Among all the species of Leptoiulus with complicated taxonomic histories, L. montivagus probably takes the prize. It seems to be a relict species surviving at high altitudes, formerly widespread during the ice age, and since then the now isolated populations on the summits of mountain chains have diversified to some degree. Regarded as highly endangered in Germany (Voigtländer et al. 2011).

The so-called montivagus-group of Leptoiulus (= L. braueri-group sensu KURNIK & THALER 1985) is a challenge. This could be a species group with several distinct species. Morphological and molecular data are needed to clarify this question. The population from the Bavarian Forest (Germany) and Sumawa Forest (Czechia), formerly named L. weberi Verhoeff, 1927, seems to be restricted to stone runs. Beside the type locality of L. weberi (VERHOEFF 1927b), only the record cited above is known from the Bavarian Forest. There are some more records from Bohemia (KOCOUREK et al. 2023). The population from the Rhine Valley shows completely different ecological behaviour. At the Kaiserstuhl mountain it occurs in dry and warm vineyards (KOBEL-LAMPARSKI 1987). In the Rheinacher Heide in northern Switzerland L. montivagus it was found in a protected area with dry meadows (PEDROLI-CHRISTEN 1993).