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Phillips, L.M., R.I. Leihy & S.L. Chown. (2022). Improving species‐based area protection in Antarctica. Conservation Biology. 36(4): e13885.Aug 2022.
434742
10.1111/cobi.13885 [view]
Phillips, L.M., R.I. Leihy & S.L. Chown
2022
Improving species‐based area protection in Antarctica.
Conservation Biology
36(4): e13885.Aug 2022
Publication
Area protection is a major mechanism deployed for environmental conservation in Antarctica. Yet, the Antarctic protected areas network is widely acknowledged as inadequate, in part because the criteria for area protection south of 60°S are not fully applied. The most poorly explored of these criteria is the type locality of species, which provides the primary legal means for Antarctic species-based area protection and a method for conserving species even if little is known about their habitat or distribution. The type locality criterion has not been systematically assessed since its incorporation into the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991, so the extent to which the criterion is being met or might be useful for area protection is largely unknown. To address the matter, we created and analyzed a comprehensive database of Antarctic type localities of terrestrial and lacustrine lichens, plants, and animals. We compiled the database via a literature search of key taxonomic and geographic terms and then analyzed the distance between type localities identifiable to a ≤ 25km2 resolution and current Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and human infrastructure. We used a distance-clustering approach for localities outside current ASPAs to determine candidate protected areas that could contain these unprotected localities. Of the 386 type localities analyzed, 108 were within or overlapped current ASPAs. Inclusion of the remaining 278 type localities in the ASPA network would require the designation of a further 105 protected areas. Twenty-four of these areas included human infrastructure disturbance. Given the slow rate of ASPA designation, growing pace of human impacts on the continent, and the management burden associated with ASPAs, we propose ways in which the type locality criterion might best be deployed. These include a comprehensive, systematic conservation planning approach and an alternative emphasis on the habitat of species, rather than on a single locality.
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Acrobeloides arctowskii Holovachov & Boström, 2006 (additional source)
Actornithophilus pauliani Séguy, 1953 (additional source) Acutuncus antarcticus (Richters, 1904) (additional source) Adineta barbata Janson, 1893 (additional source) Adineta coatsi Iakovenko, Smykla, Convey, Kasparona, Kozeretska, Trokhymets, Dykyy, Plewka, Devetter & Janko, 2015 (additional source) Adineta editae Iakovenko, 2015 (additional source) Adineta emsliei Iakovenko, Smykla, Convey, Kasparona, Kozeretska, Trokhymets, Dykyy, Plewka, Devetter & Janko, 2015 (additional source) Adineta fontanetoi Iakovenko, Smykla, Convey, Kasparona, Kozeretska, Trokhymets, Dykyy, Plewka, Devetter & Janko, 2015 (additional source) Adineta gracilis Janson, 1893 (additional source) Adineta grandis Murray, 1910 (additional source) Adineta longicornis Murray, 1906 (additional source) Adineta steineri Bartoš, 1951 (additional source) Adineta vaga (Davis, 1873) (additional source) Adropion greveni (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Adropion mauccii (Dastych & McInnes, 1996) (additional source) Adropion scoticum (Murray, 1905) (additional source) Aglenchus agricola (de Man, 1884) Andrássy, 1954 (additional source) Amblydorylaimus isokaryon (Loof, 1975) Andrássy, 1998 (additional source) Ancistrona fagelli (Fabricius, 1787) (additional source) Antarctenchus hooperi Spaull, 1972 (additional source) Antarctenchus motililus Ghosh, Chatterjee, Mitra & De, 2005 (additional source) Antarcticinella monoculata Salmon, 1965 (additional source) Antarctophorus subpolaris (Salmon, 1962) (additional source) Antarctophthirus carlinii Leonardi, Poljak, Carlini, Galliari, Bobinac, Santos, Marquez & Negrete, 2014 (basis of record) Antarctophthirus lobodontis Enderlein, 1909 (additional source) Antarctophthirus mawsoni Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Antarctophthirus ogmorhini Enderlein, 1906 (additional source) Aphelenchoides baguei Maslen, 1979 (additional source) Aphelenchoides vaughani Maslen, 1979 (additional source) Aphrodroma brevirostris (Lesson, 1831) (additional source) Apratylenchoides joenssoni Ryss, Boström & Sohlenius, 2005 (additional source) Aptenodytes forsteri Gray, 1844 (additional source) Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, 1778 (additional source) Archisotoma brucei (Carptenter, 1907) (additional source) Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875) (additional source) Austrogoniodes antarcticus Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austrogoniodes bifasciatus (Piaget, 1885) (additional source) Austrogoniodes cristati Kéler, 1952 (additional source) Austrogoniodes gressitti Clay, 1967 (additional source) Austrogoniodes keleri Clay, 1967 (additional source) Austrogoniodes macquariensis Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austrogoniodes mawsoni Harrison, 1937 (additional source) Austromenopon affine (Piaget, 1890) (additional source) Austromenopon brevifimbriatum (Piaget, 1880) (additional source) Austromenopon enigki Timmermann, 1963 (additional source) Austromenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) (additional source) Austromenopon stammeri Timmermann, 1963 (additional source) Barbaria jenningsi (Dastych, 1984) (basis of record) Bertolanius volubilis (Durante Pasa & Maucci, 1975) (additional source) Biscoia sudpolaris Salmon, 1962 (additional source) Boeckella poppei (Mrázek, 1901) (additional source) Boeckella silvestrii Daday, 1901 (additional source) Bourletiella hortensis (Fitch, 1863) (additional source) Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766 (additional source) Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910 (additional source) Bryodelphax olszanowskii Kaczmarek, Parnikoza, Gawlak, Esefeld, Peter, Kozeretska & Roszkowska, 2018 (basis of record) Calcaridorylaimus signatus (Loof, 1975) Andrássy, 1986 (additional source) Cephalodella auriculata (Müller, 1773) (additional source) Cephalodella catellina (Müller, 1786) (additional source) Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, 1937 (additional source) Cephalodella forficata (Ehrenberg, 1832) (additional source) Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg, 1838) (additional source) Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830) (additional source) Cephalodella megalocephala (Glascott, 1893) (additional source) Cephalodella sterea (Gosse, 1887) (additional source) Cephalodella tenuior (Gosse, 1886) (additional source) Cephalodella ventripes (Dixon-Nuttall, 1901) (additional source) Ceratophysella succinea (Ginsin, 1949) (additional source) Chiloplacoides antarcticus Heyns, 1994 (additional source) Chiloplectus masleni Boström, 1997 (additional source) Chionis albus Gmelin, 1789 (additional source) Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776) (additional source) Claxtonia corrugicaudata (McInnes, 2009) (basis of record) Collotheca campanulata (Dobie, 1849) (additional source) Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1830) (additional source) Colurella colurus (Ehrenberg, 1830) (additional source) Coomansus gerlachei (de Man, 1904) Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977 (additional source) Cryoconicus antiarktos Guidetti, Massa, Bertolani, Rebecchi & Cesari, 2019 (basis of record) Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem, 1901 (additional source) Cryptopygus badasa Greenslade, 1995 (basis of record) Cryptopygus cisantarcticus Wise, 1967 (additional source) Cryptopygus nivicolus (Salmon, 1965) (additional source) Cryptopygus sverdrupi Lawrence, 1978 (basis of record) Cryptopygus terranovus (Wise, 1967) (additional source) Dactylobiotus ambiguus (Murray, 1907) (additional source) Dactylobiotus ovimutans Kihm, Kim, McInnes, Zawierucha, Rho, Kang & Park, 2020 (basis of record) Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) studeri (Rühe, 1914) (additional source) Daption capense (Linnaeus, 1758) (additional source) Dastychius improvisus (Dastych, 1984) (additional source) Deuteraphorura cebennaria (Gisin, 1956) (basis of record) Diacyclops joycei Karanovic, Gibson, Hawes, Andersen & Stevens, 2014 (additional source) Diacyclops kaupi Karanovic, Gibson, Hawes, Andersen & Stevens, 2014 (additional source) Diacyclops mirnyi (Borutzky & Vinogradov, 1957) (additional source) Diacyclops walkeri Karanovic, Gibson, Hawes, Andersen & Stevens, 2014 (additional source) Dianea papillifera (Murray, 1905) (basis of record) Diomedea antipodensis Robertson & Warham, 1992 (additional source) Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1825 (additional source) Diomedea exulans Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source) Diomedea sanfordi Murphy, 1917 (additional source) Diphascon dastychi Pilato & Binda, 1999 (additional source) |