ERMS taxon details
Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816
103725 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103725)
accepted
Species
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details] 
Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2025). Ascidiacea World Database. Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816. Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025) European Register of Marine Species at: https://marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103725 on 2025-05-09
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025). European Register of Marine Species. Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816. Accessed at: http://marbef.org//marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103725 on 2025-05-09
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
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original description
Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in RoR) [details]
additional source Millar, R. H. (1975). Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). <em>Steenstrupia.</em> 3(20): 205-336. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2864:1–33. [details] Available for editors
additional source Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The Ascidiidae (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) of coastal Brazil. <em>Zoological Studies.</em> 50, 809-825. [details] Available for editors
additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 43 [details] Available for editors
additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
additional source Galil, B. (2007). Seeing Red: Alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 2(4): 281-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.2 [details]
additional source Vandepas, L. E.; Oliveira, L. M.; Lee, S. S.; Hirose, E.; Rocha, R. M.; Swalla, B.J. (2015). Biogeography of Phallusia nigra: Is it really black and white?. <em>The Biological Bulletin.</em> 228: 52-64. [details]
additional source Meliane, I.; Esplá, A. A.R. (2001). Records of ascidians (Chrodata, Tunicata) from Oman, south East of Arabian Peninsula. <em>in: Claereboudt, M., Goddard, S., Al-Oufi, H., and McIlwain, J. eds. Proc. 1st International Conference on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment in the NW Indian Ocean, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.</em> pp 37-43. [details] Available for editors
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in RoR) [details]
additional source Millar, R. H. (1975). Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). <em>Steenstrupia.</em> 3(20): 205-336. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2864:1–33. [details] Available for editors
additional source Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The Ascidiidae (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) of coastal Brazil. <em>Zoological Studies.</em> 50, 809-825. [details] Available for editors
additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 43 [details] Available for editors
additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
additional source Galil, B. (2007). Seeing Red: Alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 2(4): 281-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.2 [details]
additional source Vandepas, L. E.; Oliveira, L. M.; Lee, S. S.; Hirose, E.; Rocha, R. M.; Swalla, B.J. (2015). Biogeography of Phallusia nigra: Is it really black and white?. <em>The Biological Bulletin.</em> 228: 52-64. [details]
additional source Meliane, I.; Esplá, A. A.R. (2001). Records of ascidians (Chrodata, Tunicata) from Oman, south East of Arabian Peninsula. <em>in: Claereboudt, M., Goddard, S., Al-Oufi, H., and McIlwain, J. eds. Proc. 1st International Conference on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment in the NW Indian Ocean, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.</em> pp 37-43. [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
