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Klautau, M.; Lopes, M.V.; Guarabyra, B.; Folcher, E.; Ekins, M.; Debitus, C. (2020). Calcareous sponges from the French Polynesia (Porifera: Calcarea). Zootaxa. 4748(2): 261-295.
377141
10.11646/zootaxa.4748.2.3 [view]
Klautau, M.; Lopes, M.V.; Guarabyra, B.; Folcher, E.; Ekins, M.; Debitus, C.
2020
Calcareous sponges from the French Polynesia (Porifera: Calcarea)
Zootaxa
4748(2): 261-295
Publication
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
Although the French Polynesian reefs are among the most well studied reefs of the world, sponges are still poorly known, with only 199 species or OTUs of sponges having been described from French Polynesia, 167 at an OTU level and 32 at a species level. From those 199 species, just five are calcareous sponges. As it is possible that this number is underestimated, the aim of the present work was to study the diversity of calcareous sponges from French Polynesia. Hence, different French Polynesian archipelagos were surveyed by SCUBA from 3 to 60 m of depth. Identifications were performed using morphological and molecular (ITS and C-LSU) tools. We found a total of nine species of Calcarea, comprising five different genera. Five species are new to science: Clathrina fakaravae sp. nov., Clathrina huahineae sp. nov., Ernstia variabilis sp. nov., Leucascus digitiformis sp. nov., and Leucandra tahuatae sp. nov. With the present work, the number of identified sponges from French Polynesia at a species level increased from 32 to 41. The only calcareous sponge previously known from French Polynesia that was recollected by our group was Leucetta chagosensis. Our results suggest that the Eastern Indo-Pacific Realm shows more affinity with the Central and the Western Indo-Pacific Realms. Four species supported these affinities: Ascandra cf. crewsi, previously known only from Papua New Guinea, Leucascus simplex from South Australia, and Leucetta chagosensis and L. microraphis, both widespread species in the Indo-Pacific. These two Leucetta species, however, most likely represent species complexes. Once again the molecular markers ITS and C-LSU helped in the identification of calcareous sponges, showing how important is an integrative taxonomy. Although our work has increased in 250% (6 spp to 15 spp) the diversity of calcareous sponges in French Polynesia, it is most possible that this number is still underestimated.
Western Pacific warm temperate and tropical
Systematics, Taxonomy
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2020-03-06 11:45:13Z
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2020-03-07 08:09:43Z
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Marquesas for Leucandra tahuatae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Marquesas for Leucascus digitiformis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Marquesas for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Ascandra crewsi Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 
Society Islands for Ascandra crewsi Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015 
Society Islands for Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Society Islands for Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucascus simplex Dendy, 1892 
Society Islands for Leucetta microraphis Haeckel, 1872 
Society Islands for Leucetta microraphis Haeckel, 1872 
Southern Cook/Austral Islands for Ernstia variabilis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina fakaravae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina fakaravae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina fakaravae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Ernstia variabilis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020 
Tuamotus for Leucetta chagosensis Dendy, 1913 
Tuamotus for Leucetta chagosensis Dendy, 1913 
Holotype MNHN IP-2018-25, geounit Marquesas, identified as Leucandra tahuatae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Holotype MNHN IP-2018-31, geounit Marquesas, identified as Leucascus digitiformis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Holotype MNHN IP-2018-32, geounit Society Islands, identified as Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Paratype MNHN IP-2018-38, geounit Tuamotus, identified as Clathrina fakaravae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Holotype MNHN IP-2018-49, geounit Tuamotus, identified as Clathrina fakaravae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Paratype MNHN IP-2018-51, geounit Society Islands, identified as Clathrina huahineae Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Holotype MNHN IP-2018-56, geounit Tuamotus, identified as Ernstia variabilis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020
Paratype MNHN IP-2018-59, geounit Southern Cook/Austral Islands, identified as Ernstia variabilis Klautau, Lopes, Guarabyra, Folcher, Ekins & Debitus, 2020