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WRiMS taxon detailsAlexandrium catenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985
 231873 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:231873)
accepted
Species
Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985 · unaccepted (name rejected; "catenella" has...)
name rejected; "catenella" has nomenclatural priority Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud) Balech, 1971 · unaccepted (synonym)
marine,
(of ) Whedon W.F. & Kofoid C.A. 1936. Dinoflagellates of the San Francisco region. I. On the skeletal morphology of two new species, <i>Gonyaulax catenella</i> and <i>G. acatenella</i>. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 41: 25-34. [details] Available for editors
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Alexandrium catenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985. Accessed through: Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Pino, L.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Rius, M.; Robinson, T. B.; Sobczyk, R.; Stepien, A.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Zhan, A. (2025) World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=231873 on 2025-05-04
Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Pino, L.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Rius, M.; Robinson, T. B.; Sobczyk, R.; Stępień, A.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Zhan, A. (2025). World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). Alexandrium catenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=231873 on 2025-05-04
Date action by 2006-07-27 06:59:07Z changed Camba Reu, Cibran 2015-06-26 12:00:51Z changed db_admin
original description
(of Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) Balech, E. (1985). The genus <i>Alexandrium</i> or <i>Gonyaulax</i> of the <i>tamarensis</i> group. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (Eds.) Toxic Dinoflagellates. New York: Elsevier. P. 33–38. [details] Available for editors
original description (of Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985) Whedon W.F. & Kofoid C.A. 1936. Dinoflagellates of the San Francisco region. I. On the skeletal morphology of two new species, <i>Gonyaulax catenella</i> and <i>G. acatenella</i>. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 41: 25-34. [details] Available for editors original description (of ) Whedon W.F. & Kofoid C.A. 1936. Dinoflagellates of the San Francisco region. I. On the skeletal morphology of two new species, <i>Gonyaulax catenella</i> and <i>G. acatenella</i>. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 41: 25-34. [details] Available for editors basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]  additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors additional source Miranda, L. N.; Zhuang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Lin, S. (2012). Phylogenetic analysis guided by intragenomic SSU rDNA polymorphism refines classification of “<i>Alexandrium tamarense</i>” species complex. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 16: 35-48., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2012.01.002 [details] additional source Wang, L.; Zhuang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Lin, X.; Lin, S. (2014). DNA barcoding species in Alexandrium tamarense complex using ITS and proposing designation of five species. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 31: 100-113., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.10.013 [details] additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors additional source Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details] additional source Lutaenko, K.A.; Furota, T.; Nakayama; S.; Shin, K.; Xu, J. (2013). Atlas of Marine Invasive Species in the NOWPAP Region. Beijing: NOWPAP DINRAC (Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Data and Information Network Regional Center). 189 pp. [details] additional source Balech, E. (2002). Dinoflagelados tecados tóxicos en el Cono Sur Americano. <em>In: Sar, E.A., Ferrario, M.E. & Reguera, B. (Eds.). Floraciones Algales Nocivas en el Cono Sur Americano. Instituto Español de Oceanografía.</em> pp. 123-144. [details] Available for editors additional source Prud'homme van Reine, Willem F. (2017). Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 15. <em>Taxon.</em> 66(1): 191–192; February 2017., available online at https://doi.org/10.12705/661.16 [details] Available for editors additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details] additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details] new combination reference Balech, E. (1985). The genus <i>Alexandrium</i> or <i>Gonyaulax</i> of the <i>tamarensis</i> group. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (Eds.) Toxic Dinoflagellates. New York: Elsevier. P. 33–38. [details] Available for editors toxicology source Burke J.M., Marchisotto J., McLaughlin J.J.A. & Provasoli L. 1960. Analysis of the toxin produced by <i>Gonyaulax catenella</i> in axenic culture. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 90: 837-842. [details] toxicology source Bates H.A., Kostriken R. & Rapoport H. 1978. The occurrence of saxitoxin and other toxins in various dinoflagellates. Toxicon 16: 595-601. [details] toxicology source Aguilera-Belmonte, A.; Inostroza, I.; Franco, J. M.; Riobó, P.; Gómez, P. I. (2011). The growth, toxicity and genetic characterization of seven strains of <i>Alexandrium catenella</i> (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech 1985 (Dinophyceae) isolated during the 2009 summer outbreak in southern Chile. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 12: 105-112., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.09.006 [details] ecology source Jeong, H.; Park, J.; Nho, J.; Park, M.; Ha, J.; Seong, K.; Jeng, C.; Seong, C.; Lee, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by red-tide dinoflagellates on the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 41: 131-143., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame041131 [details] ecology source Nygaard, K.; Tobiesen, A. (1993). Bacterivory in algae: A survival strategy during nutrient limitation. <em>Limnology and Oceanography.</em> 38(2): 273-279., available online at https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.2.0273 [details] ecology source Du Yoo, Y.; Jeong, H. J.; Kim, M. S.; Kang, N. S.; Song, J. Y.; Shin, W.; Kim, K. Y.; Lee, K. (2009). Feeding by Phototrophic Red-Tide Dinoflagellates on the Ubiquitous Marine Diatom<i>Skeletonema costatum</i>. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 56(5): 413-420., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00421.x [details] ecology source Jeong, H.; Yoo, Y.; Park, J.; Song, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 40: 133-150., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame040133 [details] ecology source Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography.</em> 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]  Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species impact Australian part of the Indian Ocean (Marine Region) Human health [details]Introduced species impact Chinese part of the South China Sea (Marine Region) Other impact - undefined or uncertain (Bloom forming) [details] Introduced species impact The recent expansion to other sites of the Sardinian coasts (A. Lugliè, pers. com.) and Ionian Sicilian coasts (M.G. Giacobbe, pers, com.), along with its toxicity and potential impact on human health, support that the species is invasive [details] Introduced species vector dispersal Chinese part of the South China Sea (Marine Region) Ships: General [details]
Published in AlgaeBase
 (from synonym Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud) Balech, 1971)Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985)Published in AlgaeBase Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985)To Barcode of Life (10 barcodes) To Barcode of Life (3 barcodes) (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Balech, 1985) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud) Balech, 1971) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Alexandrium catenella) To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Alexandrium fundyense) (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) To GenBank (128971 nucleotides; 45689 proteins) To GenBank (44147 nucleotides; 13420 proteins) (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) To PESI (from synonym Alexandrium fundyense Balech, 1985) To PESI (from synonym Gonyaulax excavata (Braarud) Balech, 1971) To ITIS |
