WoRMS source details
Álvarez-Campos, Patricia; Giribet, Gonzalo; San Martín, Guillermo; Rouse, Greg W.; Riesgo, Ana. (2017). Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 179(3): 492–540.
275090
10.1111/zoj.12443 [view]
Álvarez-Campos, Patricia; Giribet, Gonzalo; San Martín, Guillermo; Rouse, Greg W.; Riesgo, Ana
2017
Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of <i>Trypanosyllis</i> and the case of its pseudocryptic type species <i>Trypanosyllis krohnii</i> (Annelida, Syllidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
179(3): 492–540
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyD)
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All members of the syllid genus Trypanosyllis show distinctive flattened, ribbon-like bodies and a pharynx armed with a trepan; however, the phylogenetic relationships within this genus remain unsettled, especially with respect to the genera Eurysyllis and Xenosyllis (morphologically similar). To resolve this systematic uncertainty we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of a worldwide sampling of specimens of Trypanosyllis and three related genera using multiple molecular markers. We show that Trypanosyllis as presently construed is paraphyletic, and identify a clade of striped species that were previously all considered to be Trypanosyllis zebra (Grube, 1860). We outline the case to consider Trypanosyllis krohnii Claparède, 1864 as the type species of the genus, instead of Trypanosyllis zebra. Trypanosyllis krohnii (interpreted as Trypanosyllis zebra by recent authors) was previously believed to be cosmopolitan, but we show that it includes at least seven cryptic and pseudocryptic species, five of which are described herein: Trypanosyllis kalkin sp. nov., Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov., Trypanosyllis luquei sp. nov., Trypanosyllis leivai sp. nov., and Trypanosyllis taboadai sp. nov. In addition, Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901) comb. nov. and Trypanedenta gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) comb. nov., previously included in Trypanosyllis, are here transferred to Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964, and Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 [previously named Trypanosyllis coeliaca (Claparède, 1868)] is transferred to the resurrected genus Pseudosyllis Grube, 1863. Overall our results show a complex scenario of speciation, with cases of pseudocryptic species that correspond to geographically restricted lineages.
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Systematics, Taxonomy
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
action
by
Parautolytus luzonensis Pillai, 1965 accepted as Trypanosyllis luzonensis (Pillai, 1965) (new combination reference)
Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (redescription)
Syllis gigantea McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Trypanedenta gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) (new combination reference)
Tetraglene Grube, 1863 accepted as Pseudosyllis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964 (taxonomy source)
Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901) (new combination reference)
Trypanedenta gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) (new combination reference)
Trypanosyllis Claparède, 1864 (taxonomy source)
Trypanosyllis (Trypanedenta) Imajima & Hartman, 1964 accepted as Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964 (status source)
Trypanosyllis (Trypanosyllis) coeliaca Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanosyllis aeolis Langerhans, 1879 (additional source)
Trypanosyllis californiensis Álvarez-Campos & Rouse in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis coeliaca Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanosyllis gemmipara Johnson, 1901 accepted as Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901) (new combination reference)
Trypanosyllis kalkin Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis krohnii Claparède, 1864 (redescription)
Trypanosyllis leivai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis luquei Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis luzonensis (Pillai, 1965) (basis of record)
Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis taeniaeformis (Haswell, 1886) (taxonomy source)
Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (redescription)
Syllis gigantea McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Trypanedenta gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) (new combination reference)
Tetraglene Grube, 1863 accepted as Pseudosyllis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964 (taxonomy source)
Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901) (new combination reference)
Trypanedenta gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) (new combination reference)
Trypanosyllis Claparède, 1864 (taxonomy source)
Trypanosyllis (Trypanedenta) Imajima & Hartman, 1964 accepted as Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964 (status source)
Trypanosyllis (Trypanosyllis) coeliaca Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanosyllis aeolis Langerhans, 1879 (additional source)
Trypanosyllis californiensis Álvarez-Campos & Rouse in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis coeliaca Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (source of synonymy)
Trypanosyllis gemmipara Johnson, 1901 accepted as Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901) (new combination reference)
Trypanosyllis kalkin Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis krohnii Claparède, 1864 (redescription)
Trypanosyllis leivai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis luquei Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis luzonensis (Pillai, 1965) (basis of record)
Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017 (original description)
Trypanosyllis taeniaeformis (Haswell, 1886) (taxonomy source)
Northland for Trypanedenta gemmipara (Johnson, 1901)
Holotype MNCN 16.01/16058, geounit Valparaiso (region), identified as Trypanosyllis kalkin Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16078, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16079, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16080, 16097, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype MNCN 16.01/16082, geounit Luzon, identified as Trypanosyllis leivai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16086, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype MNCN 16.01/16087, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16098, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype SIO A5005, geounit San Diego, identified as Trypanosyllis luquei Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype SIO A5008, geounit La Jolla, identified as Trypanosyllis californiensis Álvarez-Campos & Rouse in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16078, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16079, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16080, 16097, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype MNCN 16.01/16082, geounit Luzon, identified as Trypanosyllis leivai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16086, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype MNCN 16.01/16087, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Paratype MNCN 16.01/16098, geounit New Zealand, identified as Trypanosyllis taboadai Álvarez-Campos, Riesgo & San Martín in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype SIO A5005, geounit San Diego, identified as Trypanosyllis luquei Álvarez-Campos & Verdes in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Holotype SIO A5008, geounit La Jolla, identified as Trypanosyllis californiensis Álvarez-Campos & Rouse in Álvarez-Campos, Giribet, San Martín, Rouse & Riesgo, 2017
Distribution
Pacific Ocean: California (La Jolla). [details]
Distribution
South Pacific Ocean: New Zealand (North Island). [details]
Etymology
The specific epithet californiensis refers to the type locality of the species, the state of California (USA). [details]
Etymology
The specific epithet kalkin is an adjective from the Mapuche language of the Chilean indigenous population, meaning ... [details]
Etymology
The species is named after Carlos Leiva, "colleague and friend of P.A.-C. and A.R., for his help collecting and ... [details]
Etymology
The species is named after D. Ángel A. Luque, "colleague, friend, and mentor in our malacological endeavours" ... [details]
Etymology
The species is named after Dr. Sergi Taboada, "for his help collecting and sorting part of the analysed material, ... [details]
Habitat
Amongst algae and kelp holdfasts, between 0-5 m depth. [details]
Habitat
Amongst Corallina sp., calcareous and brown algae, kelp and sponges, between 3-17 m. [details]
Type locality
La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA, Pacific Ocean (32.866944°, -117.255833°). [details]
Type locality
Las Cruces, Valparaiso region, Chile, Pacific Ocean (-33.847778°, -72.0575°). [details]
Type locality
Luzon Island, 'Mainif Point', between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay, Philippines (13.68°, 120.855556°). [details]
Type locality
Anza Cove, San Diego, California, USA, Pacific Ocean (32.795278°, -117.212778°). [details]
Type locality
Cavalli Islands, North Island, New Zealand, South Pacific Ocean (-34.984444°, 173.944167°). [details]
Type material
Not known to exist. According to Álvarez-Campos et al (2017) "The whereabouts of the type material of this species ... [details]
Type species
The type species is Trypanosyllis krohnii. This has always been true as it is a type by monotypy, and thus no other ... [details]
