Study of Ostracoda in middle and upper Miocene beds of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia indicates that the section can be divided into four substages and six faunizones. The Kirkwood formation of New Jersey is correlated with the upper part of the Calvertian substage, the Trachyleberis exanthemata zone. Paleoecological analysis suggests that the sediments were deposited on the continental shelf in shallow warm water. A hinge classification for Ostracoda, including two new terms, crasidont (mixed dentition) and archidont (primitive dentition), is proposed. Summary of the order of development of significant characters in molt stages shows that the mature hinge is the last ontogenetic character to develop. Limits of variation of several species are plotted graphically, showing continuities and discontinuities in fossil populations. Seven new species and one new subspecies of Ostracoda are described.