WoRMS taxon details
Pareurythoe Gustafson, 1930
129192 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:129192)
accepted
Genus
Eurythoe californica Johnson, 1897 accepted as Pareurythoe californica (Johnson, 1897) (type by subsequent designation)
- Species Pareurythoe borealis (M. Sars, 1862)
- Species Pareurythoe californica (Johnson, 1897)
- Species Pareurythoe japonica Gustafson, 1930
- Species Pareurythoe mooreae Salazar-Vallejo & Jimi, 2025
- Species Pareurythoe paulayi Salazar-Vallejo & Jimi, 2025
- Species Pareurythoe paupera (Grube, 1857)
- Species Pareurythoe pitipanaensis De Silva, 1965
- Species Pareurythoe americana Hartman, 1951 accepted as Cryptonome americana (Hartman, 1951) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
- Species Pareurythoe chilensis (Kinberg, 1857) accepted as Pareurythoe paupera (Grube, 1857) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pareurythoe elongata (Treadwell, 1931) accepted as Cryptonome elongata (Treadwell, 1931) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded subsequent combination)
- Species Pareurythoe gracilis Gustafson, 1930 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, no description other than locality where found)
- Species Pareurythoe parvecarunculata (Horst, 1912) accepted as Cryptonome parvecarunculata (Horst, 1912) (superseded recombination)
- Species Pareurythoe spirocirrata (Essenberg, 1917) accepted as Eurythoe spirocirrata Essenberg, 1917 (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded subsequent combination)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
feminine
Gustafson, Gunnar. (1930). Anatomische studien über die polychäten-familien Amphinomidae und Euphrosynidae. <em>Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala.</em> 12: 305-471.
page(s): 308, figure 40, 40a [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 308, figure 40, 40a [details] Available for editors
[request]
Taxonomy Gustafson (1930) created the name Pareurythoe in what was not intended to be a taxonomic work. His species descriptions...
Taxonomy Gustafson (1930) created the name Pareurythoe in what was not intended to be a taxonomic work. His species descriptions are fragmentary pieces of text dispersed through his monograph. This is very unsatisfactory. Subsequent authors may have used Gustafson's diagrammatic figure 40 and 40a of the caruncle for their understanding of genus Pareurythoe. Also Gustafson recombined Eurythoe californica Johnson, 1897 and Eurythoe chilensis Kinberg, 1857 into his Pareurythoe, so descriptions of those species were available. Hartman (1940:203) presented Pareurythoe as if it was a clearly established genus (at that time it was not), and she gave a redescription of P. californica (formerly Eurythoé californica Johnson, 1897). Later Hartman (1951: 28) placed Treadwell's Hipponoe elongata into the genus. She appears to be the first author subsequent to Gustafson to accept the genus. She does not give a diagnosis of the genus (in 1940) other than that the "caruncle is simple, in contradistinction to those [in Eurythoe] in which the caruncle consists of dorsal and ventral lobes" . Both of her own placements into Pareurythoe in 1951 have since been transferred elsewhere (to Cryptonome Borda et al, 2012).
Tovar-Hernández et al (2024: 548) comment as follows: "Among Amphinomin genera, Pareurythoe is very similar to Cryptonome [a junior genus of Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012] because both have chaetiger 1 dorsally incomplete, a small caruncle, and branchiae along most body chaetigers. However, there are two consistent differences between them. In Pareurythoe the median antenna is shorter than the caruncle, and first branchiae have a few filaments, whereas in Cryptonome the median antenna is as long as, or longer than caruncle, and first branchiae have many filaments. Another interesting difference is ecological, because the species of Pareurythoe have been found in sediments, whereas most Cryptonome species have been found in decaying wood"
Borda et al (2015) placed their representatives of Pareurythoe (Pareurythoe borealis (Sars) and of Cryptonome (Cryptonome conclava) in the Amphinominae, but not in the same branch of their molecular tree. On this basis the two genera are molecularly distinct. [details]
Tovar-Hernández et al (2024: 548) comment as follows: "Among Amphinomin genera, Pareurythoe is very similar to Cryptonome [a junior genus of Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012] because both have chaetiger 1 dorsally incomplete, a small caruncle, and branchiae along most body chaetigers. However, there are two consistent differences between them. In Pareurythoe the median antenna is shorter than the caruncle, and first branchiae have a few filaments, whereas in Cryptonome the median antenna is as long as, or longer than caruncle, and first branchiae have many filaments. Another interesting difference is ecological, because the species of Pareurythoe have been found in sediments, whereas most Cryptonome species have been found in decaying wood"
Borda et al (2015) placed their representatives of Pareurythoe (Pareurythoe borealis (Sars) and of Cryptonome (Cryptonome conclava) in the Amphinominae, but not in the same branch of their molecular tree. On this basis the two genera are molecularly distinct. [details]
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2026). World Polychaeta Database. Pareurythoe Gustafson, 1930. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=129192 on 2026-03-11
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Nomenclature
original description
Gustafson, Gunnar. (1930). Anatomische studien über die polychäten-familien Amphinomidae und Euphrosynidae. <em>Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala.</em> 12: 305-471.
page(s): 308, figure 40, 40a [details] Available for editors [request]
page(s): 308, figure 40, 40a [details] Available for editors
[request]Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.; Jimi, Naoto. (2025). Revision of <i>Pareurythoe</i> Gustafson (Annelida: Amphinomidae). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 60(1-4): 21-62., available online at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00222933.2025.2583949 [details] Available for editors [request]
status source Borda, Elizabeth; Yáñez-Rivera, Beatriz; Ochoa, Gabriela M.; Kudenov, Jerry D.; Sanchez-Ortiz, Carlos; Schulze, Anja; Rouse, Greg W. (2015). Revamping Amphinomidae (Annelida: Amphinomida), with the inclusion of Notopygos. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 44(3): 324-333., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12099
page(s): 330; note: included in Amphinominae [details]
status source Tovar-Hernández, María Ana.; González-Vallejo, Norma Emilia; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2024). Cryptonome beatrizae n. sp., from drifting wood in Western Mexico, with remarks on Pareurythoe Gustafson, 1930 (Annelida, Amphinomidae). <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5424(5): 535-553., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5424.5.3
page(s): 548; note: taxonomic remarks on distinction from Cryptonome [details] Available for editors [request]
[request]status source Borda, Elizabeth; Yáñez-Rivera, Beatriz; Ochoa, Gabriela M.; Kudenov, Jerry D.; Sanchez-Ortiz, Carlos; Schulze, Anja; Rouse, Greg W. (2015). Revamping Amphinomidae (Annelida: Amphinomida), with the inclusion of Notopygos. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 44(3): 324-333., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12099
page(s): 330; note: included in Amphinominae [details]
status source Tovar-Hernández, María Ana.; González-Vallejo, Norma Emilia; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2024). Cryptonome beatrizae n. sp., from drifting wood in Western Mexico, with remarks on Pareurythoe Gustafson, 1930 (Annelida, Amphinomidae). <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5424(5): 535-553., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5424.5.3
page(s): 548; note: taxonomic remarks on distinction from Cryptonome [details] Available for editors
[request]Other
additional source
Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
additional source Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, <i>in</i>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 214-231. (look up in IMIS) [details]
subsequent type designation Hartman, Olga. (1948). The marine annelids erected by Kinberg. With some notes on some other types in the Swedish State Museum. <em>Arkiv för Zoologi.</em> 42(1): 1-137, & plates 1-18.
page(s): 45; note: Hartman presents a description of Eurythoe chilensis (as a Pareurythoe) and in a heading states that Pareurythoe californica (originally Eurythoe) is the type. Under article 69.1 this species is type...
[details] Available for editors [request]
subsequent type designation Hartman, Olga. (1959). Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Parts 1 and 2. <em>Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Paper.</em> 23: 1-628.
page(s): 137; note: Hartman changes her earlier type designation to Pareurythoe japonica. This is not possible. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, <i>in</i>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 214-231. (look up in IMIS) [details]
subsequent type designation Hartman, Olga. (1948). The marine annelids erected by Kinberg. With some notes on some other types in the Swedish State Museum. <em>Arkiv för Zoologi.</em> 42(1): 1-137, & plates 1-18.
page(s): 45; note: Hartman presents a description of Eurythoe chilensis (as a Pareurythoe) and in a heading states that Pareurythoe californica (originally Eurythoe) is the type. Under article 69.1 this species is type...
Hartman presents a description of Eurythoe chilensis (as a Pareurythoe) and in a heading states that Pareurythoe californica (originally Eurythoe) is the type. Under article 69.1 this species is type of Pareurythoe
[request]subsequent type designation Hartman, Olga. (1959). Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Parts 1 and 2. <em>Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Paper.</em> 23: 1-628.
page(s): 137; note: Hartman changes her earlier type designation to Pareurythoe japonica. This is not possible. [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy Gustafson (1930) created the name Pareurythoe in what was not intended to be a taxonomic work. His species descriptions are fragmentary pieces of text dispersed through his monograph. This is very unsatisfactory. Subsequent authors may have used Gustafson's diagrammatic figure 40 and 40a of the caruncle for their understanding of genus Pareurythoe. Also Gustafson recombined Eurythoe californica Johnson, 1897 and Eurythoe chilensis Kinberg, 1857 into his Pareurythoe, so descriptions of those species were available. Hartman (1940:203) presented Pareurythoe as if it was a clearly established genus (at that time it was not), and she gave a redescription of P. californica (formerly Eurythoé californica Johnson, 1897). Later Hartman (1951: 28) placed Treadwell's Hipponoe elongata into the genus. She appears to be the first author subsequent to Gustafson to accept the genus. She does not give a diagnosis of the genus (in 1940) other than that the "caruncle is simple, in contradistinction to those [in Eurythoe] in which the caruncle consists of dorsal and ventral lobes" . Both of her own placements into Pareurythoe in 1951 have since been transferred elsewhere (to Cryptonome Borda et al, 2012).Tovar-Hernández et al (2024: 548) comment as follows: "Among Amphinomin genera, Pareurythoe is very similar to Cryptonome [a junior genus of Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012] because both have chaetiger 1 dorsally incomplete, a small caruncle, and branchiae along most body chaetigers. However, there are two consistent differences between them. In Pareurythoe the median antenna is shorter than the caruncle, and first branchiae have a few filaments, whereas in Cryptonome the median antenna is as long as, or longer than caruncle, and first branchiae have many filaments. Another interesting difference is ecological, because the species of Pareurythoe have been found in sediments, whereas most Cryptonome species have been found in decaying wood"
Borda et al (2015) placed their representatives of Pareurythoe (Pareurythoe borealis (Sars) and of Cryptonome (Cryptonome conclava) in the Amphinominae, but not in the same branch of their molecular tree. On this basis the two genera are molecularly distinct. [details]
Type designation The type of Pareurythoe is not P. japonica , despite the Hartman catalogue (1959: 137) listing Pareurythoe japonica Gustafson, 1930 as the type species of Pareurythoe. This is because earlier Hartman (1948: 45) had made Eurythoe californica Johnson (placed in Pareurythoe in Gustafson's original publication of the genus) as type. This first subsequent designation takes precedence. Salazar-Vallejo & Jimi (2025: 22) pointed out the earlier designation but retained Pareurythoe japonica as type. However, types cannot be re-designated subsequent to the first designation (Code Article 69.1). Eurythoe californica is eligible as type of Pareurythoe as it was included in the genus original description by Gustafson. [details]
