Scleractinia taxon details

Sphenotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848

Lateral view of corallum
Lateral view of corallum

135129  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:135129)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Cnidaria (Phylum)
  4. Anthozoa (Subphylum)
  5. Hexacorallia (Class)
  6. Scleractinia (Order)
  7. Refertina (Suborder)
  8. Turbinoliidae (Family)
  9. Sphenotrochus (Genus)
accepted
Genus

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  1. Subgenus Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) Wells, 1935
    1. Species Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) auritus Pourtalès, 1874
    2. Species Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1905
    3. Species Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) senni Wells, 1945 †
    4. Species Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) moseri Wells, 1935 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1905 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  2. Subgenus Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
    1. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
    2. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus Marenzeller, 1904
    3. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) cairnsi Garberoglio, 2018
    4. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) evexicostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993
    5. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) excavatus Tenison-Woods, 1878
    6. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) gardineri Squires, 1961
    7. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952
    8. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993
    9. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) lindstroemi Cairns, 2000
    10. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) ralphae Squires, 1964
    11. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) squiresi Cairns, 1995
    12. Species Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) cuneolus Cairns, 2004 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) cairnsi Garberoglio, 2018 (unaccepted > junior homonym)
  3. Species Sphenotrochus aschistus Squires, 1958 †
  4. Species Sphenotrochus boytonensis Tomes, 1888 †
  5. Species Sphenotrochus brassensis Vaughan, 1926 †
  6. Species Sphenotrochus cestasensis Chevalier, 1961 †
  7. Species Sphenotrochus claibornensis Vaughan, 1900 †
  8. Species Sphenotrochus crispus (Lamarck, 1816) †
  9. Species Sphenotrochus cuneolus Vincent, 1872 †
  10. Species Sphenotrochus davisi Thomas, 1942 †
  11. Species Sphenotrochus denhartogi Cairns, 2003 †
  12. Species Sphenotrochus dumasi Filliozat, 1914 †
  13. Species Sphenotrochus faudonensis Barta-Calmas, 1973 †
  14. Species Sphenotrochus fragarioides Wells, 1945 †
  15. Species Sphenotrochus granulatus Brünnich Nielsen, 1922 †
  16. Species Sphenotrochus granulosus (Defrance, 1828) †
  17. Species Sphenotrochus huttonianus Tenison-Woods, 1880 †
  18. Species Sphenotrochus intermedius (Münster, 1826) †
  19. Species Sphenotrochus javanus Gerth, 1933 †
  20. Species Sphenotrochus laculatus Squires, 1962 †
  21. Species Sphenotrochus latus Koenen, 1885 †
  22. Species Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) †
  23. Species Sphenotrochus mixtus (Michelin, 1844) †
  24. Species Sphenotrochus nanus (Lea, 1833) †
  25. Species Sphenotrochus pharetra Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890 †
  26. Species Sphenotrochus pulchellus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 †
  27. Species Sphenotrochus semigranosus (Michelin, 1844) †
  28. Species Sphenotrochus straini Turnšek, LeMone & Scott, 2003 †
  29. Species Sphenotrochus trinitatis Vaughan, 1926 †
  30. Species Sphenotrochus variolaris Tenison-Woods, 1878
  31. Species Sphenotrochus wellsi Cairns, 1997 †
  32. Subgenus Sphenotrochus (Idiotrochus) Wells, 1935 accepted as Idiotrochus Wells, 1935 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    1. Species Sphenotrochus (Idiotrochus) emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) accepted as Idiotrochus emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  33. Subgenus Sphenotrochus (Turbinolia) Lamarck, 1816 accepted as Turbinolia Lamarck, 1816 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    1. Species Sphenotrochus (Turbinolia) crispus (Lamarck, 1816) † accepted as Sphenotrochus crispus (Lamarck, 1816) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  34. Species Sphenotrochus australis Woods & Duncan, 1865 † accepted as Idiotrochus australis (Woods & Duncan, 1865) (unaccepted > superseded combination, basionym)
  35. Species Sphenotrochus bouveti Couffon, 1903 † accepted as Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  36. Species Sphenotrochus cicatricosus Couffon, 1903 † accepted as Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  37. Species Sphenotrochus coronatus Tenison-Woods, 1880 † accepted as Caryophyllia clavus coronatus (Tenison-Woods, 1880) (unaccepted > superseded combination, basionym)
  38. Species Sphenotrochus cuneolus Couffon, 1903 † accepted as Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  39. Species Sphenotrochus cuneolus Cairns, 2004 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) cairnsi Garberoglio, 2018 (unaccepted > junior homonym)
  40. Species Sphenotrochus dentosus Boshoff, 1981 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1905 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  41. Species Sphenotrochus emarciatus Duncan, 1865 † accepted as Idiotrochus emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) (unaccepted > superseded combination, basionym)
  42. Species Sphenotrochus excicus Duncan, 1870 † accepted as Idiotrochus emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  43. Species Sphenotrochus excisus Duncan, 1870 † accepted as Idiotrochus emarciatus (Duncan, 1865) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, misspelling)
  44. Species Sphenotrochus macandrewanus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (unaccepted > superseded combination, misspelling)
  45. Species Sphenotrochus milletanus (Defrance, 1828) † accepted as Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) † (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
  46. Species Sphenotrochus moseleyi (Pourtalès, 1880) accepted as Flabellum (Ulocyathus) moseleyi Pourtalès, 1880 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  47. Species Sphenotrochus moseri Wells, 1935 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1905 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  48. Species Sphenotrochus raphae Squires, 1964 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) ralphae Squires, 1964 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
  49. Species Sphenotrochus roemeri Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 † accepted as Sphenotrochus intermedius (Münster, 1826) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  50. Species Sphenotrochus rubescens (Moseley, 1876) accepted as Alatotrochus rubescens (Moseley, 1876) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  51. Species Sphenotrochus tonsurratus Couffon, 1903 † accepted as Sphenotrochus milletianus (Defrance, 1828) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  52. Species Sphenotrochus viola (Duncan, 1864) accepted as Notocyathus conicus (Alcock, 1902) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  53. Species Sphenotrochus wrighti Gosse, 1860 accepted as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) andrewianus andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  54. Species Sphenotrochus andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) andrewianus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
  55. Species Sphenotrochus aurantiacus Marenzeller, 1904 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus Marenzeller, 1904
  56. Species Sphenotrochus auritus Pourtalès, 1874 represented as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) auritus Pourtalès, 1874
  57. Species Sphenotrochus cairnsi Garberoglio, 2018 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) cairnsi Garberoglio, 2018
  58. Species Sphenotrochus evexicostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) evexicostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993
  59. Species Sphenotrochus excavatus Tenison-Woods, 1878 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) excavatus Tenison-Woods, 1878
  60. Species Sphenotrochus gardineri Squires, 1961 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) gardineri Squires, 1961
  61. Species Sphenotrochus gilchristi Gardiner, 1905 represented as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi Gardiner, 1905
  62. Species Sphenotrochus hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) hancocki Durham & Barnard, 1952
  63. Species Sphenotrochus imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993 † represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus Cairns in Cairns & Keller, 1993
  64. Species Sphenotrochus lindstroemi Cairns, 2000 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) lindstroemi Cairns, 2000
  65. Species Sphenotrochus ralphae Squires, 1964 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) ralphae Squires, 1964
  66. Species Sphenotrochus senni Wells, 1945 † represented as Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) senni Wells, 1945 †
  67. Species Sphenotrochus squiresi Cairns, 1995 represented as Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) squiresi Cairns, 1995
marine, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1848). Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 2. Monographie des turbinolides. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3.</em> 9: 211-344, pls. 7-10. [details] 
Depth range 7-403 m  
Depth range 7-403 m [details]

Fossil range Eocene to Recent  
Fossil range Eocene to Recent [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2025). World List of Scleractinia. Sphenotrochus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/Scleractinia/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135129 on 2025-05-02
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Hoeksema, Bert
2010-08-23 23:10:38Z
changed
Cairns, Stephen
2010-09-05 14:32:08Z
changed
Cairns, Stephen
2019-05-20 08:13:48Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2020-01-25 08:08:53Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2021-06-07 13:25:31Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2022-06-24 11:12:51Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert

original description Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1848). Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 2. Monographie des turbinolides. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3.</em> 9: 211-344, pls. 7-10. [details] 

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

basis of record Cairns, S.D., Hoeksema, B.W., and J. van der Land, 2001. Scleractinia, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 109-110 (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details] 

additional source Cairns, S.D. (1977). A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species. <em>Gulf Research Reports.</em> 6 (1): 9-15., available online at https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol6/iss1/2/
page(s): 11 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

additional source Duncan PM (1884) A revision of the families and genera of the sclerodermic Zoantharia, Ed. & H., or Madreporaria (M. Rugosa excepted). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 18: 1-204. [details] 

additional source Chevalier J-P. (1961). Recherches sur les Madreporaires et les formations recifales Miocenes de la Mediterranee occidentale. <em>Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Série.</em> 40(93): 1-562, pls. 1-26. [details] 

additional source Boshoff, P.H. (1981). An annotated checklist of Southern Africa Scleractinia. <em>Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, Durban.</em> 49: 1-45.
page(s): 39 [details] 

additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

additional source Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. 631 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12403706 [details] 

additional source Tachikawa, H. (2011). Review of the Japanese species of Alatotrochus and Sphenotrochus (Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Turbinoliidae), with description of a new species, A. japonicus. <em>Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science.</em> 47: 39-50. [details] 

additional source Zibrowius, H. (1974). Scleractiniares des Iles Saint Paul et Amsterdam (sud de L'Ocean Indien). Tethys, 5(4): 747-778
page(s): 747, 767-768, Pl. 2, fig. 10-19 [details] 

additional source Verrill, A. E. (1868-1870). Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 1, 6, 377-558.
page(s): 536 [details] 

additional source Smith FGW. (1954). Gulf of Mexico Madreporaria. <em>Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.).</em> 55, 291-295.
page(s): 294 [details] 

redescription Cairns, S.D. (2000). A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. <em>Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region.</em> 75: 1-231. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

redescription Cairns, S.D. (1997). A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 591: 1-55. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

redescription Cairns, S.D. (1989). A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae. <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.</em> 486: 1-136. [details] Available for editors  PDF available
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Comparison See Turbinolia [details]

Diagnosis Corallum cuneiform, with a rounded base or one with costal spurs (“fishtails”) and a calice elliptical in cross section; GCD up to ; GCD up to 10 mm; theca imperforate; costae independent, smooth to finely granular, often discontinuous; septa hexamerally arranged in 3-4 cycles; pali absent; columella lamellar. [details]

Remark This genus and family was monographed by Cairns (1997), which included a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology. Thirty-six species, including about 14 Recent, listed by Cairns (1997). [details]

Unreviewed
Biology azooxanthellate [details]

Depth range 7-403 m [details]

Fossil range Eocene to Recent [details]
    Definitions

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To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Lateral view of corallum
Lateral view of corallum
Calicular view of corallum
Calicular view of corallum
view of convoluted costae in upper half of corallum
view of convoluted costae in upper half of corallum
view of labyrinthiform-lamellar columella
view of labyrinthiform-lamellar columella
Lateral view of corallum
Lateral view of corallum
Calicular view of corallum
Calicular view of corallum
Lateral view of corallum with fishtail morphology
Lateral view of corallum with fishtail morphology
Lateral view of unequal-sized costae and intercostae
Lateral view of unequal-sized costae and intercostae
Lateral view of basal costal region
Lateral view of basal costal region
Sphenotrochus dentosus, lateral view
Sphenotrochus dentosus, lateral view
Sphenotrochus gilchristi, Costal granulations near calice
Sphenotrochus gilchristi, Costal granulations near calice