Placed in the family Sclerodactylidae by Thandar (1989). [details]

Also distributed in SE Arabia and East Indies (Clark & Rowe, 1971). [details]

Also distributed in Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies and Philippine (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & ... [details]

Also distributed in Celebes (Selenka, 1867); Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine, ... [details]

Colour in life: well defined cream coloured sole with white longitudinal band about 1/6th width running ... [details]

Also distributed in Maldive area, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, Philippine, China, south Japan and South ... [details]

Ecology: benthic, inshore, detritus feeder, deposit feeder. General distribution: tropical, Indo-west Pacific ... [details]

Also distributed in Maldive area in Clark & Rowe (1971). [details]

Also distributed in W India, Pakistan, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine and South Pacific ... [details]

Habitat: In rock crevices and under stones (Thandar, 1989). Distribution: Southern Natal between Umtwalumi and ... [details]

Habitat: Intertidal pool, in sand, beneath stones at LWS (Thandar & Rowe, 1989). This species is known from the ... [details]

Ecology: benthic, inshore, suspesion feeder. General distribution: tropical, Indo-west Pacific Ocean, depth range ... [details]

Also distributed in Maldive area, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine and South Pacific Is. (Clark & Rowe, ... [details]

Also distributed in Ostasiatische Meere (Selenka, 1867); SE Arabia, Maldive area, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East ... [details]

Also distributed in Sandwich Is. (Selenka, 1867); East Indies, north Australia, Philippine, south Pacific Is. and ... [details]

Also distributed in Amboina, Celebes and Banda (Pearson, 1910); SE Arabia, Maldive area, Bay of Bengal, East ... [details]

Colour in life: dark chocolate brown with large raised white areas adjacent to sole, tube feet milk white but ... [details]

This species extent from the Red Sea and Madagascar to the tropical coasts of Central America and Mexico and from ... [details]

Also distributed in East Indies, Philippine and South Pacific Is. (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & Gates, ... [details]

Also distributed in Philippine and South Pacific Is. (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & Gates, ... [details]

Also distributed in north Australia and Hawaiian Is. (Clark & Rowe, 1971). [details]

Habitat: fairly common under rock at low spring tide; in Durban found from low tide mark to about 3 m. (Thandar, ... [details]

Habitat:In rock crevices or under stones at LWS (Thandar, 1989). Also distributed in SE Arabia, W India, Pakistan, ... [details]

Also distributed in SE Arabia, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippines and Hawaiian Is. ... [details]

Habitat: found buried in sand in the upper part of the balanoid zone together with Polycheira rufescens (Brandt) ... [details]

Also distributed in China and Japan (Cherbonnier, 1953); Maldive area, East Indies, China, south Japan and South ... [details]

Also distributed in SE Arabia (Clark & Rowe, 1971). [details]

Also distributed in East Indies (Clark & Rowe, 1971). [details]

Habitat: Rock and sand. Life colouration is beige with dark pedicels (Thandar, 1991). Also distributed in SE ... [details]

Also distributed in SE Arabia, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine, China, south Japan ... [details]

Also distributed in Philippine, China, south Japan and Hawaiian Is. (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & Gates, ... [details]

Also distributed in Ceylon, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine, China, south Japan and South ... [details]

In the tropical Indian Ocean known only from Madagascar; in the tropical Pacific, in the west from Australia and ... [details]

Also occurs in Australia (Rowe & Gates, 1995). Ecology: benthic, inshore, detritus feeder, deposit feeder. General ... [details]

Also distributed in SE Arabia and north Australia (Clark & Rowe, 1971). [details]

Also distributed in Ceylon, East Indies, north Australia and Philippine (Clark & Rowe, 1971); Australia (Rowe & ... [details]

Also distributed in Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north Australia, Philippine, China and south Japan (Clark & Rowe, ... [details]

General distribution: tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific Ocean, littoral and reef flat waters (Rowe & Gates, ... [details]

Ecology: benthic, suspension feeder. General distribution: temperate, endemic in Australia, depth not recorded ... [details]

Holotype Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge (USA) No. 820. Type locality: Hawaiian Ils ... [details]

Holotype in University of Cape Town (South Africa) M9F1; syntype in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, ... [details]

Holotype Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany) E.2608. Type locality: Samoa (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Holotype South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa K1374, paratypes South African Museum K1375 (4 specimens). ... [details]

Holotype in South African Museum, Cape Town (South Africa) A6455, paratype in Museum of Comparative Zoologi, ... [details]

Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Type locality: Red Sea ... [details]

Holotype in Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). Type locality: Tuléar, Madagascar (Rowe & ... [details]

Holotype Natural History Museum, London (England) 1886.10.2.79. Type locality: Philipppines (11°06'N 123°09'E) ... [details]

Holotype Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA) No. 765. Type locality: ... [details]

Homonym of H. Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 (Rowe, 1969). H. fusco-punctata in Vaney (1905). In Subgenus (Microthele) ... [details]

Also recorded by Cherbonnier from 'Ile Querimba', on the eastern African Coast - can't trace name [details]

Type data: status and wherewbouts undetermined. Type locality: Sulawesi (as Celebes), Indonesia (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Treated as a subgenus of Holothuria by Panning (1929). Type species:Bohadschia argus Jaeger, 1833 by subseauent ... [details]

Type data: status and whereabouts undetermined. Type locality: Sulawesi (as Celebes), Indonesia (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type data: status and whereabouths undetermined. Type locality: Sulawesi ( as Celebes), Indonesia (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Genus Cucumella placed in family Cucumariidae in Rowe & Gates (1995). [details]

Type species: Synapta godeffroyi Semper, 1868 by subsequent designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

In Subgenus: Cystipus Haacke, 1880. Lectotype Museum of comparative Zoology, Harvard University, cambridge, ... [details]

Holotype in Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). Type locality: Mollucas (Rowe & Gates, ... [details]

Rowe (1969) places H. immobilis Semper, 1868 as a synonym of H. (Lessonothuria) verrucosa. In subgenus ... [details]

In Subgenus (Mertensiothuria) Deichmann, 1958. [details]

In Subgenus (Metriatyla) Rowe, 1969. [details]

Holotype (probable) Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität Humbolt zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Type locality: ... [details]

In Subgenus: (Microthele) Brandt, 1835. Type data: status and whereabotus undetermined. Type locality: 'Insula ... [details]

Type species of the Subgenus: Platyperona Rowe, 1969. Holotype in Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, Hamburg ... [details]

Deichmann (1958) places this species in synonymy with H difficilis Semper, and is followed by Rowe (1969). ... [details]

Placement in Subgenus: (Platyperona) Rowe, 1969 provisional. [details]

In Subgenus (Selenkothuria) Deichmann, 1958. [details]

In Subgenus (Semperothuria) Deichmann, 1958. Holotype: Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany) E.2540. ... [details]

In Subgenus (Semperothuria) Deichmann, 1958. [details]

In Subgenus (Thymiosycia) Pearson, 1914. Syntype Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, Hamburg (germany) E.2559. Type ... [details]

In Subgenus (Stauropora) Rowe, 1969. Holotype U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. (USA) No. 21214. Type ... [details]

In family Aspidochirotae in Selenka, 1867. [details]

Type species: Synapta tenuis Ayres, 1851 by original designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type species: Phyllophorus vestiens Joshua, 1914 by original designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type species: Thyonidium hawaiiense Fisher, 1907 by original designation by Deichmann (1938) (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type species: Cucumaria lactea Forbes and Goodsir, 1839 (Thandar, 1991). [details]

Type species: Synapta ooplax von Marenzeller. [details]

In Subgenus Phyllonovus in Cherbonnier (1988). [details]

In Subgenus (Urodemella) Deichmann, 1944. Syntypes whereabouts undetermined. Type locality: Amboina, Indonesia ... [details]

In Subgenus Phyllophorella Heding & Pannig, 1954. [details]

Type species: Chirodota rufescens Brandt, 1835 by original designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Clark has proposed in 1963 to supress the name fusca, arguing that rufescens was better known. Cherbonnier argues ... [details]

In Ordo: Apoda and in Subfamily: Heterournae in Heding (1940). Type species: Synapta abyssicola Théel, 1886 by ... [details]

Type species: Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954 (Thandar, 1990). [details]

In family Holothuriidae in Ludwig (1899). In Subfamily: Stichopodinae in Heding (1940).Type species: Stichopus ... [details]

Type species: Synaptula vivipara Örsted, 1849 (=Synaptula hydriformis Lesueur, 1824) by monotypy (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type species: Trepang ananas Jaeger, 1833 by original designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

Type species: Trachythyone muricata Studer, 1896 by subsequent designation in Thandar (1991), by monotypy according ... [details]

Spelled Chirodota in Tortonese, 1977 (Tortones, 1977, Lampert 1896). Family Synaptidae in Ludwig (1899). Type ... [details]

Spelled Chirodota stuhlmaanni in Vine (1986) and in Lampert (1896). Type locality: Tumbatu, Zanzibar, East ... [details]

Spelled Chirodota in Bell (1884). Peters as author in Selenka (1867). [details]

C. acicula and placed in family Phyllophoridae in Clark & Rowe (1971). Syntypes, Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, ... [details]

O. griseum in Tortonese (1977). Type data: status and whereabouts undetermined (?Zoologisches Museum für ... [details]

Spelled Trachythone crucifera in Vine (1986). [details]

Pearson (1913) and Panning (1929) considered this species to be a synonym of Holothuria (Actinopyga) miliaris (Quoy ... [details]

Placed in synonymy with H. difficilis Semper by Deichmann (1938). Valid species according to Cherbonnier ... [details]

Regarded as a Subgenus (Platyperona) Rowe, 1969. [details]

Needs confirmation: could also be a misidentification by Clark (1932) and by Tortonese (1953). In Rowe & Gates ... [details]

See discussion with P. rufescens [details]

S. (Gymnochirota) Brandt, 1835 regarded as Holothuria (Semperothuria) Deichmann, 1958. Suppression of subgeneric ... [details]