WoRMS

Traits taxon details

Spongia Linnaeus, 1759

Spongia (Euspongia) officinalis var. adriatica (Schmidt, 1862)

AphiaID

131759 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:131759)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Type taxon

Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 represented as Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (type by subsequent designation)

Parent

Spongiidae Gray, 1867

Original name

Spongia Linnaeus, 1759

Direct children (151)

Ordering

Alphabetically
By status

Children Display

direct main ranks all

Subgenus Spongia (Australospongia) Cook & Bergquist, 2001
1. Species Spongia (Australospongia) gracilis Cook & Bergquist, 2001
Subgenus Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001
1. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) catarinensis Mothes & Lerner, 2006
2. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) corallina Kim & Sim, 2009
3. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) corrugata Cook & Bergquist, 2001
4. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) decooki Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
5. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) gorgonocephalus Cook & Bergquist, 2001
6. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) manipulatus Cook & Bergquist, 2001
7. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) mokohinau Cook & Bergquist, 2001
8. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) peddemorsi Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2020
9. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) purpurea Kim & Sim, 2009
10. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) smaragdus Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019
11. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) sucrensis David-Colón & Marín-Casas, 2020
12. Species Spongia (Heterofibria) cristata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 accepted as Spongia (Heterofibria) decooki Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 (preoccupied)
Subgenus Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759
1. Species Spongia (Spongia) adjimensis (Topsent, 1925)
2. Species Spongia (Spongia) agaricina Pallas, 1766
3. Species Spongia (Spongia) anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958
4. Species Spongia (Spongia) arabica Keller, 1889
5. Species Spongia (Spongia) australis Bergquist, 1995
6. Species Spongia (Spongia) bailyi (Lendenfeld, 1886)
7. Species Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
8. Species Spongia (Spongia) bibulus Rao, 1941
9. Species Spongia (Spongia) brunnea Lévi, 1969
10. Species Spongia (Spongia) cerebralis Thiele, 1905
11. Species Spongia (Spongia) ceylonensis (Dendy, 1905)
12. Species Spongia (Spongia) coelosia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
13. Species Spongia (Spongia) conifera (Lendenfeld, 1886)
14. Species Spongia (Spongia) cookii Hyatt, 1877
15. Species Spongia (Spongia) distans (Schulz, 1900)
16. Species Spongia (Spongia) excavata (Lendenfeld, 1889)
17. Species Spongia (Spongia) fistulosa (Lendenfeld, 1889)
18. Species Spongia (Spongia) graminea Hyatt, 1877
19. Species Spongia (Spongia) hispida Lamarck, 1814
20. Species Spongia (Spongia) hospes (Lendenfeld, 1889)
21. Species Spongia (Spongia) illawarra (Whitelegge, 1901)
22. Species Spongia (Spongia) lamella (Schulze, 1879)
23. Species Spongia (Spongia) lesleighae Helmy, El Serehy, Mohamed & van Soest, 2004
24. Species Spongia (Spongia) lignea Hyatt, 1877
25. Species Spongia (Spongia) lobosa (Poléjaeff, 1884)
26. Species Spongia (Spongia) magellanica Thiele, 1905
27. Species Spongia (Spongia) matamata de Laubenfels, 1954
28. Species Spongia (Spongia) mexicana Hyatt, 1877
29. Species Spongia (Spongia) mollicula Hyatt, 1877
30. Species Spongia (Spongia) mollissima Schmidt, 1862
31. Species Spongia (Spongia) nicholsoni Hyatt, 1877
32. Species Spongia (Spongia) nitens (Schmidt, 1862)
33. Species Spongia (Spongia) obliqua Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
34. Species Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977
35. Species Spongia (Spongia) oceania de Laubenfels, 1950
36. Species Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759
37. Species Spongia (Spongia) osculata (Lendenfeld, 1889)
38. Species Spongia (Spongia) perforata (Lendenfeld, 1889)
39. Species Spongia (Spongia) pilosa (Wilson, 1902)
40. Species Spongia (Spongia) raoi Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
41. Species Spongia (Spongia) reticulata (Lendenfeld, 1886)
42. Species Spongia (Spongia) solitaria Van Soest, 1978
43. Species Spongia (Spongia) spinosa (Lendenfeld, 1889)
44. Species Spongia (Spongia) sterea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958
45. Species Spongia (Spongia) suriganensis (Wilson, 1925)
46. Species Spongia (Spongia) sweeti (Kirkpatrick, 1900)
47. Species Spongia (Spongia) tampa de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958
48. Species Spongia (Spongia) tenuiramosa (Dendy, 1905)
49. Species Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814
50. Species Spongia (Spongia) violacea Lévi, 1969
51. Species Spongia (Spongia) virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868)
52. Species Spongia (Spongia) zimocca Schmidt, 1862
53. Species Spongia (Spongia) divisa Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (unavailable original name)
54. Species Spongia (Spongia) fuscoides Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 (unavailable name)
55. Species Spongia (Spongia) obscura sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (unavailable original name)
56. Species Spongia (Spongia) solitaria sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) solitaria Van Soest, 1978 (unavailable original name)
57. Species Spongia (Spongia) tectoria Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (unavailable original name)
58. Species Spongia (Spongia) bartholomei Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
59. Species Spongia (Spongia) cladonia Rafinesque, 1818 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
60. Species Spongia (Spongia) dumetosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
61. Species Spongia (Spongia) guadelupensis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
62. Species Spongia (Spongia) haagenseni Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
63. Species Spongia (Spongia) isidis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
64. Species Spongia (Spongia) krebbresii Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
65. Species Spongia (Spongia) napiformis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
66. Species Spongia (Spongia) negligens Hyatt, 1877 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
67. Species Spongia (Spongia) subcircularis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
68. Species Spongia (Spongia) usitatissima Lamarck, 1814 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
69. Species Spongia (Spongia) virgata Rafinesque, 1818 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Spongia alpheushyatti Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
Species Spongia hyatti Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
Species Spongia jeanbaptistei Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
Species Spongia lacinulosa Lamarck, 1814
Species Spongia maitasuna Grenier & Pérez, 2023
Species Spongia mantelli Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 †
Species Spongia muricata sensu Linnaeus, 1759
Species Spongia alpheusi Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 (unavailable nomen novum)
Species Spongia clathrus Esper, 1794 accepted as Clathria (Clathria) coralloides (Scopoli, 1772) (genus transfer and junior synonym)
Species Spongia coelosia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 (junior synonym)
Species Spongia coralloides Scopoli, 1772 accepted as Clathria (Clathria) coralloides (Scopoli, 1772) (genus transfer)
Species Spongia cristata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 accepted as Spongia (Heterofibria) decooki Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 (unaccepted > junior homonym, subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia divisa Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (unavailable original name)
Species Spongia mexicana Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (unavailable original name)
Species Spongia solitaria sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) solitaria Van Soest, 1978 (unavailable original name)
Species Spongia adjimensis (Topsent, 1925) represented as Spongia (Spongia) adjimensis (Topsent, 1925) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia agaricina Pallas, 1766 represented as Spongia (Spongia) agaricina Pallas, 1766 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 represented as Spongia (Spongia) anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia arabica Keller, 1889 represented as Spongia (Spongia) arabica Keller, 1889 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia australis Bergquist, 1995 represented as Spongia (Spongia) australis Bergquist, 1995 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) barbara Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia bartholomei Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) bartholomei Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia brunnea Lévi, 1969 represented as Spongia (Spongia) brunnea Lévi, 1969 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia cerebralis Thiele, 1905 represented as Spongia (Spongia) cerebralis Thiele, 1905 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia ceylonensis (Dendy, 1905) represented as Spongia (Spongia) ceylonensis (Dendy, 1905) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia cladonia Rafinesque, 1818 represented as Spongia (Spongia) cladonia Rafinesque, 1818 (subgenus assignment of taxon inquirendum)
Species Spongia conifera (Lendenfeld, 1886) represented as Spongia (Spongia) conifera (Lendenfeld, 1886) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia corrugata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 represented as Spongia (Heterofibria) corrugata Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia dumetosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) dumetosa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia gorgonocephalus Cook & Bergquist, 2001 represented as Spongia (Heterofibria) gorgonocephalus Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia gracilis Cook & Bergquist, 2001 represented as Spongia (Australospongia) gracilis Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia graminea Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) graminea Hyatt, 1877 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia guadelupensis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) guadelupensis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia haagenseni Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) haagenseni Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia hispida Lamarck, 1814 represented as Spongia (Spongia) hispida Lamarck, 1814 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia idia de Laubenfels, 1932 represented as Leiosella idia (de Laubenfels, 1932) (genus transfer)
Species Spongia isidis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) isidis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia krebbresii Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) krebbresii Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia lamella (Schulze, 1879) represented as Spongia (Spongia) lamella (Schulze, 1879) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia lesleighae Helmy, El Serehy, Mohamed & van Soest, 2004 represented as Spongia (Spongia) lesleighae Helmy, El Serehy, Mohamed & van Soest, 2004 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia lignea Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) lignea Hyatt, 1877 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia magellanica Thiele, 1905 represented as Spongia (Spongia) magellanica Thiele, 1905 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia manipulatus Cook & Bergquist, 2001 represented as Spongia (Heterofibria) manipulatus Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia matamata de Laubenfels, 1954 represented as Spongia (Spongia) matamata de Laubenfels, 1954 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia mokohinau Cook & Bergquist, 2001 represented as Spongia (Heterofibria) mokohinau Cook & Bergquist, 2001 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia mollissima Schmidt, 1862 represented as Spongia (Spongia) mollissima Schmidt, 1862
Species Spongia napiformis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 represented as Spongia (Spongia) napiformis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia negligens Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) negligens Hyatt, 1877 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia nicholsoni Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) nicholsoni Hyatt, 1877
Species Spongia nitens (Schmidt, 1862) represented as Spongia (Spongia) nitens (Schmidt, 1862) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia obliqua Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Spongia (Spongia) obliqua Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia obscura Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) obscura sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia oceania de Laubenfels, 1950 represented as Spongia (Spongia) oceania de Laubenfels, 1950 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 represented as Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia reticulata (Lendenfeld, 1886) represented as Spongia (Spongia) reticulata (Lendenfeld, 1886) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia solitaria Van Soest, 1978 represented as Spongia (Spongia) solitaria Van Soest, 1978 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia spinosa Lendenfeld, 1888 represented as Spongia (Spongia) spinosa (Lendenfeld, 1889)
Species Spongia sterea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 represented as Spongia (Spongia) sterea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia subcircularis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 represented as Spongia (Spongia) subcircularis Duchassaing de Fontbressin, 1850 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia tampa de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 represented as Spongia (Spongia) tampa de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 represented as Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia usitatissima Lamarck, 1814 represented as Spongia (Spongia) usitatissima Lamarck, 1814 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia violacea Lévi, 1969 represented as Spongia (Spongia) violacea Lévi, 1969 (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia virgata Rafinesque, 1818 represented as Spongia (Spongia) virgata Rafinesque, 1818 (subgenus assignment of taxon inquirendum)
Species Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) represented as Spongia (Spongia) virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) (subgenus assignment)
Species Spongia zimocca Schmidt, 1862 represented as Spongia (Spongia) zimocca Schmidt, 1862 (subgenus assignment)

Environment

marine, ~~brackish~~, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Fossil range

recent only

Grammatical gender

feminine

Original description

Linnaeus, C. (1759). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 825-1384. Holmiæ. (L. Salvii)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/587267
page(s): 1348 [details]

Taxonomic citation

de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Spongia Linnaeus, 1759. Accessed through: Marine Species Traits editorial board (2025) Marine Species Traits at: https://www.marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131759 on 2025-04-30

Thematic species database citation

Marine Species Traits editorial board (2025). Marine Species Traits. Spongia Linnaeus, 1759. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131759 on 2025-04-30

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van Soest, Rob W.M.

2005-04-03 15:15:02Z

changed

Vanden Berghe, Edward

2010-05-06 07:50:12Z

changed

van Soest, Rob W.M.

2018-05-21 14:26:42Z

changed

Boury-Esnault, Nicole

2020-12-17 10:11:20Z

changed

van Soest, Rob W.M.

2022-08-02 15:29:10Z

changed

Boury-Esnault, Nicole

[taxonomic tree]

original description Linnaeus, C. (1759). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 825-1384. Holmiæ. (L. Salvii)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/587267
page(s): 1348 [details]

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]

basis of record Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R. (2002). Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. Pp. 1051-1060. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera - A guide to the classification of sponges. (2 volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version). [details] Available for editors

basis of record Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R. (2002 [2004]]). Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. Pp. 1051-1060. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera - A guide to the classification of sponges. (2 volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1708 + xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version). [details] Available for editors

basis of record Bergquist, P.R. (1980). A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 7 (4): 443-503.
page(s): 450-452 [details] Available for editors

additional source Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Vacelet, J. (1959). Répartition générale des éponges et systématique des éponges cornées de la région de Marseille et de quelques stations méditerranéennes. Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume. 16 (26): 39-101, pls 1-3.
page(s): 73-74; note: with description [details] Available for editors

additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1893). Report on the Actiniæ collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887-1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(930): 119-216
page(s): 120 [details]

status source Bowerbank, J.S. (1862). On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III On the Generic Characters, the Specific Characters, and on the Method of Examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 152(2): 1087-1135, pls LXXII-LXXIV.
page(s): 1119 [details]