WoRMS source details
Bleidorn, C. (2009). Annelid phylogeny — Molecular analysis with an emphasis on model annelids. In: Shain, D.H. (Ed.). Annelids in Modern Biology. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey: 13-30.
239809
10.1002/9780470455203.ch2 [view]
Bleidorn, C.
2009
Annelid phylogeny — Molecular analysis with an emphasis on model annelids. In: Shain, D.H. (Ed.).
Annelids in Modern Biology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey: 13-30
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyDb)
[None. Introduction as follows:]
Analyses of arthropod and nematode species have traditionally dominated the genomics of invertebrates. The model animals Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are assumed to be unrelated, and thus extrapolating these results to all protostomes seems reasonable. In the last decade, however, the view of bilaterian phylogeny has changed (see Halanych 2004 for review) and current evidence indicates that C. elegans and D. melanogaster, which represent members of the Ecdysozoa, are more closely related than previously thought. Lophotrochozoan model taxa (e.g. spiralians including annelids, molluscs) are underrepresented in these comparisons and therefore efforts are being made to gain complete genome sequences of representative species within this taxon.
Among annelids, Platynereis dumerilii, Capitella sp. 1 and Helobdella robusta are the most common model systems for phylogenomic approaches and developmental investigations (e.g. Seaver and Shankland 2000; Raible and Arendt 2004; Raible et al. 2005; Rokas et al. 2005; Seaver et al. 2005; Seaver and Kaneshige 2006), and draft genomes of Capitella sp. I and H. robusta are available. First analyses of the genomic data have revealed, for example, the presence of toll-like receptors, which are an important part of an innate immunity system (Davidson et al. 2008). In addition to the aforementioned species, Chaetopterus variopedatus, Hirudo medicinalis, Ophryotrocha species and Lumbricus terrestris are used as model annelids for questions regarding evolutionary developmental biology (e.g. Wysocka-Diller et al. 1995; Irvine and Martindale 2000), behavioral ecology (e.g. Sella and Ramella 1999) and molecular evolution (e.g. Schatz et al. 1995).
The phylogeny of annelids remains controversial (Bartolomaeus et al. 2005; Bleidorn 2007). Several predictions can be derived from cladistic morphological analyses (Rouse & Fauchald 1997); for example, the unsegmented Echiura and Sipuncula fall outside of the annelid clade, within annelids Clitellata and Polychaeta represent the most highly ranked sister taxa, and within polychaetes the palpless Scolecida are sister to Palpata, which comprise the Aciculata (former Errantia) and Canalipalpata. This view of annelid phylogeny has been challenged by several molecular analyses in recent years. In this chapter, I will present an overview of these new insights into annelid phylogeny as derived from molecular data, and summarize which genes and subtaxa have been analyzed, placing an emphasis on model annelid species.
Analyses of arthropod and nematode species have traditionally dominated the genomics of invertebrates. The model animals Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are assumed to be unrelated, and thus extrapolating these results to all protostomes seems reasonable. In the last decade, however, the view of bilaterian phylogeny has changed (see Halanych 2004 for review) and current evidence indicates that C. elegans and D. melanogaster, which represent members of the Ecdysozoa, are more closely related than previously thought. Lophotrochozoan model taxa (e.g. spiralians including annelids, molluscs) are underrepresented in these comparisons and therefore efforts are being made to gain complete genome sequences of representative species within this taxon.
Among annelids, Platynereis dumerilii, Capitella sp. 1 and Helobdella robusta are the most common model systems for phylogenomic approaches and developmental investigations (e.g. Seaver and Shankland 2000; Raible and Arendt 2004; Raible et al. 2005; Rokas et al. 2005; Seaver et al. 2005; Seaver and Kaneshige 2006), and draft genomes of Capitella sp. I and H. robusta are available. First analyses of the genomic data have revealed, for example, the presence of toll-like receptors, which are an important part of an innate immunity system (Davidson et al. 2008). In addition to the aforementioned species, Chaetopterus variopedatus, Hirudo medicinalis, Ophryotrocha species and Lumbricus terrestris are used as model annelids for questions regarding evolutionary developmental biology (e.g. Wysocka-Diller et al. 1995; Irvine and Martindale 2000), behavioral ecology (e.g. Sella and Ramella 1999) and molecular evolution (e.g. Schatz et al. 1995).
The phylogeny of annelids remains controversial (Bartolomaeus et al. 2005; Bleidorn 2007). Several predictions can be derived from cladistic morphological analyses (Rouse & Fauchald 1997); for example, the unsegmented Echiura and Sipuncula fall outside of the annelid clade, within annelids Clitellata and Polychaeta represent the most highly ranked sister taxa, and within polychaetes the palpless Scolecida are sister to Palpata, which comprise the Aciculata (former Errantia) and Canalipalpata. This view of annelid phylogeny has been challenged by several molecular analyses in recent years. In this chapter, I will present an overview of these new insights into annelid phylogeny as derived from molecular data, and summarize which genes and subtaxa have been analyzed, placing an emphasis on model annelid species.
Molecular systematics, Molecular biology
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Date
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Lipobranchus jeffreysii [auct.] accepted as Lipobranchius jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1869) (additional source)
