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Traits taxon details

Sepia Linnaeus, 1758

138477  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:138477)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Mollusca (Phylum)
  4. Cephalopoda (Class)
  5. Coleoidea (Subclass)
  6. Decapodiformes (Superorder)
  7. Sepiida (Order)
  8. Sepiina (Suborder)
  9. Sepioidea (Superfamily)
  10. Sepiidae (Family)
  11. Sepia (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Sepia (Anomalosepia) Khromov, 1987 · alternative representation
Sepia (Mesembrisepia) Iredale, 1926 · alternative representation
Sepia (Platysepia) Naef, 1923 · alternative representation
Sepia (Sepia) Linnaeus, 1758 · alternative representation

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  1. Species Sepia acuminata E. A. Smith, 1916
  2. Species Sepia adami Roeleveld, 1972
  3. Species Sepia appelloefi Wülker, 1910
  4. Species Sepia aureomaculata Okutani & Horikawa, 1987
  5. Species Sepia bathyalis Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991
  6. Species Sepia bertheloti A. d'Orbigny, 1835
  7. Species Sepia bidhaia A. Reid, 2000
  8. Species Sepia brevimana Steenstrup, 1875
  9. Species Sepia burnupi Hoyle, 1904
  10. Species Sepia carinata M. Sasaki, 1920
  11. Species Sepia chirotrema S. S. Berry, 1918
  12. Species Sepia confusa E. A. Smith, 1916
  13. Species Sepia cottoni Adam, 1979
  14. Species Sepia dollfusi Adam, 1941
  15. Species Sepia elobyana Adam, 1941
  16. Species Sepia elongata A. d'Orbigny, 1842
  17. Species Sepia furcata Ho & Lu, 2005
  18. Species Sepia gibba Ehrenberg, 1831
  19. Species Sepia grahami A. Reid, 2001
  20. Species Sepia hierredda Rang, 1835
  21. Species Sepia hirunda Ho & Lu, 2005
  22. Species Sepia incerta E. A. Smith, 1916
  23. Species Sepia insignis E. A. Smith, 1916
  24. Species Sepia irvingi W. T. Meyer, 1909
  25. Species Sepia ivanovi Khromov, 1982
  26. Species Sepia joubini Massy, 1927
  27. Species Sepia kiensis Hoyle, 1885
  28. Species Sepia koilados A. Reid, 2000
  29. Species Sepia mascarensis Filippova & Khromov, 1991
  30. Species Sepia mira (Cotton, 1932)
  31. Species Sepia mirabilis Khromov, 1988
  32. Species Sepia murrayi Adam & Rees, 1966
  33. Species Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758
  34. Species Sepia plana Lu & A. Reid, 1997
  35. Species Sepia plathyconchalis Filippova & Khromov, 1991
  36. Species Sepia prabahari Neethiselvan & Venkataramani, 2002
  37. Species Sepia pulchra Roeleveld & Liltved, 1985
  38. Species Sepia reesi Adam, 1979
  39. Species Sepia rhoda (Iredale, 1954)
  40. Species Sepia savignyi Blainville, 1827
  41. Species Sepia saya Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991
  42. Species Sepia senta Lu & A. Reid, 1997
  43. Species Sepia sewelli Adam & Rees, 1966
  44. Species Sepia simoniana Thiele, 1920
  45. Species Sepia sokotriensis Khromov, 1988
  46. Species Sepia subplana Lu & Boucher-Rodoni, 2001
  47. Species Sepia subtenuipes Okutani & Horikawa, 1987
  48. Species Sepia sulcata Hoyle, 1885
  49. Species Sepia tala Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991
  50. Species Sepia tanybracheia A. Reid, 2000
  51. Species Sepia thurstoni Adam & Rees, 1966
  52. Species Sepia tuberculata Lamarck, 1798
  53. Species Sepia vecchioni Neethiselvan & Venkataramani, 2010
  54. Species Sepia vercoi Adam, 1979
  55. Species Sepia vermiculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
  56. Species Sepia vietnamica Khromov, 1987
  57. Species Sepia vossi Khromov, 1996
  58. Species Sepia zanzibarica Pfeffer, 1884
  59. Species Sepia bartletti (Iredale, 1954) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  60. Species Sepia baxteri (Iredale, 1940) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  61. Species Sepia complanata Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  62. Species Sepia cuvieri A. d'Orbigny, 1826 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  63. Species Sepia gastaldii Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  64. Species Sepia granosa Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  65. Species Sepia isseli Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  66. Species Sepia parisiensis A. d'Orbigny, 1826 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  67. Species Sepia rugulosa Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  68. Species Sepia stricta Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  69. Species Sepia verrucosa Bellardi, 1873 † (uncertain > unassessed)
  70. Subgenus Sepia (Acanthosepion) Rochebrune, 1884 accepted as Acanthosepion Rochebrune, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    1. Species Sepia (Acanthosepion) pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 accepted as Acanthosepion pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831)
    2. Species Sepia (Acanthosepion) lycidas J. E. Gray, 1849 represented as Sepia lycidas J. E. Gray, 1849 accepted as Acanthosepion lycidas (J. E. Gray, 1849)
  71. Subgenus Sepia (Digitosepia) Lipiński, 2020 accepted as Digitosepia Lipiński, 2020 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    1. Species Sepia (Digitosepia) barosei Lipiński, 2020 accepted as Digitosepia barosei (Lipiński, 2020) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    2. Species Sepia (Digitosepia) faurei Roeleveld, 1972 accepted as Digitosepia faurei (Roeleveld, 1972) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    3. Species Sepia (Digitosepia) robsoni (Massy, 1927) accepted as Digitosepia robsoni (Massy, 1927) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    4. Species Sepia (Digitosepia) roeleveldi Lipiński, 2020 accepted as Digitosepia roeleveldi (Lipiński, 2020) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  72. Subgenus Sepia (Doratosepion) Rochebrune, 1884 accepted as Doratosepion Rochebrune, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    1. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) andreana Steenstrup, 1875 accepted as Doratosepion andreanum (Steenstrup, 1875) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    2. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) erostrata M. Sasaki, 1929 accepted as Doratosepion erostratum (M. Sasaki, 1929) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    3. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) foliopeza Okutani & Horikawa, 1987 accepted as Doratosepion foliopeza (Okutani & Tagawa, 1987) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    4. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) kobiensis Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Doratosepion kobiense (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    5. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) longipes M. Sasaki, 1913 accepted as Sepia longipes M. Sasaki, 1913 accepted as Doratosepion longipes (M. Sasaki, 1913) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    6. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) lorigera Wülker, 1910 accepted as Doratosepion lorigerum (Wülker, 1910) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    7. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) pardex M. Sasaki, 1913 accepted as Doratosepion pardex (M. Sasaki, 1913) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    8. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) peterseni Appellöf, 1886 accepted as Doratosepion peterseni (Appellöf, 1886) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    9. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) prashadi Winckworth, 1936 accepted as Rhombosepion prashadi (Winckworth, 1936) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    10. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) tenuipes M. Sasaki, 1929 accepted as Doratosepion tenuipes (M. Sasaki, 1929) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    11. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) aureomaculata Okutani & Horikawa, 1987 represented as Sepia aureomaculata Okutani & Horikawa, 1987
    12. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) furcata Ho & Lu, 2005 represented as Sepia furcata Ho & Lu, 2005
    13. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) hirunda Ho & Lu, 2005 represented as Sepia hirunda Ho & Lu, 2005
    14. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) misakiensis Wülker, 1910 represented as Sepia misakiensis Wülker, 1910 accepted as Sepia tokioensis Ortmann, 1888 accepted as Doratosepion tokioense (Ortmann, 1888)
    15. Species Sepia (Doratosepion) subtenuipes Okutani & Horikawa, 1987 represented as Sepia subtenuipes Okutani & Horikawa, 1987
  73. Subgenus Sepia (Hemisepius) Steenstrup, 1875 accepted as Hemisepius Steenstrup, 1875 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    1. Subgenus Sepia (Rhombosepion) Rochebrune, 1884 accepted as Rhombosepion Rochebrune, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
      1. Species Sepia (Rhombosepion) vossi Khromov, 1996 represented as Sepia vossi Khromov, 1996
    2. Species Sepia aculeata A. d'Orbigny, 1835 accepted as Acanthosepion aculeatum (A. d'Orbigny, 1835) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    3. Species Sepia andreana Steenstrup, 1875 accepted as Doratosepion andreanum (Steenstrup, 1875) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    4. Species Sepia angulata Roeleveld, 1972 accepted as Spathidosepion angulatum (Roeleveld, 1972) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    5. Species Sepia apama J. E. Gray, 1849 accepted as Ascarosepion apama (J. E. Gray, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    6. Species Sepia arabica Massy, 1916 accepted as Aurosepina arabica (Massy, 1916) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    7. Species Sepia australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 accepted as Decorisepia australis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    8. Species Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939 accepted as Ascarosepion bandense (Adam, 1939) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    9. Species Sepia barosei Lipiński, 2020 accepted as Digitosepia barosei (Lipiński, 2020) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    10. Species Sepia blainvillii Deshayes, 1835 † accepted as Belosaepia blainvillii (Deshayes, 1835) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    11. Species Sepia braggi Verco, 1907 accepted as Doratosepion braggi (Verco, 1907) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    12. Species Sepia cultrata Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Ascarosepion cultratum (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    13. Species Sepia dubia Adam & W. J. Rees, 1966 accepted as Digitosepia dubia (Adam & W. J. Rees, 1966) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    14. Species Sepia elegans Blainville, 1827 accepted as Rhombosepion elegans (Blainville, 1827) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    15. Species Sepia elliptica Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Acanthosepion ellipticum (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    16. Species Sepia erostrata M. Sasaki, 1929 accepted as Doratosepion erostratum (M. Sasaki, 1929) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    17. Species Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Acanthosepion esculentum (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    18. Species Sepia faurei Roeleveld, 1972 accepted as Digitosepia faurei (Roeleveld, 1972) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    19. Species Sepia filibrachia A. Reid & Lu, 2005 accepted as Ascarosepion filibrachia (A. Reid & Lu, 2005) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    20. Species Sepia foliopeza Okutani & Tagawa, 1987 accepted as Doratosepion foliopeza (Okutani & Tagawa, 1987) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    21. Species Sepia hedleyi S. S. Berry, 1918 accepted as Decorisepia hedleyi (S. S. Berry, 1918) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    22. Species Sepia hieronis (G. C. Robson, 1924) accepted as Lusepia hieronis (G. C. Robson, 1924) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    23. Species Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Doratosepion kobiense (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    24. Species Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 accepted as Ascarosepion latimanus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    25. Species Sepia limata (Iredale, 1926) accepted as Doratosepion limatum (Iredale, 1926) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    26. Species Sepia longipes M. Sasaki, 1913 accepted as Doratosepion longipes (M. Sasaki, 1913) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    27. Species Sepia lorigera Wülker, 1910 accepted as Doratosepion lorigerum (Wülker, 1910) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    28. Species Sepia lycidas J. E. Gray, 1849 accepted as Acanthosepion lycidas (J. E. Gray, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    29. Species Sepia madokai Adam, 1939 accepted as Decorisepia madokai (Adam, 1939) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    30. Species Sepia mestus Gray, 1849 accepted as Ascarosepion mestus (Gray, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    31. Species Sepia misakiensis Wülker, 1910 accepted as Sepia tokioensis Ortmann, 1888 accepted as Doratosepion tokioense (Ortmann, 1888) (synonym)
    32. Species Sepia novaehollandiae Hoyle, 1909 accepted as Ascarosepion novaehollandiae (Hoyle, 1909) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    33. Species Sepia omani Adam & Rees, 1966 accepted as Rhombosepion omani (Adam & Rees, 1966) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    34. Species Sepia opipara (Iredale, 1926) accepted as Ascarosepion opiparum (Iredale, 1926) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    35. Species Sepia orbignyana A. Férussac, 1826 accepted as Rhombosepion orbignyanum (A. Férussac, 1826) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    36. Species Sepia papillata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 accepted as Spathidosepion papillatum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    37. Species Sepia papuensis Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Ascarosepion papuense (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    38. Species Sepia pardex M. Sasaki, 1913 accepted as Doratosepion pardex (M. Sasaki, 1913) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    39. Species Sepia peterseni Appellöf, 1886 accepted as Doratosepion peterseni (Appellöf, 1886) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    40. Species Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 accepted as Acanthosepion pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    41. Species Sepia plangon J. E. Gray, 1849 accepted as Ascarosepion plangon (J. E. Gray, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    42. Species Sepia prashadi Winckworth, 1936 accepted as Rhombosepion prashadi (Winckworth, 1936) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    43. Species Sepia ramani Neethiselvan, 2001 accepted as Acanthosepion ramani (Neethiselvan, 2001) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    44. Species Sepia recurvirostra Steenstrup, 1875 accepted as Acanthosepion recurvirostrum (Steenstrup, 1875) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    45. Species Sepia rex (Iredale, 1926) accepted as Decorisepia hedleyi (S. S. Berry, 1918) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    46. Species Sepia robsoni M. Sasaki, 1929 accepted as Sepia madokai Adam, 1939 accepted as Decorisepia madokai (Adam, 1939) (invalid: junior homonym of Sepia robsoni Massy, 1929)
    47. Species Sepia robsoni (Massy, 1927) accepted as Digitosepia robsoni (Massy, 1927) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    48. Species Sepia roeleveldi Lipiński, 2020 accepted as Digitosepia roeleveldi (Lipiński, 2020) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    49. Species Sepia rozella (Iredale, 1926) accepted as Ascarosepion rozella (Iredale, 1926) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    50. Species Sepia shazae Lipinski & Leslie, 2018 accepted as Digitosepia shazae (Lipinski & Leslie, 2018) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    51. Species Sepia smithi Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Acanthosepion smithi (Hoyle, 1885) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    52. Species Sepia stellifera Khomenko & Khromov, 1984 accepted as Acanthosepion stelliferum (Khomenko & Khromov, 1984) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    53. Species Sepia tenuipes M. Sasaki, 1929 accepted as Doratosepion tenuipes (M. Sasaki, 1929) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    54. Species Sepia tokioensis Ortmann, 1888 accepted as Doratosepion tokioense (Ortmann, 1888) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    55. Species Sepia trygonina (Rochebrune, 1884) accepted as Erythalassa trygonina (Rochebrune, 1884) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    56. Species Sepia typica (Steenstrup, 1875) accepted as Hemisepius typicus Steenstrup, 1875 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    57. Species Sepia vera Deshayes, 1865 † accepted as Pseudosepia vera (Deshayes, 1865) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    58. Species Sepia whitleyana (Iredale, 1926) accepted as Acanthosepion whitleyanum Iredale, 1926 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    59. Subgenus Sepia (Anomalosepia) Khromov, 1987 represented as Sepia Linnaeus, 1758
    60. Subgenus Sepia (Mesembrisepia) Iredale, 1926 represented as Sepia Linnaeus, 1758
      1. Species Sepia (Mesembrisepia) latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 accepted as Ascarosepion latimanus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
    61. Subgenus Sepia (Platysepia) Naef, 1923 represented as Sepia Linnaeus, 1758
      1. Species Sepia (Platysepia) esculenta Hoyle, 1885 accepted as Acanthosepion esculentum (Hoyle, 1885)
      2. Species Sepia (Platysepia) madokai Adam, 1939 accepted as Sepia madokai Adam, 1939 accepted as Decorisepia madokai (Adam, 1939)
    62. Subgenus Sepia (Sepia) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Sepia Linnaeus, 1758
      marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
      masculine
      Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors  PDF available
      MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Sepia Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: Marine Species Traits editorial board (2025) Marine Species Traits at: https://marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138477 on 2025-11-18
      Marine Species Traits editorial board (2025). Marine Species Traits. Sepia Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138477 on 2025-11-18
      Date
      action
      by
      2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
      created
      Gofas, Serge
      2016-05-19 10:38:19Z
      changed
      Finn, Julian
      2023-06-20 21:34:10Z
      changed
      Bouchet, Philippe

      original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

      basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details] 

      additional source Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. [details] OpenAccess publication

      additional source Khromov D.N., C.C. Lu, A. Guerra, Zh. Dong & S. v. Boletzky (1998) A synopsis of Sepiidae outside Australian waters. Pp. 77-157, in: Voss N.A., M. Vecchione, R.B. Toll & M.J. Sweeney, eds (1998) Systematics and biogeography of cephalopods. <i>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology</i> 586: volume 1: 1-276; volume 2: 277-599. [details] 

      additional source Reid, A., Jereb, P. & Roper, C.F.E. (2005). Family Sepiidae. pp. 57-152, in P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper eds. <em>Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date.</em> Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (<em>Nautilidae</em>, <em>Sepiidae</em>, <em>Sepiolidae</em>, <em>Sepiadariidae</em>, <em>Idiosepiidae</em> and <em>Spirulidae</em>). <em>FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes [Rome, FAO].</em> 4(1): 262 pp. 9 pls. [details] 
      		 
       Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
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      To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
      To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Sepia) 
      To Genbank 
      To NMNH Extant Collection (IZ MOL 1011033 Cuttle Bone) 
      To NMNH Extant Collection (IZ MOL 1011033 Cuttle Bones) 
      To ITIS
      Unreviewed
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