The tropical and warm-temperate Southwestern Atlantic, off the coastline of Brazil, has received substantial biodiversity inventory in the last decades. Sponges are a prominent part in this effort, which has led to the exploration of undersampled areas and taxonomic revisions. Raspailia comprises 79 species worldwide, 25 of which from the Atlantic, and up to now, only four from the tropical and warm-temperate Southwestern Atlantic. To conduct a much-needed systematic revision, we analyze materials collected from several localities spanning this vast area. Here, we describe four new species: R. (Raspaxilla) bonsai sp. nov., R.(Raspaxilla) konika sp. nov., R.(Raspaxilla) estilingue sp. nov., and Raspailia (Raspaxilla) leblanci sp. nov. Besides the new species, we redescribed R. (Raspaxilla) tenuis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 based on revision of the holotype, described new records of R. (Raspaxilla) muricyana Moraes, 2011 from the NE Brazilian coast, previously known only from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and described new specimens of R. (Raspaxilla) bouryesnaultae Lerner et al. 2006. Seven species of Raspailia are now known in this large sector of the Atlantic, almost double what was known before. An identification key for these species is proposed.