WoRMS taxon details
Nomenclatureoriginal description
Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. <em>Memoirs of the University of California.</em> 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details] 
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details] 
Otheradditional source
Kofoid, C.A. (1931). Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 18. Protozoan Fauna of Mutsu Bay. Subclass Dinoflagellata; Tribe Gymnodinioidae. <em>Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. Fourth Series, Biology.</em> 6(1): 1-43. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:44315 [details]
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