• Modiolus Lamarck, 1799
• Modiolus (Amygdalum) Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 accepted as Amygdalum Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811
• Modiolus (Amygdalum) sagittatus Rehder, 1935 accepted as Amygdalum sagittatum (Rehder, 1935)
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) Swainson, 1840 accepted as Brachidontes Swainson, 1840
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) cowlitzensis C. E. Weaver & K. van W. Palmer, 1922 † (uncertain > unassessed)
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) denysianus [sic] † accepted as Musculus denisianus (A. d'Orbigny, 1845) †
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) marginatus (Eichwald, 1830) † accepted as Musculus marginatus (Eichwald, 1830) † accepted as Brachidontes marginatus (Eichwald, 1830) †
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) marginatus var. caucasicus Zhizhchenko, 1936 † accepted as Musculus conditus (M. Hörnes, 1867) †
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) marginatus var. tarchanensis Gatuev, 1916 † accepted as Musculus tarchanensis (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) olequaensis C. E. Weaver & K. van W. Palmer, 1922 † (uncertain > unassessed)
• Modiolus (Brachydontes) sarmaticus Gatuev, 1916 † accepted as Musculus sarmaticus (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus (Eumodiolus) Ihering, 1900 accepted as Modiolus Lamarck, 1799
• Modiolus (Mauricia) G. D. Harris, 1919 † represented as Mauricia G. D. Harris, 1919 †
• Modiolus (Mauricia) houstonius G. D. Harris, 1919 † represented as Mauricia houstonia (G. D. Harris, 1895) †
• Modiolus (Modiolaria) Lovén, 1846 accepted as Musculus Röding, 1798
• Modiolus (Modiolaria) fuchsi (Sinzov, 1875) † accepted as Musculus fuchsi (Sinzov, 1875) †
• Modiolus (Modiolaria) papilio Gatuev, 1916 † accepted as Musculus papilio (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus (Modiolaria) papilio var. multicostata Gatuev, 1916 † accepted as Musculus sarmaticus sarmaticus (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) Lamarck, 1799 represented as Modiolus Lamarck, 1799
• Modiolus (Modiolus) bipartitus J. Sowerby, 1818 † represented as Modiolus bipartitus J. Sowerby, 1818 †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) brassoensis Maury, 1925 † represented as Modiolus brassoensis Maury, 1925 †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) nonuranus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935 accepted as Semimytilus patagonicus (Hanley, 1843)
• Modiolus (Modiolus) scalprum J. Sowerby, 1821 † represented as Modiolus scalprum J. Sowerby, 1821 †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) tumbezensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935 accepted as Mytella tumbezensis (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935)
• Modiolus (Modiolus) ventricosus Roemer, 1836 † represented as Modiolus ventricosus F. A. Roemer, 1836 †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) waringi Maury, 1925 † represented as Modiolus waringi Maury, 1925 †
• Modiolus (Modiolus) willapaensis Squires & Goedert, 1991 † accepted as Bathymodiolus willapaensis (Squires & Goedert, 1991) †
• Modiolus (Modiolusia) G. Yamamoto & Habe, 1958 accepted as Jolya Bourguignat, 1877
• Modiolus (Modiolusia) elongatus Swainson, 1821 accepted as Jolya elongata (Swainson, 1821)
• Modiolus (Musculus) Röding, 1798 accepted as Musculus Röding, 1798
• Modiolus (Musculus) caucasicus Zhizhchenko, 1936 † accepted as Musculus conditus (M. Hörnes, 1867) †
• Modiolus (Musculus) conditus Hörnes, 1867 † accepted as Musculus conditus (M. Hörnes, 1867) †
• Modiolus (Musculus) tarchanensis (Gatuev, 1916) † accepted as Musculus tarchanensis (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus (Strimodiolus) Fürsich, 1982 † represented as Modiolus Lamarck, 1799
• Modiolus (Strimodiolus) elongatus Fürsich, 1982 † represented as Modiolus elongatus Fürsich, 1982 †
• Modiolus abaensis Betekhtina, 1979 †
• Modiolus abyssicola Knudsen, 1970 accepted as Benthomodiolus abyssicola (Knudsen, 1970)
• Modiolus adelaidensis Tate, 1886 †
• Modiolus adriaticus Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus adriaticus ovalis G. B. Sowerby II, 1859 accepted as Modiolus adriaticus Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus affinis (K. Martin, 1879) † accepted as Lithophaga affinis (K. Martin, 1879) †
• Modiolus agglutinans Cantraine, 1835 accepted as Lioberus agglutinans (Cantraine, 1835)
• Modiolus agripeta Iredale, 1939 accepted as Modiolus auriculatus Krauss, 1848
• Modiolus albicosta Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus albicostata [sic] accepted as Modiolus albicosta Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus albicostatus [sic] accepted as Modiolus albicosta Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus altijugatus Marwick, 1931 † accepted as Xenostrobus altijugatus (Marwick, 1931) †
• Modiolus amaurus Cossmann, 1892 †
• Modiolus americanus Leach, 1815
• Modiolus aratus (Dunker, 1857) accepted as Jolya arata (Dunker, 1857)
• Modiolus arborescens (Dillwyn, 1817) accepted as Amygdalum arborescens (Fischer von Waldheim, 1807)
• Modiolus arciformis Dall, 1909 accepted as Mytella charruana (A. d'Orbigny, 1846) accepted as Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843)
• Modiolus arcuatulus Hanley, 1844 accepted as Arcuatula arcuatula (Hanley, 1844)
• Modiolus areolatus (A. Gould, 1850)
• Modiolus ater (Zelebor, 1866) accepted as Xenostrobus neozelanicus (Iredale, 1915)
• Modiolus auriculatus Krauss, 1848
• Modiolus auriculatus var. aurantius (Jousseaume, 1919) accepted as Modiolus auriculatus Krauss, 1848
• Modiolus aurum Osorio, 1979
• Modiolus australis (J. E. Gray, 1826) accepted as Modiolus areolatus (A. Gould, 1850)
• Modiolus bakeri Dickerson, 1914 † (uncertain > unassessed)
• Modiolus balongensis K. Martin, 1931 †
• Modiolus barbatellus Cantraine, 1835 accepted as Gregariella petagnae (Scacchi, 1832)
• Modiolus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Modiolus baylei (R. A. Philippi, 1899) †
• Modiolus bipartitus J. Sowerby, 1818 †
• Modiolus biradiatus Hanley, 1843
• Modiolus bourailensis (T. D. A. Cockerell, 1929)
• Modiolus brassoensis Maury, 1925 † (uncertain > unassessed)
• Modiolus brocchii M. Hörnes, 1867 †
• Modiolus brocchii var. ustjurtensis Zhizhchenko, 1937 † accepted as Modiolus ustjurtensis Zhizhchenko, 1937 † accepted as Modiolus adriaticus Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus buglovensis Gatuev, 1916 † accepted as Mytilaster volhynicus buglovensis (Gatuev, 1916) †
• Modiolus capax Conrad, 1837
• Modiolus capensis (Krauss, 1848) accepted as Arcuatula capensis (Krauss, 1848)
• Modiolus carpenteri T. Soot-Ryen, 1963
• Modiolus carvalhoi Klappenbach, 1966
• Modiolus cecillii (R. A. Philippi, 1847)
• Modiolus cimbricus Ockelmann & Cedhagen, 2019
• Modiolus cinnamomeus (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Botula cinnamomea (Gmelin, 1791)
• Modiolus cochlear (Menke, 1848)
• Modiolus comptus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1915)
• Modiolus costulatus Risso, 1826 accepted as Musculus costulatus (Risso, 1826)
• Modiolus cottoni Laseron, 1956 accepted as Modiolus areolatus (A. Gould, 1850)
• Modiolus cumingianus (Reeve, 1857) accepted as Musculus cumingianus (Reeve, 1857)
• Modiolus curvatus (Dunker, 1857) accepted as Brachidontes mutabilis (A. Gould, 1861)
• Modiolus curvus Betekhtina, 1979 †
• Modiolus cylindricus (Krauss, 1848) accepted as Lithophaga cylindrica (Krauss, 1848)
• Modiolus delinificus Iredale, 1924 accepted as Modiolus albicosta Lamarck, 1819
• Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn, 1817) accepted as Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817)
• Modiolus demissus var. granosissimus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914) accepted as Geukensia granosissima (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914)
• Modiolus demissus var. plicatula Lamarck, 1819 accepted as Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817)
• Modiolus diegensis Dall, 1911 accepted as Adula diegensis (Dall, 1911)
• Modiolus difficilis (Deshayes, 1863) accepted as Gregariella difficilis (Deshayes, 1863)
• Modiolus difficilis (T. Habe & Kuroda, 1950) accepted as Modiolus kurilensis F. R. Bernard, 1983
• Modiolus directus Dall, 1909 accepted as Modiolus rectus Conrad, 1837
• Modiolus dolabratus Deshayes, 1858 †
• Modiolus dolichus Suter, 1917 † accepted as Amygdalum striatum (F. W. Hutton, 1873)
• Modiolus dubius Prashad, 1932 accepted as Adipicola dubia (Prashad, 1932) accepted as Idas dubius (Prashad, 1932)
• Modiolus eiseni A. M. Strong & Hertlein, 1937
• Modiolus elegans (Gray, 1828) accepted as Arcuatula elegans (Gray, 1828)
• Modiolus elongatus Fürsich, 1982 † (accepted > unreplaced junior homonym)