UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO)

Scleractinia taxon details

Turbinaria Oken, 1815

Turbinaria sp.

AphiaID

206641 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:206641)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Type taxon

Madrepora crater Pallas, 1766 accepted as Turbinaria crater (Pallas, 1766) (type by subsequent designation)

Parent

Dendrophylliidae Gray, 1847

Original name

Turbinaria Oken, 1815

Synonymised names

Explanaria Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Gemmipora de Blainville, 1830 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Turbinacis Quenstedt, 1880 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Turbinacis Gregory, 1900 † · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (homonym)

Turbinaria Ehrenberg, 1834 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Direct children (103)

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Species Turbinaria bifrons Brüggemann, 1877
Species Turbinaria complanata (Catullo, 1857) †
Species Turbinaria conica Klunzinger, 1879
Species Turbinaria conspicua Bernard, 1896
Species Turbinaria crassa (Reuss, 1848) †
Species Turbinaria crater (Pallas, 1766)
Species Turbinaria cyathiformis (de Blainville, 1830) †
Species Turbinaria cylindrica Nemenzo, 1960
Species Turbinaria durhami Frost & Langenheim, 1974 †
Species Turbinaria erythraeensis (Gregory, 1900) †
Species Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846)
Species Turbinaria globosa Michelotti & Meneghini, 1861 †
Species Turbinaria heronensis Wells, 1959
Species Turbinaria irregularis Bernard, 1896
Species Turbinaria lateralis Roemer, 1863 †
Species Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816)
Species Turbinaria patula (Dana, 1846)
Species Turbinaria radicalis Bernard, 1896
Species Turbinaria reniformis Bernard, 1896
Species Turbinaria sitaensis Duncan, 1880 †
Species Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816)
Species Turbinaria tenera (Reuss, 1848) †
Species Turbinaria thyrsoidea (Reuss, 1848) †
Species Turbinaria undulata d'Achiardi, 1868 †
Species Turbinaria abnormalis Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria aequalis Quelch, 1886 accepted as Turbinaria bifrons Brüggemann, 1877 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria alabamensis Vaughan, 1900 † accepted as Actinacis alabamensis (Vaughan, 1900) † (unaccepted > superseded combination, basionym)
Species Turbinaria aurantiaca Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria bankae Giebel, 1861 † accepted as Turbinaria patula (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria carcarensis Nemenzo, 1971 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria carinata Nemenzo, 1971 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria contorta Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria crassa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria crassa Nemenzo, 1960 accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, homonym)
Species Turbinaria cupula Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Turbinaria patula (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria danae Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria dendrophyllia Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria bifrons Brüggemann, 1877 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria dichotoma Verrill, 1869 accepted as Duncanopsammia peltata (Esper, 1790) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria disparata Nemenzo, 1979 accepted as Turbinaria reniformis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria diversa Nemenzo, 1960 accepted as Turbinaria irregularis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria edwardsi Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria elegans Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria eminens Nemenzo, 1971 accepted as Turbinaria irregularis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria foliosa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria frondescens Milne Edwards, 1860 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria fungiformis Michelin, 1841 accepted as Turbinaria patula (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria globularis Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria gracilis Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria bifrons Brüggemann, 1877 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria grandis Chevalier, 1961 † accepted as Turbinaria cyathiformis (de Blainville, 1830) † (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria hemisphaerica Rehberg, 1892 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria lichenoides Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria reniformis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria magna Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria mantonae Crossland, 1952 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria marima Ortmann, 1888 accepted as Duncanopsammia peltata (Esper, 1790) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, misspelling)
Species Turbinaria maxima Ortmann, 1888 accepted as Duncanopsammia peltata (Esper, 1790) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria mesentaria (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Turbinaria nidifera Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria bifrons Brüggemann, 1877 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria nitida Nemenzo, 1960 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria palifera (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Isopora palifera (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Turbinaria peltata (Esper, 1790) accepted as Duncanopsammia peltata (Esper, 1790) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Turbinaria pustulosa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria ramosa Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria reptans Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria reniformis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria robusta Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria patula (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria rugosa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria speciosa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria stephensoni Crossland, 1952 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria subversa Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria titizimaensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 accepted as Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria tubifera Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria veluta Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria reniformis Bernard, 1896 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, ?)
Species Turbinaria venusta Bernard, 1896 accepted as Turbinaria mesenterina (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Turbinaria agaricia Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria aspera Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria attentuata Nemenzo, 1960 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, misspelling)
Species Turbinaria attenuata Nemenzo, 1960 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria auricularis Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria brassica (Dana, 1846) (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria brueggemanni Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria calicularis Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria cinerascens (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria crispa Rehberg, 1892 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria gemmulata Verrill, 1875 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria globularis Bernard, 1892 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria immersa Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria laminata Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria marmorea Rehberg, 1892 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria microstoma Ehrenberg, 1834 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria mollis Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria orbicularis Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria parvistella Saville Kent, 1871 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria plicata Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria pocilliformis Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria porcellanea Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria pulcherrima Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria quincuncialis Ortmann, 1889 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria revoluta Saville-Kent, 1897 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria schistica Gardiner, 1898 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria sinensis Verrill, 1866 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria tayamai Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria tenuis Von Marenzeller, 1907 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria undata Bernard, 1896 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Turbinaria yaelae Nemenzo, 1976 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)

Environment

marine, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Fossil range

recent + fossil

Original description

Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813]. xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403 [details]

Descriptive notes

Description Colonies are massive, columnar, laminar or foliaceous with foliae frequently contorted. Corallites are round, immersed to...

Description Colonies are massive, columnar, laminar or foliaceous with foliae frequently contorted. Corallites are round, immersed to tubular and have porous walls with the same structure as the surrounding coenosteum. Septa are short and neat, columellae are broad and compact. Polyps, except for those of T. peltata, are usually extended only at night (Veron, 1986). [details]

Fossil range Miocene to Recent

Fossil range Miocene to Recent [details]

Taxonomic citation

Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2025). World List of Scleractinia. Turbinaria Oken, 1815. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/scleractinia/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206641 on 2025-05-04

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

1997-02-03 14:17:27Z

created

Vanden Berghe, Edward

2000-09-13 07:19:12Z

changed

Garcia, Maria

2006-08-12 14:17:32Z

changed

Vanden Berghe, Edward

2010-09-07 13:48:11Z

checked

Cairns, Stephen

2014-06-02 17:13:55Z

changed

Hoeksema, Bert

2019-05-24 14:23:01Z

changed

Hoeksema, Bert

2022-05-15 06:23:49Z

changed

Hoeksema, Bert

[taxonomic tree]

original description Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813]. xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403 [details]

original description (of Explanaria Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second, 566 pp. Paris, Verdière. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]

original description (of Turbinacis Quenstedt, 1880) Quenstedt, F. A. (1878-1881). Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands. Röhren- und Sternkorallen. Leipzig: Fues Verlag. 6: 1-1081., available online at https://sachsen.digital/werkansicht?tx_dlf[id]=29785&tx_dlf[page]=1 [details]

original description (of Gemmipora de Blainville, 1830) de Blainville, H. M. (1830). Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre méthodiquement des differéns êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utlité qu'en peuvent retirer la médicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Tome 60. Paris, Le Normat. Pp. 548, pls. 68. Paris, 1830. 60 : 1-546., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25318344 [details]

original description (of Turbinacis Gregory, 1900 †) Gregory JW. (1900). On the geology and fossil corals and echinids of Somaliland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 56: 26-45, pls. 1-2. [details]

original description (of Turbinaria Ehrenberg, 1834) Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862 [details]

basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Angus & Robertson Publishers. [details]

additional source Daly, M.M., Fautin D.G., Cappola V.A., 2003. Systematics of the Hexacorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139 3: 419-437.
page(s): 424-425, 427-428, 430 [details] Available for editors

additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M. (1980). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part III. Family Agariciidae, Siderastreidae, Fungiidae, Oculinidae, Merulinidae, Mussidae, Pectinidae, Caryophyllidae, Dendrophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series. 4: 1-459. [details]

additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia. [details]

additional source Yabe H, Sugiyama T. (1935). Revised list of the reef-corals from the Japanese seas and of the fossil reef corals of the raised reefs and the Ryukyu limestone of Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan. 42: 379-403.
page(s): 387, 391, 398 [details]

additional source Duncan PM (1884) A revision of the families and genera of the sclerodermic Zoantharia, Ed. & H., or Madreporaria (M. Rugosa excepted). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 18: 1-204. [details]

additional source Verrill AE. (1869). Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Communications of the Essex Institute, Salem. 6 (1): 51-104, pls. 1-2., available online at https://doi.org/10.1086/270634
page(s): 101 [67] [details]

additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. Records Western Australian Museum Supplement. 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 34, 123 [details]

additional source Zibrowius, H. & M.J. Grygier. (1985). Diversity and range of scleractinian coral hosts of Ascothoracida (Crustacea: Maxillopoda). Annales de l'Institut Océanographique. 61(2):115-138.
page(s): 129-130, Fig. 45 [details] Available for editors

additional source Verrill, A. E. (1866). Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part III. Madreporaria. Communications of the Essex Institute, 5(2): 17-32
page(s): 28 [details]

additional source Sheppard, C. R. C. (1985). Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7, 37-58
page(s): 46 [details]

additional source Bernard H. (1895). Notes, morphological and systematic, on the Madreporarian genus Turbinaria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 15(90): 499-521, pls. 19-20., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939508680211 [details]

additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone]. , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]

redescription Cairns, S.D. (2001). A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 615: 1-75., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.615 [details] Available for editors