WoRMS taxon details
Prorocentrum emarginatum Y.Fukuyo, 1981
232441 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:232441)
accepted
Species
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Fukuyo Y. 1981. Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 967-978. [details] 
Type locality contained in Ryukyu Islands
type locality contained in Ryukyu Islands [details]
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:41833
Description Round to oval asymmetric cells. Some cells (in culture) with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Foveate thecal surface with...
Distribution Records of the P. emarginatum/sculptile complex are listed in Hoppenrath et al. (2023).
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:41833 [details]
Description Round to oval asymmetric cells. Some cells (in culture) with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Foveate thecal surface with...
Description Round to oval asymmetric cells. Some cells (in culture) with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Foveate thecal surface with radial rows or double rows of pores. Smooth cells often described. Plate centre devoid of pores. The periflagellar area is deep and narrow V-shaped. A thick flange extends around the tip of the area. In right thecal view the two apical “shoulders” of most cells are of different shape, the dorsal one flat truncated and the ventral one higher and pointed. Nine platelets. A wingshaped spine bordering platelet 1 on the dorsal side is present and visible in the LM. A second shorter wing, more a list, may be present on the dorsal side of platelet 4. The nucleus is located posteriorly. Hyaline division cysts known. From Hoppenrath et al. 2014. [details]
Distribution Records of the P. emarginatum/sculptile complex are listed in Hoppenrath et al. (2023).
Distribution Records of the P. emarginatum/sculptile complex are listed in Hoppenrath et al. (2023). [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Prorocentrum emarginatum Y.Fukuyo, 1981. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232441 on 2025-08-23
Date
action
by
2015-06-26 12:00:51Z
changed
db_admin
Copyright notice: the information originating from AlgaeBase may not be downloaded or replicated by any means, without the written permission of the copyright owner (generally AlgaeBase). Fair usage of data in scientific publications is permitted.
Nomenclature
original description
Fukuyo Y. 1981. Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 967-978. [details]
Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Faust M.A. 1990. Morphological details of six benthic species of <i>Prorocentrum</i> (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J. Phycol. 26: 548-558. [details]
Other
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
additional source Chomérat, N.; Bilien, G.; Zentz, F. (2019). A taxonomical study of benthic Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Caribbean Sea). <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 49(3): 1299-1319., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0913-6 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S.; Chomerat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Rhodes, L. (2023). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - their relevance for science and society. <em>Senckenberg book 88.</em> [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Petitpain D.L., Busman M. & Moeller P.D.R. 2000. Production of okadaic acid and dinophysis toxins by different species of <i>Prorocentrum</i>. In: <i>IX Conf. Harmful Algal Blooms</i>, Hobart 2000, abstracts, p. 183. [details]
additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
additional source Chomérat, N.; Bilien, G.; Zentz, F. (2019). A taxonomical study of benthic Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Caribbean Sea). <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 49(3): 1299-1319., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0913-6 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S.; Chomerat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Rhodes, L. (2023). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - their relevance for science and society. <em>Senckenberg book 88.</em> [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Petitpain D.L., Busman M. & Moeller P.D.R. 2000. Production of okadaic acid and dinophysis toxins by different species of <i>Prorocentrum</i>. In: <i>IX Conf. Harmful Algal Blooms</i>, Hobart 2000, abstracts, p. 183. [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:41833 [details]From regional or thematic species database
Description Round to oval asymmetric cells. Some cells (in culture) with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Foveate thecal surface with radial rows or double rows of pores. Smooth cells often described. Plate centre devoid of pores. The periflagellar area is deep and narrow V-shaped. A thick flange extends around the tip of the area. In right thecal view the two apical “shoulders” of most cells are of different shape, the dorsal one flat truncated and the ventral one higher and pointed. Nine platelets. A wingshaped spine bordering platelet 1 on the dorsal side is present and visible in the LM. A second shorter wing, more a list, may be present on the dorsal side of platelet 4. The nucleus is located posteriorly. Hyaline division cysts known. From Hoppenrath et al. 2014. [details]Distribution Records of the P. emarginatum/sculptile complex are listed in Hoppenrath et al. (2023). [details]
Harmful effect Low haemolytic activity and fibroblast activity reported in an abstract in cells from the southwest Indian Ocean, but no toxicity discovered in material from Belize. Further studies are needed. [details]
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy.
Prorocentrum sculptile and P. fukuyoi are similar species. The features on which these species can be reliably distinguished are not yet clear (detailed discussion in Hoppenrath et al. 2013).
For morphological identification help look here: https://www.dinophyta.org/identification-keys/marine-benthic-dinoflagellates/prorocentrum-ident-spp-pages/
or check out this key: https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v4/prorocentrum/
[details]
Toxicology The strain from Brazil caused lysis of erythrocytes but lipophilic toxins were not detected (Queiroz Mendes et al. 2019). [details]
Verified sequences Although several sequences ascribed to P. emarginatum are available in GenBank, none can be unambiguously associated with this species originally described from Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Fukuyo 1981) but morphologically close to P. sculptile from Belize (Faust 1994). Chomérat et al. (2019) tentatively identified sequences from the Carribean as P. cf. sculptile (clade F1b) while those in the F1a clade were treated as P. cf. emarginatum until further confirmation.
SSU rDNA (Y16239, EU196418), ITS (KY010245, MF803149), LSU rDNA (AJ567465, DQ336192, KY010260). [details]
Published in AlgaeBase 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum emarginatum)
To GenBank (20 nucleotides; 0 proteins)
To NMNH Extant Collection (021037.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (021039.jpg)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum emarginatum)
To GenBank (20 nucleotides; 0 proteins)
To NMNH Extant Collection (021037.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (021039.jpg)
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Hosted externally
Hosted externally
