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Araujo, A. P. G.; Carbayo, F.; Riutort, M.; Álvarez-Presas, M. (2020). Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy. PeerJ. 8: e9726.
403993
10.7717/peerj.9726 [view]
Araujo, A. P. G.; Carbayo, F.; Riutort, M.; Álvarez-Presas, M.
2020
Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy
PeerJ
8: e9726
Publication
Available for editors [request]
Cratera is a genus of land planarians endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The species of this genus are distinguished from each other by a series of external and internal characters, nonetheless they represent a challenging taxonomic issue due to the extreme alikeness of the species analysed in the present work. To resolve these difficulties, we have performed morphological analyses and used three nuclear markers (ribosomal 18S and 28S, Elongation Factor, a new anonymous marker named Tnuc813) and two mitochondrial fragments (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, and a fragment encompasing NADH deshydrogenase subunit 4 gene, trnF and the beginning of the Cytochrome c oxidase I gene) in an integrative taxonomic study.
Methods. To unveil cryptic species, we applied a molecular species delimitation approach based on molecular discovery methods, followed by a validation method. The putative species so delimited were then validated on the basis of diagnostic morphological features.
Results. We discovered and described four new species, namely Cratera assu, C. tui, C. boja, and C. imbiri. A fifth new species, C. paraitinga was not highly supported by molecular evidence, but was described because its morphological attributes are unique. Our study documents for the genus Cratera the presence of a number of highly similar
species, a situation that is present also in other genera of land planarians. The high
number of poorly differentiated and presumably recent speciation events might be
explained by the recent geological history of the area.
America, South
Molecular systematics, Molecular biology
Systematics, Taxonomy
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
action
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Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020 (original description)
Brazil for Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Brazil for Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Nontype MZUSP PL 0458, identified as Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 0459, identified as Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1014, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1050, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 1051, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1052, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2146, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2147, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2148, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 2150, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2151, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2154, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2154, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2156, identified as Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 2157, identified as Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL2155, identified as Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 0459, identified as Cratera boja Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1014, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1050, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 1051, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 1052, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2146, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2147, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2148, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 2150, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2151, identified as Cratera assu Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2154, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2154, identified as Cratera tui Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Paratype MZUSP PL 2156, identified as Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL 2157, identified as Cratera paraitinga Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020
Holotype MZUSP PL2155, identified as Cratera imbiri Araujo, Carbayo, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2020