CaRMS (2018). Phaeophyceae. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/carms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=830 on 2019-02-22
Kennedy, M.K., L. Van Guelpen, G. Pohle, L. Bajona (Eds.) (2019). Canadian Register of Marine Species. Phaeophyceae. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/CaRMS/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=830 on 2019-02-22
basis of recordGuiry, M.D. (2001). Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 20-38 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceParker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality