URMO taxon details
original description
K�lliker, A. (1875). Die Pennatulide Umbellula und zwei neue Typen der Alcyonarien. <em>Festschrift zur Feier des f�nfundzwanzigj�hrigen Bestehens der Physicalisch-medicinischen Gesellschaft in W�rzburg.</em> pp. 1-23, plates 1-2. page(s): 11 [details] 
original description
(of Umbellula pallida Lindahl, 1874) Lindahl, J. (1874). Om Pennatulid-Sl�gtet Umbellula Cuv. <em>Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar.</em> 13(3): 1-22, plates 1-3., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43236674 page(s): 13 [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record
Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors 
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Cairns, S.D., and Bayer, F.M., 2009. Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 321�331 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico�Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source
Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Oca�a, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.S�nchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors 
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 51(2): 19-103. (look up in IMIS) page(s): 46 [details]
additional source
L�pez-Gonz�lez, P. J.; Gili, J. M.; Williams, G. C. (2001). New records of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the African Atlantic coast, with description of a new species and a zoogeographic analysis. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 65(1), 59-74. page(s): 71, 72 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114 page(s): 37, 40, 84, 85, 86, 111, 112, 113 [details]
additional source
Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633 page(s): 11, 254, 267, 268-269, 288, 290 [details]
additional source
Jungersen, H.F.E. (1904). Pennatulida. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(1): 1-95, plates 1-3., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16847516 page(s): 75-79 [details]
additional source
Broch, H. (1958). Octocorals. Part I. Pennatularians. Discovery Reports, XXIX, 245-280, plates XI, XII page(s): 247, 252, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 268, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276 [details]
additional source
Bayer, F. M. (1954). Anthozoa: Alcyonaria. <em>Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.).</em> 89: 279-284. page(s): 281, 283 [details] Available for editors 
additional source
Williams, G. C.; Rogers, J. (1989). Photographic evidence of bathyal octocorals from the Cape Basin. South African Journal of Science, 85, 191-192 page(s): 191, 192 [details]
additional source
Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44 page(s): 36 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Distribution cosmopolitan [details]
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