WoRMS taxon details
Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus, 1758)
159486 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:159486)
accepted
Species
Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860 · unaccepted
Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789 · unaccepted
Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854 · unaccepted
Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865 · unaccepted
Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865 · unaccepted (synonym)
Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854 · unaccepted
Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854 · unaccepted
Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). <i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors 
[request]
[request]
Distribution Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil
Distribution Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil [details]
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2026). FishBase. Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=159486 on 2026-07-11
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Nomenclature
original description
(of Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854) Hollard, H. L. G. M. (1854). Monographie de la famille des Balistides. Suite 2. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 4).</em> 1: 39-72, 303-339, Pls. 2-3, 5. [details]
original description (of Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789) Gmelin, J. F. (1789). Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 vols. in 9 parts. Lipsiae,.</em> 1788-93. v. 1 (pt 3): 1033-1516 [Fishes on pp. 1126-1516]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125970
page(s): 1472 [details]
original description (of Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). <i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865) Müller, J. W. von. (1864-1865). Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico. 3 vols. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1864-65. [Volume 1 (1864), i-xiv + 1-394; v. 2 (1864), i-ix + 1-482; v. 3 (1865), i-xii + 1-643. Author also known as J. Müller.]. [details]
basis of record Robins, C. R.; Ray, G. C.; Douglass, J.; Freund, R. (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. <em>Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston.</em> 1-354. [details]
original description (of Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789) Gmelin, J. F. (1789). Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 vols. in 9 parts. Lipsiae,.</em> 1788-93. v. 1 (pt 3): 1033-1516 [Fishes on pp. 1126-1516]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125970
page(s): 1472 [details]
original description (of Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). <i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865) Müller, J. W. von. (1864-1865). Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico. 3 vols. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1864-65. [Volume 1 (1864), i-xiv + 1-394; v. 2 (1864), i-ix + 1-482; v. 3 (1865), i-xii + 1-643. Author also known as J. Müller.]. [details]
basis of record Robins, C. R.; Ray, G. C.; Douglass, J.; Freund, R. (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. <em>Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston.</em> 1-354. [details]
Ecology
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details] 
Other
context source (Bermuda)
Smith-Vaniz, W. F.; Collette, B. B.; Luckhurst, B. E (1999). Fishes of Bermuda: History, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys
(American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists - Special Publication No.4)
. ASIH, 424 pp. [details]
additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
additional source McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Distribution Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil [details]
To Barcode of Life (14 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (31 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (47 publications) (from synonym Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Xanthichthys ringens)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865)
To GenBank (29 nucleotides; 31 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (31 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (47 publications) (from synonym Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Xanthichthys ringens)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854)
To FishBase (from synonym Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865)
To GenBank (29 nucleotides; 31 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To ITIS
