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Fautin, D. G. (2016). Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa. 4145(1): 1-449.
239631
10.11646/zootaxa.4145.1.1 [view]
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:05F31467-CB95-4451-87D3-C3F576FDD51C [view]
Fautin, D. G.
2016
Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)
Zootaxa
4145(1): 1-449
Publication
This book inventories all available (and some unavailable) names in the family, genus, and species groups of extant members of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia [cnidarian subclass Hexacorallia (Zoantharia) of class Anthozoa], providing a benchmark of names,their status, and taxon membership. I have attempted to make the compilation complete as of 2010; some names created after 2010 are included. The book is derived from a database I compiled that was available through a website. Most of the book is from the literature that defines taxa and documents their geographic distribution—primarily publications on nomenclature, taxonomy, and biogeography, but also some on ecology, pharmacology, reproductive biology, physiology, etc. of anemones (the common name for these groups); the reference section comprises 845 entries. As for previous anemone catalogs, this contains taxonomic as well as nomenclatural information, the former based on subjective opinion of working biologists, the latter objectively verifiable and unchanging (except by action of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). Each family-group name, genus-group name, and original combination for species-group names has an entry. The entry contains the bibliographic reference to the publication in which each name was made available. This book contains for Corallimorpharia seven family names (four considered valid [57%]), 20 generic names (10 considered valid [50%] and one unavailable), and 65 species names (46 considered valid [70%]). It contains for Actiniaria 86 family names (50 considered valid [58%] and three unavailable), 447 generic names (264 considered valid [59%] and two unavailable), and 1427 species names (1101 considered valid [77%] and nine unavailable). Type specimens are inventoried from more than 50 natural history museums in Africa, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, and North America, including those with the largest collections of anemones; the geographic sources of specimens that were the bases of new names are identified. I resolve some nomenclatural issues, acting as First Reviser. A few taxonomic opinions are published for the first time. I have been unable to resolve a small number of problematic names having both nomenclatural and taxonomic problems. Molecular phylogenetic analyses are changing assignment of genera to families and species to genera. Systematics may change, but the basics of nomenclature remain unchanged in face of such alterations. All actions are in accord with the principles of nomenclature enunciated in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. These include the type concept, the Principle of Coordination, and the Principle of Priority. Nomenclatural acts include the creation of new replacement names; seven actiniarian generic names and one species name that are junior homonyms but have been treated as valid are replaced and an eighth new genus name is created. I designate type species for two genera. Except for published misspellings, names are rendered correctly according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; I have altered spelling of some species names to conform to orthographic regulations. I place several species that had been assigned to genera now considered junior synonyms in the genus to which the type species was moved; experts on these anemones should determine whether those generic placements, which follow the nomenclatural rules, are taxonomically appropriate. This inventory can be a useful starting point in assembling the literature and trying to understand the rationale for the creation and use of names for the taxonomic matters yet to be resolved. Some nomenclatural conundra will not be resolved until taxonomic uncertainties are. A taxonomist familiar with the animals needs to ascertain whether the published synonymies are justified. If so, the senior synonym should be used, which, in many instances, will involve determining the proper generic assignment of the species and the correct rendering of the name; if changing the name would be disruptive, retaining the junior name would require an appeal to the Commission (Code Article 23.11).
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2016-08-09 07:48:09Z
created

Actinia (Diplostephanus) nodosa Fabricius, 1780 represented as Actinia nodosa Fabricius, 1780 accepted as Hormathia nodosa (Fabricius, 1780) (status source)
Actinia (Diplostephanus) sanctaecatherinae Lesson, 1830 represented as Actinia sanctaecatherinae Lesson, 1830 accepted as Paractis sanctaecatherinae (Lesson, 1830) (status source)
Actinia (Monostephanus) simplex Ehrenberg, 1834 represented as Actinia simplex Ehrenberg, 1834 (status source)
Actinia coerulea accepted as Phymanthus coeruleus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (additional source)
Actinia daevisii Agassiz, 1847 accepted as Urticina (Tealia) felina (Linnaeus, 1761) accepted as Urticina felina (Linnaeus, 1761) (status source)
Actinia guttata Agassiz accepted as Verrillactis sol (Verrill, 1864) (additional source)
Actinia nodosa Fabricius, 1780 accepted as Hormathia nodosa (Fabricius, 1780) (status source)
Actinia simplex Ehrenberg, 1834 (status source)
Adamsia Forbes, 1840 accepted as Calliactis Verrill, 1869 (additional source)
Adamsia palliata (Fabricius, 1779) accepted as Calliactis palliata (Müller, 1776) (taxonomy source)
Cadetactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Ceratactis Milne Edwards, 1857 accepted as Anemonia Risso, 1827 (status source)
Ceratactis clavata Milne Edwards, 1857 accepted as Anemonia clavata (Milne Edwards, 1857) (additional source)
Condylactis aspera (Haddon & Shackleton, 1893) accepted as Macrodactyla aspera (Haddon & Shackleton, 1893) (additional source)
Condylactis aspera Haddon & Shackleton, 1893 accepted as Macrodactyla aspera (Haddon & Shackleton, 1893) (additional source)
Condylactis doreensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) accepted as Heteractis doreensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (basis of record)
Cradactis McMurrich, 1893 accepted as Actinostella Duchassaing, 1850 (additional source)
Cricophorus nutrix (Stuckey, 1909) accepted as Handactis nutrix (Stuckey, 1909) (new combination reference)
Englandactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Englandactis commensalis (Gravier, 1918) (new combination reference)
Halcurias hiroomii Izumi, Fujii, Yanagi & Fujita, 2023 (taxonomy source)
Halcurias macmurrichi Uchida, 2004 accepted as Halcurias uchidai Rodríguez & Lauretta, 2023 (taxonomy source)
Haloclava stimpsoni (Verrill, 1868) accepted as Haloclava stimpsonii (Verrill, 1868) (status source)
Handactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Handactis radiatus (Stimpson, 1856) accepted as Paraiptasia radiata (Stimpson, 1856) (taxonomy source)
Hormathia nodosa (Fabricius, 1780) (status source)
Macrodactyla Haddon, 1898 (additional source)
Macrodactyla doreensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) accepted as Heteractis doreensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (additional source)
Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) (status source)
Paraiptasia radiata (Stimpson, 1856) (additional source)
Paranthea Verrill, 1868 (additional source)
Phymanthus coeruleus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (additional source)
Riactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Robsonactis quadrangularis (Bruguière, 1789) (new combination reference)
Tetractis accepted as Robsonactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Tilesia Andres, 1883 accepted as Williamsactis Fautin, 2016 (new combination reference)
Tilesia brasiliensis (Tilesius in Milne Edwards, 1857) accepted as Williamsactis brasiliensis (Tilesius in Milne Edwards, 1857) (new combination reference)
Williamsactis Fautin, 2016 (original description)
Syntype MCZ 1286, identified as Actinia daevisii Agassiz, 1847
Syntype MCZ 1298, identified as Actinia daevisii Agassiz, 1847
 Additional information

Taxon not identified as valid in Fautin (2016), but not identified as a synonym. Identity of type species unknown, ... [details]

 Classification

Former Bunodactis species transferred to Aulactinia based on published diagnosis rather than examination of type ... [details]

 Nomenclature

Actinia striata Rizzi, 1907 and Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 are both currently considered valid. The ... [details]

 Nomenclature

Actinia striata Rizzi, 1907 and Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 are both currently considered valid. The ... [details]

 Nomenclature

L. danae is a subjective synonym of L. neglecta (Lebrunia (Oulactis) Danae, was not originally included in genus ... [details]

 Taxonomic remark

Fautin (2016) created a new name for Actinauge abyssorum (Gravier 1918) to solve the homonym status of the name  [details]