HKRMS taxon details
original description
Forbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369–378., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276 page(s): 369; note: as "Thalassemaceae" for Thalassematidae [details]
original description
(of Thalassematinae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841) Forbes, E., Goodsir, J. (1841). On the natural history and anatomy of Thalassema and Echiurus. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 30: 369–378., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15036276 page(s): 369. [details]
taxonomy source
Biseswar, Ramlall. (2019). The echiuran fauna of southern Africa (Class: Echiura, Phylum: Annelida). <em>African Zoology.</em> 54(2): 73–90., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1600429 [details] Available for editors 
additional source
van der Land, J. (2001). Echiura, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 178 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Popkov, D. V. (1992). A new echiuran species Thalassema malakhovi (Echiura) from New Zealand. <em>New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.</em> 26(3-4): 379–383., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288330.1992.9516531 page(s): 381; note: a relatively modern intentional usage of Thalassematidae rather than Thalassematinae [details]
status source
Nishikawa, T. (1998). Nomenclatural remarks on the family-group names of the Phylum Echiura. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 111(2): 249–256., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35459003 page(s): 253 [details]
status source
Goto, R. (2016). A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of spoon worms (Echiura, Annelida): implications for morphological evolution, the origin of dwarf males, and habitat shifts. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 99: 247–260., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316000713 note: treated as a valid full family, not part of Echiuridae [details]
status source
Goto, R., Okamoto, T., Ishikawa, H., Hamamura, Y., Kato, M. (2013). Molecular phylogeny of echiuran worms (Phylum: Annelida) reveals evolutionary pattern of feeding mode and sexual dimorphism. <em>PLoS ONE.</em> 8(2): e56809., available online at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056809 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
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