WoRMS taxon details
Penares Gray, 1867
131992 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:131992)
accepted
Genus
Stelletta helleri Schmidt, 1864 accepted as Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864) (type by original designation)
Jasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1907 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Papyrula Schmidt, 1868 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
- Species Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907)
- Species Penares angeli Sim-Smith, Hickman & Kelly, 2021
- Species Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973
- Species Penares apicospinatus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
- Species Penares astronavis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares aureus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares candidatus (Schmidt, 1868)
- Species Penares cavernensis Díaz & Cárdenas, 2024
- Species Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973
- Species Penares cortius de Laubenfels, 1930
- Species Penares deformis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares dendyi (Hentschel, 1912)
- Species Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868)
- Species Penares foliaformis Wilson, 1904
- Species Penares hartmeyeri (Uliczka, 1929)
- Species Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864)
- Species Penares hilgendorfi (Thiele, 1898)
- Species Penares hongdoensis Jeon & Sim, 2009
- Species Penares incrustans Tanita, 1963
- Species Penares intermedius (Dendy, 1905)
- Species Penares isabellae Díaz & Cárdenas, 2024
- Species Penares kermadecensis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares mastoideus (Schmidt, 1880)
- Species Penares metastrosus (Lebwohl, 1914)
- Species Penares micraster Lévi, 1993
- Species Penares mollis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares nux (de Laubenfels, 1954)
- Species Penares ochraceus (Carter, 1886)
- Species Penares okokewae Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares orbis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares orthotriaena Burton, 1931
- Species Penares palmatoclada Lévi, 1993
- Species Penares saccharis (de Laubenfels, 1930)
- Species Penares scabiosus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
- Species Penares schulzei (Dendy, 1905)
- Species Penares sclerobesus Topsent, 1904
- Species Penares sineastra Van Soest, 2017
- Species Penares sollasi Thiele, 1900
- Species Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
- Species Penares turmericolor Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares tylotaster Dendy, 1924
- Species Penares vermiculatus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
- Species Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907) accepted as Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares candidata (Schmidt, 1868) accepted as Penares candidatus (Schmidt, 1868) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares intermedia (Dendy, 1905) accepted as Penares intermedius (Dendy, 1905) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares mastoidea (Schmidt, 1880) accepted as Penares mastoideus (Schmidt, 1880) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares metastrosa (Lebwohl, 1914) accepted as Penares metastrosus (Lebwohl, 1914) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares obtusus Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Stelletta obtusus (Lendenfeld, 1907)
- Species Penares ochracea (Carter, 1886) accepted as Penares ochraceus (Carter, 1886) (species name corrected to the masculine form)
- Species Penares sclerobesa Topsent, 1904 accepted as Penares sclerobesus Topsent, 1904 (species name corrected to the masculine form)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
masculine
Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1867(2): 492-558, pls XXVII-XXVIII.
page(s): 542 [details]
page(s): 542 [details]
Taxonomy Penares helleri (type species of Penares) has been shown to be a Geodiidae, according to Cárdenas et al 2010 and 2011. For...
Taxonomy Penares helleri (type species of Penares) has been shown to be a Geodiidae, according to Cárdenas et al 2010 and 2011. For that reason Penares, formerly assigned to Ancorinidae, is now (tentatively) reassigned to Geodiidae. This decision means that the the major synapomorphy of the family, sterrasters/aspidasters, is assumed to have become lost. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2024). World Porifera Database. Penares Gray, 1867. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131992 on 2024-04-18
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The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
original description
Gray, J.E. (1867). Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1867(2): 492-558, pls XXVII-XXVIII.
page(s): 542 [details]
original description (of Jasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954) Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1954). The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. <em>Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology.</em> 7: i-x, 1-306,pls I-XII.
page(s): 228 [details]
original description (of Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1907) Lendenfeld, R. von. (1907). Die Tetraxonia. <em>Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899.</em> 11(1-2): i-iv, 59-374, pls IX-XLVI.
page(s): 251 [details]
original description (of Papyrula Schmidt, 1868) Schmidt, O. (1868). Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-iv, 1-44, pls I-V. [details]
basis of record Uriz, M.J. (2002[2004]). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. <em>In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York.</em> 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version). [details] Available for editors
[request]
basis of record Uriz, M.J. (2002). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. <em>In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York.</em> 1708+xvliii, ISBN 0-306-47260-0. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Kelly, M.; Edwards, A.R.; Wilkinson, M.R.; Alvarez, B.; Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R.; Buckeridge, St J.; Campbell, H.J.; Reiswig, H.M.; Valentine, C.; Vacelet, J. (2009). Phylum Porifera: sponges. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 23-46. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Cárdenas, P.; Rapp, H.T.; Schander, C.; Tendal, O.S. (2010). Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera,Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 39 (1): 89-106., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00402.x [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Cárdenas, P.; Xavier, J.R.; Reveillaud, J.; Schander, C.; Rapp, H.T. (2011). Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy. <em>PLoS ONE.</em> 6 (4), e18318., available online at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018318 [details]
additional source Topsent, E. (1894). Étude monographique des Spongiaires de France. I.Tetractinellida. <em>Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale.</em> (3) 2:259-400, pls XI-XVI.
page(s): 356 [details]
additional source Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, S. 1998. Reassessment of Homology of Morphological Characters in Tetractinellid Sponges Based on Molecular Data. Systematic Biology 47(3): 351-366. (look up in IMIS) [details]
page(s): 542 [details]
original description (of Jasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954) Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1954). The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. <em>Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology.</em> 7: i-x, 1-306,pls I-XII.
page(s): 228 [details]
original description (of Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1907) Lendenfeld, R. von. (1907). Die Tetraxonia. <em>Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899.</em> 11(1-2): i-iv, 59-374, pls IX-XLVI.
page(s): 251 [details]
original description (of Papyrula Schmidt, 1868) Schmidt, O. (1868). Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-iv, 1-44, pls I-V. [details]
basis of record Uriz, M.J. (2002[2004]). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. <em>In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York.</em> 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version). [details] Available for editors
[request] basis of record Uriz, M.J. (2002). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. Pp. 108-126. <em>In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York.</em> 1708+xvliii, ISBN 0-306-47260-0. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Kelly, M.; Edwards, A.R.; Wilkinson, M.R.; Alvarez, B.; Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R.; Buckeridge, St J.; Campbell, H.J.; Reiswig, H.M.; Valentine, C.; Vacelet, J. (2009). Phylum Porifera: sponges. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 23-46. [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Cárdenas, P.; Rapp, H.T.; Schander, C.; Tendal, O.S. (2010). Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera,Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 39 (1): 89-106., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00402.x [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Cárdenas, P.; Xavier, J.R.; Reveillaud, J.; Schander, C.; Rapp, H.T. (2011). Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy. <em>PLoS ONE.</em> 6 (4), e18318., available online at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018318 [details]
additional source Topsent, E. (1894). Étude monographique des Spongiaires de France. I.Tetractinellida. <em>Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale.</em> (3) 2:259-400, pls XI-XVI.
page(s): 356 [details]
additional source Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, S. 1998. Reassessment of Homology of Morphological Characters in Tetractinellid Sponges Based on Molecular Data. Systematic Biology 47(3): 351-366. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Grammatical gender Penares is a word from Ancient Greece used to indicate a certain group of captivated invaders. It is a plural and has no obvious gender, the author gave no explanation for the name, and the type species name is not adjectival. It thus conforms to ICZN art. 30.2.4, which dictates the name to be masculine. [details]Taxonomy Penares helleri (type species of Penares) has been shown to be a Geodiidae, according to Cárdenas et al 2010 and 2011. For that reason Penares, formerly assigned to Ancorinidae, is now (tentatively) reassigned to Geodiidae. This decision means that the the major synapomorphy of the family, sterrasters/aspidasters, is assumed to have become lost. [details]
