URMO source details
Phillips, L.M., R.I. Leihy & S.L. Chown. (2022). Improving species-based area protection in Antarctica. Conservation Biology. 36(4): e13885.Aug 2022.
434742
10.1111/cobi.13885 [view]
Phillips, L.M., R.I. Leihy & S.L. Chown
2022
Improving species-based area protection in Antarctica.
Conservation Biology
36(4): e13885.Aug 2022
Publication
Area protection is a major mechanism deployed for environmental conservation in Antarctica. Yet, the Antarctic protected areas network is widely acknowledged as inadequate, in part because the criteria for area protection south of 60°S are not fully applied. The most poorly explored of these criteria is the type locality of species, which provides the primary legal means for Antarctic species-based area protection and a method for conserving species even if little is known about their habitat or distribution. The type locality criterion has not been systematically assessed since its incorporation into the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991, so the extent to which the criterion is being met or might be useful for area protection is largely unknown. To address the matter, we created and analyzed a comprehensive database of Antarctic type localities of terrestrial and lacustrine lichens, plants, and animals. We compiled the database via a literature search of key taxonomic and geographic terms and then analyzed the distance between type localities identifiable to a = 25km2 resolution and current Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and human infrastructure. We used a distance-clustering approach for localities outside current ASPAs to determine candidate protected areas that could contain these unprotected localities. Of the 386 type localities analyzed, 108 were within or overlapped current ASPAs. Inclusion of the remaining 278 type localities in the ASPA network would require the designation of a further 105 protected areas. Twenty-four of these areas included human infrastructure disturbance. Given the slow rate of ASPA designation, growing pace of human impacts on the continent, and the management burden associated with ASPAs, we propose ways in which the type locality criterion might best be deployed. These include a comprehensive, systematic conservation planning approach and an alternative emphasis on the habitat of species, rather than on a single locality.
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Acutuncus antarcticus (Richters, 1904) (additional source)
Adropion greveni (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Adropion mauccii (Dastych & McInnes, 1996) (additional source) Adropion scoticum (Murray, 1905) (additional source) Adropion tricuspidatum (Binda & Pilato, 2000) accepted as Kararehius tricuspidatum (Binda & Pilato, 2000) (additional source) Ancistrona fagelli (Fabricius, 1787) (additional source) Antarctophthirus lobodontis Enderlein, 1909 (additional source) Antarctophthirus mawsoni Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Antarctophthirus ogmorhini Enderlein, 1906 (additional source) Aphrodroma brevirostris (Lesson, 1831) (additional source) Aptenodytes forsteri Gray, 1844 (additional source) Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, 1778 (additional source) Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875) (additional source) Austrogoniodes antarcticus Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austrogoniodes bifasciatus (Piaget, 1885) (additional source) Austrogoniodes cristati Kéler, 1952 (additional source) Austrogoniodes gressitti Clay, 1967 (additional source) Austrogoniodes keleri Clay, 1967 (additional source) Austrogoniodes macquariensis Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austrogoniodes mawsoni Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austromenopon affine (Piaget, 1890) (additional source) Austromenopon brevifimbriatum (Piaget, 1880) (additional source) Austromenopon enigki Timmermann, 1963 (additional source) Austromenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) (additional source) Austromenopon stammeri Timmermann, 1963 (additional source) Barbaria jenningsi (Dastych, 1984) (basis of record) Bertolanius volubilis (Durante Pasa & Maucci, 1975) (additional source) Chionis albus Gmelin, 1789 (additional source) Dactylobiotus ambiguus (Murray, 1907) (additional source) Daption capense (Linnaeus, 1758) (additional source) Dastychius improvisus (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Dianea papillifera (Murray, 1905) (basis of record) Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1825 (additional source) Diomedea exulans Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source) Diphascon alpinum Murray, 1906 (additional source) Diphascon chilenense Plate, 1888 (additional source) Diphascon dastychi Pilato & Binda, 1999 (additional source) Diphascon higginsi Binda, 1971 (additional source) Diphascon langhovdense (Sudzuki, 1964) (additional source) Diphascon mirabilis Dastych, 1984 (additional source) Diphascon ongulense (Morikawa, 1962) (additional source) Diphascon pingue (Marcus, 1936) (additional source) Diphascon polare Pilato & Binda, 1999 (additional source) Diphascon puniceum (Jennings, 1976) (additional source) Diphascon sanae Dastych, Ryan & Watkins, 1990 (additional source) Diphascon victoriae Pilato & Binda, 1999 (additional source) Docophoroides brevis (Dufour, 1835) (additional source) Docophoroides harrisoni Waterston, 1917 (additional source) Docophoroides murphyi (Kellogg, 1914) (additional source) Docophoroides simplex (Waterston, 1914) (additional source) Echiniscus kerguelensis Richters, 1904 (additional source) Echiniscus merokensis Richters, 1904 (additional source) Echiniscus punctus McInnes, 1995 (additional source) Eudyptes chrysocome (Forster, 1781) (additional source) Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837) (additional source) Fregetta tropica (Gould, 1844) (additional source) Fulmarus glacialoides (Smith, 1840) (additional source) Garrodia nereis (Gould, 1841) (additional source) Grevenius asper (Murray, 1906) (basis of record) Haffneria grandis (Piaget, 1880) (additional source) Halipeurus procellariae (Fabricius, 1775) (additional source) Halobaena caerulea (Gmelin, 1789) (additional source) Harrisoniella hopkinsi Eichler, 1952 (additional source) Hebesuncus conjungens (Thulin, 1911) (additional source) Hebesuncus ryani Dastych & Harris, 1994 (additional source) Hebesuncus schusteri (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Hexapodibius boothi Dastych & McInnes, 1994 (additional source) Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville, 1820) (additional source) Hypsibius allisoni Horning, Schuster & Grigarick, 1978 (additional source) Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840) (additional source) Isohypsibius laevis McInnes, 1995 accepted as Grevenius laevis (McInnes, 1995) (additional source) Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 (additional source) Lepidophthirus macrorhini Enderlein, 1904 (additional source) Leptonychotes weddellii (Lesson, 1826) (additional source) Longimenopon galeatum Timmermann, 1957 (additional source) Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) (additional source) Macronectes halli Mathews, 1912 (additional source) Mesobiotus aradasi (Binda, Pilato & Lisi, 2005) (additional source) Mesobiotus blocki (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Mesobiotus coronatus (de Barros, 1942) (additional source) Mesobiotus furciger (Murray, 1907) (additional source) Mesobiotus harmsworthi (Murray, 1907) (additional source) Mesobiotus krynauwi (Dastych & Harris, 1995) (additional source) Mesobiotus meridionalis (Richters, 1909) (additional source) Mesobiotus montanus (Murray, 1910) (additional source) Mesobiotus mottai (Binda & Pilato, 1994) (additional source) Mesobiotus polaris (Murray, 1910) (additional source) Milnesium antarcticum Tumanov, 2006 (additional source) Minibiotus stuckenbergi (Dastych, Ryan & Watkins, 1990) (additional source) Minibiotus vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992 (additional source) Minibiotus weinerorum (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758) (additional source) Mixibius saracenus (Pilato, 1973) (additional source) Naubates fuliginosus (Taschenberg, 1882) (additional source) Notahypsibius arcticus (Murray, 1907) (basis of record) Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820) (additional source) Ommatophoca rossii Gray, 1844 (additional source) Oreella mollis Murray, 1910 (additional source) Pachyptila belcheri (Mathews, 1912) (additional source) Pachyptila desolata (Gmelin, 1789) (additional source) |