WoRMS taxon details
Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
105886 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:105886)
accepted
Species
Raia oculata Stephan, 1779 · unaccepted (misspelling)
Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827 · unaccepted
Raja milaretus Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling
Raja oculata Stephan, 1779 · unaccepted
Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827 · unaccepted
Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Linnaeus, C. (1758). <i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 231 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 231 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Description Found in shallow waters. Feeds on all kinds of benthic animals. Oviparous with egg-cases laid from spring to summer.
Description Found in shallow waters. Feeds on all kinds of benthic animals. Oviparous with egg-cases laid from spring to summer. [details]
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2026). FishBase. Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105886 on 2026-07-10
Date
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Nomenclature
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). <i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 231 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Geoffroy St. Hilaire, E. (1817). Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. <em>In: Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expedition de l'Armée français, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté-L'Empereur Napoléon le Grand. (Imprimerie Impériale). Paris. Histoire Naturelle.</em> v. 1 (part 1). Pls. 18-27. [details]
original description (of Raia oculata Stephan, 1779) Stephan, C. F. (1779). De rajis, schediasma primum. [Schediasma de Raiis]. Lipsiae. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
page(s): 231 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Geoffroy St. Hilaire, E. (1817). Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. <em>In: Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expedition de l'Armée français, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté-L'Empereur Napoléon le Grand. (Imprimerie Impériale). Paris. Histoire Naturelle.</em> v. 1 (part 1). Pls. 18-27. [details]
original description (of Raia oculata Stephan, 1779) Stephan, C. F. (1779). De rajis, schediasma primum. [Schediasma de Raiis]. Lipsiae. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
Ecology
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details] 
Other
additional source
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2026). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2026., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (04/2025)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Description Found in shallow waters. Feeds on all kinds of benthic animals. Oviparous with egg-cases laid from spring to summer. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | raxha me dy pikaraxha e zeshkët | [details] |
| Breton | rea gwen | [details] |
| English | brown ray | [details] |
| French | raie douce | [details] |
| German | Spiegelrochen | [details] |
| Hebrew | תריסנית ספירים | [details] |
| Lithuanian | veidrodinė raja | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Ματόβατος | [details] |
| Polish | raja motyl | [details] |
| Russian | зеркальный скат | [details] |
| Slovenian | modropegasta raža | [details] |
| Spanish | raya de espejos | [details] |
| Turkish | vatoz | [details] |
| Ukrainian | Скат дзеркальний | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (136 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (100 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (17 publications) (from synonym Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (23 publications) (from synonym Raia oculata Stephan, 1779)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (27 publications) (from synonym Raja oculata Stephan, 1779)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (55 publications) (from synonym Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Raja miraletus)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To FishBase (from synonym Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To FishBase (from synonym Raja oculata Stephan, 1779)
To FishBase (from synonym Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
To FishBase (from synonym Raia oculata Stephan, 1779)
To GenBank (354 nucleotides; 345 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To PESI
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (100 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (17 publications) (from synonym Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (23 publications) (from synonym Raia oculata Stephan, 1779)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (27 publications) (from synonym Raja oculata Stephan, 1779)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (55 publications) (from synonym Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Raja miraletus)
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To FishBase (from synonym Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827)
To FishBase (from synonym Raja oculata Stephan, 1779)
To FishBase (from synonym Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
To FishBase (from synonym Raia oculata Stephan, 1779)
To GenBank (354 nucleotides; 345 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To PESI
To ITIS
Unreviewed
