WoRMS name details
original description
Izuka, A. (1903). Observations on the Japanese Palolo, <i>Ceratocephale osawai</i>, n. sp. <em>Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan.</em> 17(11): 1-37, plates I-II., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7253893 page(s): 3-29, woodcuts 1-8, plate I figs. 1-8. plate II figs. 9-22 [details]
source of synonymy
Hartman, Olga. (1959). Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World. Parts 1 and 2. <em>Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Paper.</em> 23: 1-628. page(s): 237; note: checklist listing as see Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus [sic for heterochetus] [details] Available for editors [request]
Syntype UMUTZ Ann-Pc-130, geounit Tokyo [details]
Syntype UMUTZ Ann-Pc-133, geounit Tokyo [details]
Syntype UMUTZ Ann-Pc-51, geounit Boso Peninsula [details]
From editor or global species database
Depth range Littoral, between tide marks. [details]
Diet ''They are [...] very active and voracious, feeding on various aquatic animals and plants.'' (Izuka, 1903: 5). [details]
Distribution NW Pacific Ocean: Honshu Island, Japan. Along the Sumida River, Tokyo, for a distance along six miles from its mouth, in the adjoining parts of the Bay of Tokyo, and also extending some distance into the tributaries, canals and ditches, which empty into the preceding waters; Miya, old Province of Owari; Shimizu Harbour, Suruga Bay; Ito, Izu Peninsula; Matsuchima, Myagi Prefecture; and Hashinoe, Aomori Prefecture. [details]
Etymology The specific epithet osawai is given ''in honour of Professor K. Osawa, whose interest in the study of the worm I have already had occasion to mention'' (Izuka, 1903: 3-4). [details]
Habitat Atokous specimens live in the littoral, between tide marks, burrowing in the mud or sand to a depth of a foot or more. Entrance of burrow is usually indicated by a small round hole on the entrance, the margin of which is always slightly raised above the level of the ground. Epitokous specimens swim in the water column. From Izuka's comments (1903) it seems that the worms can support brackish water, but probably not fresh water: ''If the night be rough or rainy, the worms do not come quite to the surface of water.. [...] The epitocae, after being captured, can be kept alive for a week or two in shallow wooden vessels placed in a shaded place and with a small quantity of the river-water taken at the time of high tide, just enough to cover the worms.'' [details]
Human impact ''Ceratocephale osawai is one of the most common littoral Annelids in Tokyo and vicinity, where it is extensively used in both immature and mature phases as bait. The immature phase is locally known under the name of ''Itome'' and the mature phase under that of ''Bachi'''' (Izuka, 1903: 4). [details]
Reproduction Swarms during the nights closely following the new and full moon in October and November (Sumida River, Tokyo, Honshu, Japan). [details]
Synonymy Was placed as a synonym of Tylorrhynchus heterochetus (eg Hartman Catalogue), but Khlebovich (1996) regarded it as a valid Tylorrhynchus species, and this recombination was followed by Hanafiah et al (2006) [details]
Type locality Honshu Island, Japan, NW Pacific Ocean. The species was described with base on material collected mainly in Tokyo and vicinity, namely along the Sumida River, for a distance along six miles from its mouth, and also in the adjoining areas of the Bay of Tokyo (''Gulf of Tokyo''), besides in the tributaries, canals and ditches which empty into the waters just mentioned. However, Izuka (1903: 4-5) refers that the species was also known to him from: Miya in the Province of Owari: Shimizu Harbor in Suruga Bay; Ito, in Izu Peninsula; and Matsushima and Hachinohe, on the east coast of Honshu Island. The observations concerning the epitokous specimens and on the swarming seem to be based only on material collected at Sumida River (Tokyo). [details]
Type material Specimens from Izuka's collection deposited at the University Museum of the University of Tokyo with the numbers Ann-Pc-51, Ann-Pc-130, and Ann-Pc-133, were considered as possible syntypes in the catalogue of the UMUTZ (Online Catalogue HERE). However, in the description of the new species Izuka (1903: 1) state the following: ''The investigation, the results of which are embodied in the following pages, was begun in the summer of 1896 and carried on at intervals during the three following years.'' The collection dates of specimens numbered Ann-Pc-130 and Ann-Pc-133 are 5-June-1900 and 14-October-1901, respectively, for which reason probably they were not used in the original description of the new species, and as a consequence they would not belong to the type material. [details]
Language | Name | |
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Japanese |
itome [atokous stage]bachi [epitokous stage] |
[details] |
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