., volume VII, pp. 179-193
page(s): 183, 184 [details]
additional source Larson, K. S.; Larson, R. J. (1982). On the ecology of Isaurus duchassaingi (Andres) (Cnidaria: Zoanthidea) from South Water Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, 475-488
page(s): 477, 484 [details]
additional source Oigman-Pszczol, S. S.; Figueiredo, M. A. de O.; Creed, J. C. (2004). Distribution of benthic communities on the tropical rocky subtidal of Armação dos Búzios, southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology, 25(3): 173-190
page(s): 177, 180 [details]
additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2003). Long-term changes of Zoanthus spp. in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Galaxea, 5, 21-31
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additional source Acosta, A.; Sammarco, P. W.; Duarte, L. F. (2005). New fission processes in the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum: description and quantitative aspects. Bulletin of Marine Science, 76(1): 1-26
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2005). Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science, 22, 247-255
page(s): 247, 254 [details]
additional source Day, R. J. (1994). Algal symbiosis in Bunodeopsis: sea anemones with "auxiliary" structures. Biological Bulletin, 186, 182-194
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additional source Cortés, J. (2009). Zoanthids, sea anemones and corallimorpharians. I. S. Wehrtmann and J. Cortés (eds.). Springer Science + Business Media B. V., chapter 9, pp. 157-159
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additional source Amaral, F. D.; Ramos, C. A. C.; Leão, Z. M. A. N.; Kikuchi, R. K. P.; Lima, K. K. M.; Longo, L.; Cordeiro, R. T. S.; Lira, S. M. A.; Vasconcelos, S. L. (2009). Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 50, 277-290
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additional source Pires, D. de Oliveira; Castro, C. B.; Migotto, Á. E.; Marques, A. C. (1992). Cnidários bentônicos do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), N.S., (354): 1-21
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additional source Duchassaing de Fontbressin, P. (1850). Animaux radiaires des Antilles. (Plon Frères: Paris): 1-35, pls 1-2., available online at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6524263d/f7.image
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additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
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additional source Reimer, A.A., 1971. Observations on the relationships between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidea, Coelenterata) and their zooxanthellae. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 7 : 207-214.
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additional source Trench, R.K. & R.J. Blank. (1987). Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal, S. goreauii sp. nov., S. kawagutii sp. nov. and S. pilosum sp. nov.: gymnodinioid dinoflagellate symbionts of marine invertebrates. <em>J. Phycol.</em> 23: 469-481.
page(s): 469, 470, 471, 472, 476, 477, 479, 480 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
page(s): 56 [details]
additional source Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862
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additional source Amaral, F. D.; Hudson, M. M.; da Silveira, F. L.; Migotto, A. E.; Pinto, S. M.; Longo, L. (2002). Cnidarians of Saint Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Northeast Brazil. <em>Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium.</em> 1, 567-571.
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additional source Karlson, R. H. 1980. Alternative competitive strategies in a periodically disturbed habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 30(4): 894-890.
page(s): 895-896 [details]
additional source Cubit, John and Williams, Suelynn 1983. The invertebrates of Galeta Reef (Caribbean Panama): a species list and bibliography. Atoll Research Bulletin 269: 1-45.
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additional source Brattström, Hans 1985. Rocky-shore zonation on the Atlantic coast of Panama. Sarsia 70: 179-216.
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additional source Sebens, K. (1977). Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids. In: Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, May 1977 :397-404.
page(s): 397-403 [details] Available for editors [request]
page(s): 50 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus nobilis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332
page(s): 50 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus poriticola Pax, 1910) Pax, F. (1910). Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Suppl. 11(2): 157-330
page(s): 162, 164, 244-246, 284 [details]
original description (of Zoanthus proteus Verrill, 1900) Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates.
page(s): 561, 566 [details]
original description (of Actinia sociata Ellis, 1768) Ellis, J. (1768). An account of the Actinia sociata, or clustered animal-flower, lately found on the sea-coasts of the new-ceded islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 57, 2, 428-437
page(s): 436 [details]
context source (Bermuda) Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. <em>Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley.</em> 742 pp (Nemertini part). [details] Available for editors
[request] context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Reimer, Ono, Iwama, Takishita, Tsukahara & Maruyama. 2006. Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan with description of two new species. Zoological Science Volume: 23 Issue: 3 Pages: 261-275
page(s): 273 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M. (2009). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Zoanthidea (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 349-357. <em>in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.</em> A&M University Press, College Station, Texas., available online at http://biogomx.net/sites/default/files/pdfs/chapters/15-Fautin%20and%20Daly%202009-Actinians%20of%20the%20GoMx.pdf [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., J.C. den Hartog & C. Arneson. (1986). Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). <em>In: Sterrer, W. (ed.). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA.</em> pp. 159-194.
page(s): 189, 191 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332
page(s): 50 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
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additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). A revision of the British actiniæ. Part II.: The Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (12): 609-672.
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additional source Haddon, A. and Shackleton, A. (1891). Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Actiniæ: I. Zoantheæ. <i>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society</i>. 4 (13): 673-701., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14865820
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additional source Duerden, J. E. (1898). Jamaican Actiniaria. Part I. Zoantheae. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, 329–384.
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additional source Verrill, A.E. (1907). The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and part V. An account of the coral reefs. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 12: 45-348., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14214322
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additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
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additional source Haddon A. C.; Duerden J. E. (1896). On some Actiniaria from Australia and other districts. <em>Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society.</em> 6, II, 6, 139-172.
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additional source McMurrich J.P. (1898). Report on the Actiniaria collected by the Bahama Expedition of the State University of Iowa, 1893. <em>Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the State University of Iowa.</em> v. 4, no. 3, p. 225-249.
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1889). A contribution to the actinology of the Bermudas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 41: 102-126
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additional source Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates.
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additional source Sterrer, W.E. (1992). Bermuda's Marine Life. <em>Bermuda Zoological Society, Flatts, Bermuda.</em> 307 pp.
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[request] additional source Kaplan, E. H. (1982). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs: Caribbean and Florida. <em>Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.</em> pp 289.
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additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
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additional source Verrill, A. E. (1907). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa. Verrill, A. E. New Haven, Conn., chapter 5, edition 2nd, volume 1, pp. 551-572
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additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374
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additional source Farrell, T. M.; D'Elia, C. F.; Lubbers, L.; Pastor, L. J. (1983). Hermatypic coral diversity and reef zonation at Cayos Arcas, Campeche, Gulf of Mexico. Atoll Research Bulletin, (270): 1-7
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additional source Goreau, T. F. (1959). The ecology of Jamaican coral reefs. 1. Species composition and zonation. Ecology, 40(1): 67-90
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additional source Karlson, R. H. (1981). Reproductive patterns in Zoanthus spp. from Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, 2, 699-704
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additional source Sorokin, Y. I. (1991). Biomass, metabolic rates and feeding of some common reef zoantharians and octocorals. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 42, 729-741
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additional source Adey, W. H.; Gladfelter, W.; Ogden, J.; Dill, R. F. (1977). Field Guidebook to the Reefs and Reef Communities of St. Croix, Virgin Islands. Third International Symposium on Coral Reefs. Miami., pp. 52.
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additional source Woodley, J. D.; Robinson, T. (1977). Field Guidebook to the Modern and Ancient Reefs of Jamaica. Third International Symposium on Coral Reefs. Miami Beach., edition 1st, pp. 33.
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additional source Williams, E. H.; Bunkley-Williams, L. (1988). Bleaching of Caribbean coral reef symbionts in 1987-1988. volume 3, pp. 313-318
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additional source Gray, J. E. (1867). Notes on Zoanthinæ, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 233-240
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additional source Varela, C.; Guitart, B.; Ortiz, M.; Lalana, R. (2002). Los zoantídeos (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthiniaria), de la región occidental de Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 23, 3, 179-184
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1893). Report on the Actiniæ collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887-1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(930): 119-216
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1889). The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W.I. Journal of Morphology, 3(1): 1-80
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1905). A Revision of the Duchassaing and Michelotti Actinian Types in the Museum of Natural History, Turin. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, 20(494): 1-23
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additional source Pax, F. (1910). Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Suppl. 11(2): 157-330
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additional source Pax, F. (1924). Actiniarien, Zoantharien und Ceriantharien von Curaçao. Kungliga Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra (Amsterdam), 23, 93-122
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additional source Karlson, R. H. (1988). Growth and survivorship of clonal fragments in Zoanthus solanderi Lesueur. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 123, 31-39
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additional source Karlson, R. H. (1983). Disturbance and monopolization of a spatial resource by Zoanthus sociatus (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(1): 118-131
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additional source Karlson, R. H. (1988). Size-dependent growth in two zoanthid species: a contrast in clonal strategies. Ecology, 69(4): 1219-1232
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additional source Karlson, R. H. (1986). Disturbance, colonial fragmentation, and size-dependent life history variation in two coral reef cnidarians. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 28, 245-249
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additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1985). A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History, 19, 323-335
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additional source Tanner, J. E. (1997). The effects of density on the zoanthid Palythoa caesia. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, 793-810
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additional source Sebens, K. P. (1982). Intertidal distribution of zoanthids on the Caribbean coast of Panama: Effects of predation and desiccation. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32(1): 316-335
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additional source Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500
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additional source Wilsmore, L. J. (1909). On some Zoantheæ from Queensland and the New Hebrides. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 30, 315-328
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additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
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additional source Gleibs, S.; Mebs, D.; Werding, B. (1995). Studies on the origin and distribution of palytoxin in a Caribbean coral reef. Toxicon, 33(11): 1531-1537
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additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
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additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Budding in Acrozoanthus Saville-Kent, 1893 (Anthozoa: Zoanthidea). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 423-428
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additional source Ryland, J. S.; Babcock, R. C. (1991). Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 117-123
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additional source Anderson, S. L.; Burris, J. E. (1987). Role of glutamine synthetase in ammonia assimilation by symbiotic marine dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Marine Biology, 94, 451-458
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additional source Bastidas, C.; Bone, D. (1996). Competitive strategies between Palythoa caribaeorum and Zoanthus sociatus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) at a reef flat environment in Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine Science, 59, 3, 543-555
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additional source Blank, R. J. (1987). Evolutionary differentiation in gymnodinioid zooxanthellae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 503, 530-533
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additional source Carlos, A. A.; Baillie, B. K.; Kawachi, M.; Maruyama, T. (1999). Phylogenetic position of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) isolates from tridacnids (Bivalvia), cardiids (Bivalvia), a sponge (Porifera), a soft coral (Anthozoa), and a free-living strain. Journal of Phycology, 35, 1054-1062
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additional source Fadlallah, Y. H.; Karlson, R. H.; Sebens, K. P. (1984). A comparative study of sexual reproduction in three species of Panamanian zoanthids (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 35(1): 80-89
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additional source Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.
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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1896). Notes on some actinians from the Bahama Islands, collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 9, 181-194
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additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). On the actinian Bunodeopsis globulifera, Verrill. Transactions of the Linnean Society (London), 8, 2 (Zoology), 9, 297-317
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additional source Miller, A. C. (1981). Cnidarian prey of the snails Coralliophila abbreviata and C. caribaea (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31(4): 932-934
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additional source Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Medeiros, M. S.; Castro, C. B. (1997). Cnidarians of the Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 443-446
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additional source Castro, C. B.; Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Fonseca, C. G. (1999). Distribuição do bentos (Cnidaria e Echinodermata) em costões rochosos da Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PPGE-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., volume VII, pp. 179-193
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additional source Larson, K. S.; Larson, R. J. (1982). On the ecology of Isaurus duchassaingi (Andres) (Cnidaria: Zoanthidea) from South Water Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, 475-488
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additional source Oigman-Pszczol, S. S.; Figueiredo, M. A. de O.; Creed, J. C. (2004). Distribution of benthic communities on the tropical rocky subtidal of Armação dos Búzios, southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology, 25(3): 173-190
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additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2003). Long-term changes of Zoanthus spp. in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Galaxea, 5, 21-31
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additional source Acosta, A.; Sammarco, P. W.; Duarte, L. F. (2005). New fission processes in the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum: description and quantitative aspects. Bulletin of Marine Science, 76(1): 1-26
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additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2005). Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science, 22, 247-255
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additional source Day, R. J. (1994). Algal symbiosis in Bunodeopsis: sea anemones with "auxiliary" structures. Biological Bulletin, 186, 182-194
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additional source Cortés, J. (2009). Zoanthids, sea anemones and corallimorpharians. I. S. Wehrtmann and J. Cortés (eds.). Springer Science + Business Media B. V., chapter 9, pp. 157-159
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additional source Amaral, F. D.; Ramos, C. A. C.; Leão, Z. M. A. N.; Kikuchi, R. K. P.; Lima, K. K. M.; Longo, L.; Cordeiro, R. T. S.; Lira, S. M. A.; Vasconcelos, S. L. (2009). Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 50, 277-290
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additional source Pires, D. de Oliveira; Castro, C. B.; Migotto, Á. E.; Marques, A. C. (1992). Cnidários bentônicos do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), N.S., (354): 1-21
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additional source Duchassaing de Fontbressin, P. (1850). Animaux radiaires des Antilles. (Plon Frères: Paris): 1-35, pls 1-2., available online at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6524263d/f7.image
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additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
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additional source Reimer, A.A., 1971. Observations on the relationships between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidea, Coelenterata) and their zooxanthellae. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 7 : 207-214.
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additional source Trench, R.K. & R.J. Blank. (1987). Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal, S. goreauii sp. nov., S. kawagutii sp. nov. and S. pilosum sp. nov.: gymnodinioid dinoflagellate symbionts of marine invertebrates. <em>J. Phycol.</em> 23: 469-481.
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additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
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additional source Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862
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additional source Amaral, F. D.; Hudson, M. M.; da Silveira, F. L.; Migotto, A. E.; Pinto, S. M.; Longo, L. (2002). Cnidarians of Saint Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Northeast Brazil. <em>Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium.</em> 1, 567-571.
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additional source Karlson, R. H. 1980. Alternative competitive strategies in a periodically disturbed habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 30(4): 894-890.
page(s): 895-896 [details]
additional source Cubit, John and Williams, Suelynn 1983. The invertebrates of Galeta Reef (Caribbean Panama): a species list and bibliography. Atoll Research Bulletin 269: 1-45.
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additional source Brattström, Hans 1985. Rocky-shore zonation on the Atlantic coast of Panama. Sarsia 70: 179-216.
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additional source Sebens, K. (1977). Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids. In: Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, May 1977 :397-404.
page(s): 397-403 [details] Available for editors
[request] 
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Nontype MCZ, geounit Panamanian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type (of Zoanthus flos-marinus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) MRSN [details]
Unknown type MCZ [details]
Unknown type MCZ, geounit Panamanian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type MCZ, geounit Panamanian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| English | green sea matgreen colonial anemone | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (41 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Zoanthus poriticola Pax, 1910)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (79 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (16 records) (from synonym Zoanthus flos-marinus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Zoanthus poriticola Pax, 1910)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (79 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (16 records) (from synonym Zoanthus flos-marinus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860)
To ITIS
